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Genomes and Genes | Arnold J LevineSummaryAffiliation: Institute for Advanced Study Country: USA Publications
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The P53 pathway: what questions remain to be explored?A J Levine
Institute for Advanced Study and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Cell Death Differ 13:1027-36. 2006..The goal of this chapter is to elucidate some of those questions and suggest new directions for this area of research...- p53 regulates maternal reproduction through LIFWenwei Hu
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
Nature 450:721-4. 2007..These results demonstrate a function for p53 in maternal reproduction through the regulation of LIF. Evidence is accumulating that p53 may have a similar function in humans... 
The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genesArnold J Levine
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Science 330:1340-4. 2010..Blocking these metabolic pathways or restoring these altered pathways could lead to a new approach in cancer treatments...
Identifying mRNA targets of microRNA dysregulated in cancer: with application to clear cell Renal Cell CarcinomaHuiqing Liu
BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
BMC Syst Biol 4:51. 2010..Putative mRNA targets of microRNA identified from seed sequence matches are available in many databases. However, such matches have a high false positive rate and cannot identify tissue specificity of regulation...- The p53HMM algorithm: using profile hidden markov models to detect p53-responsive genesTodd Riley
The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
BMC Bioinformatics 10:111. 2009..This new criteria for classifying putative p53-binding sites increases predictive accuracy by reducing the false positive rate... - The common mechanisms of transformation by the small DNA tumor viruses: The inactivation of tumor suppressor gene products: p53Arnold J Levine
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Virology 384:285-93. 2009.... - P53 is a tumor suppressor geneArnold J Levine
Institute for Advanced Study Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Cell 116:S67-9, 1 p following S69. 2004 - The first 30 years of p53: growing ever more complexArnold J Levine
Arnold J Levine is at the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences, Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Nat Rev Cancer 9:749-58. 2009..The fourth decade of research may see new p53-based drugs to treat cancer. What is next is anybody's guess... - Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathwaysArnold J Levine
The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Genes Dev 20:267-75. 2006..In turn these pathways regulate cell growth, proliferation, and death. These networks are central to our understanding of a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, and longevity... - Reconstructing signal transduction pathways: challenges and opportunitiesArnold J Levine
School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540 0631, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1115:32-50. 2007.... - Robust diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma phenotypes validated on gene expression data from different laboratoriesGyan Bhanot
Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Genome Inform 16:233-44. 2005..In particular, we find that in 80% of DLBCL cases the mRNA level of at least one of the three genes p53, PLK1 and CDK2 is elevated, while in 80% of FL cases, the mRNA level of at most one of them is elevated... - Chemosensitivity profiles identify polymorphisms in the p53 network genes 14-3-3tau and CD44 that affect sarcoma incidence and survivalAlexei Vazquez
The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Cancer Res 70:172-80. 2010..89 relative risk, P=0.011) and an earlier age of diagnosis (up to 10.7 years earlier, P=0.002). Our findings define genetic markers in 14-3-3tau and CD44 that might improve the treatment and prognosis of soft-tissue sarcomas... - Sequences from ancestral single-stranded DNA viruses in vertebrate genomes: the parvoviridae and circoviridae are more than 40 to 50 million years oldVladimir A Belyi
Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
J Virol 84:12458-62. 2010..Our analyses indicate that the ages of both virus families may exceed 40 to 50 million years. Shared features of the replication strategies of these viruses may explain the high incidence of the integrations... - Viral reassortment as an information exchange between viral segmentsBenjamin D Greenbaum
The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:3341-6. 2012..We find evolutionary patterns across classes of experiments and previously unobserved higher-level structures. Finally, we show how this approach can be combined with virulence potentials to assess pandemic threats... - The p53 family: guardians of maternal reproductionArnold J Levine
Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:259-65. 2011..Elucidating the cell biological basis of how these factors regulate female fertility may lead to new approaches to the control of human maternal reproduction... - An information-theoretic analysis of genetics, gender and age in cancer patientsGurinder Singh Atwal
The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
PLoS ONE 3:e1951. 2008..These results offer a molecular and genetic basis for the observed sexual dimorphism of cancer risk in p53 mutation carriers and a model is proposed that suggests a novel cancer prevention strategy for p53 mutation carriers... - Regulation of female reproduction by p53 and its family membersZhaohui Feng
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
FASEB J 25:2245-55. 2011..Selected alleles of SNPs in p63 and p73 genes were enriched in IVF patients. These findings demonstrate that the p53 family members are involved in several steps to regulate female reproduction in mice and humans... - Molecular classification of prostate cancer using curated expression signaturesElke K Markert
Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:21276-81. 2011..This classification is independent of Gleason score and therefore provides useful unique molecular profiles for prostate cancer prognosis, helping to predict poor outcome in patients with low or average Gleason scores... - Fine-scale detection of population-specific linkage disequilibrium using haplotype entropy in the human genomeHideaki Mizuno
The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
BMC Genet 11:27. 2010..Several methods have been proposed to detect linkage disequilibrium (LD), which is indicative of natural selection, from genome-wide profiles of common genetic variations but are designed for large regions... - The origins and evolution of the p53 family of genesVladimir A Belyi
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2:a001198. 2010..Thus, this gene family has preserved its structural features and functional activities for over one billion years of evolution... - Higher order Boolean networks as models of cell state dynamicsElke K Markert
Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
J Theor Biol 264:945-51. 2010..Finally, we illustrate how the model can be expanded considering higher levels and higher order dynamics... - Multiple Roles of p53-Related Pathways in Somatic Cell Reprogramming and Stem Cell DifferentiationLan Yi
Authors Affiliations The Cancer Institute of New Jersey The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey and The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
Cancer Res 72:5635-45. 2012..The production of iPSCs in culture from normal and cancer cells, although different from each other in several ways, both responded to the inhibition of reprogramming by the p53 protein. Cancer Res; 72(21); 5635-45. ©2012 AACR... - Haplotype structure and selection of the MDM2 oncogene in humansGurinder Singh Atwal
Institute for Advanced Study, Simons Center for Systems Biology, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:4524-9. 2007..An entropy-based selection test is presented that explicitly takes into account the correlations between different SNPs, and the analysis of MDM2 reveals a significant departure from the standard assumptions of selective neutrality... - The genetics of the p53 pathway, apoptosis and cancer therapyAlexei Vazquez
The Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:979-87. 2008..Furthermore, inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms in p53 pathway genes could serve a similar purpose... - Anomalies in the influenza virus genome database: new biology or laboratory errors?Michael Krasnitz
Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
J Virol 82:8947-50. 2008..These findings may point to surprising new biology but are perhaps more readily explained by stock contamination or other errors in the sequencing laboratories... - Inactivation of p53 in breast cancers correlates with stem cell transcriptional signaturesHideaki Mizuno
The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:22745-50. 2010..These data are consistent with a model in which loss of p53 function enables acquisition of stem cell properties, which are positively selected during tumor progression... - Non-random reassortment in human influenza A virusesRaul Rabadan
Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2:9-22. 2008..This type of shift has been the source of at least two of the influenza pandemics in the 20th century (H2N2 in 1957 and H3N2 in 1968)... - Comparison of avian and human influenza A viruses reveals a mutational bias on the viral genomesRaul Rabadan
Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
J Virol 80:11887-91. 2006..Additionally, we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the H1N1 influenza virus entered the human population just prior to the 1918 outbreak, with an earliest bound of 1910... - MDM2 SNP309 accelerates tumor formation in a gender-specific and hormone-dependent mannerGareth L Bond
The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Cancer Res 66:5104-10. 2006.... - Patterns of oligonucleotide sequences in viral and host cell RNA identify mediators of the host innate immune systemBenjamin D Greenbaum
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
PLoS ONE 4:e5969. 2009..This shows how differences in host immune biology can drive the evolution of viruses that jump into species with different immune priorities than the original host... - A relative-entropy algorithm for genomic fingerprinting captures host-phage similaritiesHarlan Robins
Institute for Advanced Study, Natural Sciences, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
J Bacteriol 187:8370-4. 2005..The methods developed here can be readily extended to other problems in bioinformatics... - Suppression of immediate-early viral gene expression by herpesvirus-coded microRNAs: implications for latencyEain Murphy
Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:5453-8. 2008..We propose that herpesviruses use microRNA-mediated suppression of immediate-early genes as part of their strategy to enter and maintain latency... - MDM2 is a central node in the p53 pathway: 12 years and countingGareth L Bond
School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Curr Cancer Drug Targets 5:3-8. 2005..The p53 gene is mutated in 50% of all human tumors, but in those tumors that retain wild type p53, inhibiting Mdm2 activity could activate p53 tumor suppression and therefore provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer... - Unexpected inheritance: multiple integrations of ancient bornavirus and ebolavirus/marburgvirus sequences in vertebrate genomesVladimir A Belyi
Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
PLoS Pathog 6:e1001030. 2010..Clearly, the sources of genetic information in vertebrate genomes are much more diverse than previously suspected... - WISP-1 is a Wnt-1- and beta-catenin-responsive oncogeneL Xu
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
Genes Dev 14:585-95. 2000..Although these cells did not acquire anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, they readily formed tumors in nude mice, suggesting that appropriate cellular attachment is important for signaling oncogenic events downstream of WISP-1... - p53 responsive elements in human retrotransposonsC R Harris
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation, New Brunswick, NJ 08540, USA
Oncogene 28:3857-65. 2009.... - Identification of a mouse homolog of the human BTEB2 transcription factor as a beta-catenin-independent Wnt-1-responsive geneL T Ziemer
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
Mol Cell Biol 21:562-74. 2001..These results suggest that mBTEB2 is a biologically relevant target of Wnt-1 signaling that is activated through a beta-catenin-independent, PKC-sensitive pathway in response to Wnt-1... - The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cellsZhaohui Feng
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:8204-9. 2005..Thus, p53 and mTOR signaling machineries can cross-talk and coordinately regulate cell growth, proliferation, and death... - The regulation of AMPK beta1, TSC2, and PTEN expression by p53: stress, cell and tissue specificity, and the role of these gene products in modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathwaysZhaohui Feng
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Cancer Res 67:3043-53. 2007..Upon glucose starvation of E1A-transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts, a p53-mediated apoptosis ensues. Thus, there is a great deal of communication between the p53 pathway and the IGF-1-AKT and mTOR pathways... - The regulation of exosome secretion: a novel function of the p53 proteinXin Yu
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Cancer Res 66:4795-801. 2006..Thus, the p53 pathway regulates the production of exosomes into the medium and these vesicles can communicate with adjacent cells and even cells of the immune system... - Tissue-specific codon usage and the expression of human genesJoshua B Plotkin
Harvard Society of Fellows and Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12588-91. 2004..Our findings suggest that codon-mediated translational control may play an important role in the differentiation and regulation of tissue-specific gene products in humans... - Sequence analysis of p53 response-elements suggests multiple binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA targetsBuyong Ma
Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Nucleic Acids Res 35:2986-3001. 2007..We propose that the palindromic sequence couplings may encode such potential preferred multiple binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA... - The computational detection of functional nucleotide sequence motifs in the coding regions of organismsHarlan Robins
Computational Biology Group, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 233:665-73. 2008.... - MDM2 SNP309 accelerates colorectal tumour formation in womenGareth L Bond
J Med Genet 43:950-2. 2006.... - A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter attenuates the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and accelerates tumor formation in humansGareth L Bond
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
Cell 119:591-602. 2004..In humans, SNP309 is shown to associate with accelerated tumor formation in both hereditary and sporadic cancers. A model is proposed whereby SNP309 serves as a rate-limiting event in carcinogenesis... - Probing potential binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA based on the symmetries encoded in p53 response elementsBuyong Ma
Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Nucleic Acids Res 35:7733-47. 2007..Our work suggests that p53 needs balanced binding modes to maintain genome stability. Inverse repeat p53REs favor the H14 mode and direct repeat p53REs may have high possibilities of other modes... - High expression of lymphocyte-associated genes in node-negative HER2+ breast cancers correlates with lower recurrence ratesGabriela Alexe
The Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Cancer Res 67:10669-76. 2007..These data suggest that early-stage HER2+ cancers associated with lymphocytic infiltration are a biologically distinct subtype with an improved natural history... - In the quest for stable rescuing mutants of p53: computational mutagenesis of flexible loop L1Yongping Pan
Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, Incorporated, Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, NCI Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
Biochemistry 44:1423-32. 2005..Linearity (i.e., nonbranched), moderate size, and balanced hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of the side chain are crucial to the stabilizing effect of the residue substitutions... - Epigenetic and genetic loss of Hic1 function accentuates the role of p53 in tumorigenesisWenyong Chen
Cancer Biology Program, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
Cancer Cell 6:387-98. 2004..Our results indicate the importance of genes altered only through epigenetic mechanisms in cancer progression in conjunction with genetically modified tumor suppressor genes... - Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressorZhenyu Yue
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15077-82. 2003..They both provide a biological explanation for recent evidence implicating beclin 1 in human cancer and suggest that mutations in other genes operating in this pathway may contribute to tumor formation through deregulation of autophagy... - Highly conserved regions of influenza a virus polymerase gene segments are critical for efficient viral RNA packagingGlenn A Marsh
Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
J Virol 82:2295-304. 2008..This work provides further evidence for a selective packaging mechanism for influenza A viruses, demonstrating that these highly conserved regions are important for efficient packaging... - The presence of p53 mutations in human osteosarcomas correlates with high levels of genomic instabilityMichael Overholtzer
Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:11547-52. 2003..These results demonstrate that the inactivation of p53 in osteosarcomas directly by mutation versus indirectly by HDM2 amplification may have different cellular consequences with respect to the stability of the genome... - CIAP1 and the serine protease HTRA2 are involved in a novel p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in mammalsShengkan Jin
Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Genes Dev 17:359-67. 2003..These results demonstrate that the mammalian p53 protein may activate apoptosis through a novel pathway functionally similar to that in Drosophila, which involves HTRA2 and subsequent inhibition of CIAP1 by cleavage... - Stochastic gene expression in a single cellMichael B Elowitz
Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Science 297:1183-6. 2002..These results establish a quantitative foundation for modeling noise in genetic networks and reveal how low intracellular copy numbers of molecules can fundamentally limit the precision of gene regulation... - Comparison of the protein-protein interfaces in the p53-DNA crystal structures: towards elucidation of the biological interfaceBuyong Ma
Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc, Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:3988-93. 2005..Thus, they have significant implications toward our understanding of DNA binding by p53 as well as p53-mediated interactions with other proteins... - A chromatin-associated and transcriptionally inactive p53-Mdm2 complex occurs in mdm2 SNP309 homozygous cellsNicoleta C Arva
Institute for Biomolecular Structure and Function and Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, USA
J Biol Chem 280:26776-87. 2005..Our data suggest that overproduction of Mdm2, resulting from a naturally occurring SNP, inhibits chromatin-bound p53 from activating the transcription of its target genes... - Activation of NF-kappaB and inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis by API2/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 fusions promote oncogenesisArchontoula Stoffel
Laboratory for Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 290, New York, NY 10021, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:9079-84. 2004..Furthermore, they provide evidence underlying the emerging role of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the inhibition of apoptosis... - Declining p53 function in the aging process: a possible mechanism for the increased tumor incidence in older populationsZhaohui Feng
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:16633-8. 2007.... - The tumor suppressor p53: cancer and agingZhaohui Feng
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Cell Cycle 7:842-7. 2008..We discuss here the coordination and communication between the p53 pathway and the IGF-1-mTOR pathways, and their possible impact on cancer and longevity... - Patterns of evolution and host gene mimicry in influenza and other RNA virusesBenjamin D Greenbaum
BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
PLoS Pathog 4:e1000079. 2008..As a possible explanation, we suggest that the strong selection pressures acting on these RNA viruses are most likely related to the innate immune response and to nucleotide motifs in the host DNA and RNAs... - A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 gene disrupts the oscillation of p53 and MDM2 levels in cellsWenwei Hu
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Cancer Res 67:2757-65. 2007..e., the development of cancers at earlier age of onset in female)... - Beyond PTEN mutations: the PI3K pathway as an integrator of multiple inputs during tumorigenesisMegan Cully
The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
Nat Rev Cancer 6:184-92. 2006..How does the PI3K pathway integrate signals from numerous sources, and how can this information be used in the rational design of cancer therapies?.. - Detection of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms that affect apoptosisSandra L Harris
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:16297-302. 2005..Finally, the LCLs in the lowest apoptotic response group have the highest concentration of AKT1 protein and all harbor a haplotype in AKT1 that is present in Caucasians but absent in African Americans... - The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions of p53 with cellular proteinsBuyong Ma
Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc, Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Phys Biol 2:S56-66. 2005..Met384/Phe385 in the C-terminal region interacts with the S100B protein and the Bromodomain of the CBP protein. Thus, these residues may assist in elucidating the p53 interactions when structural data are not available... - A plausible model for the digital response of p53 to DNA damageLan Ma
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:14266-71. 2005..The damped oscillations previously observed in cell populations can be explained as the aggregate behavior of single cells... - p53 regulates cell survival by inhibiting PIK3CA in squamous cell carcinomasBhuvanesh Singh
Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
Genes Dev 16:984-93. 2002..Thus, p53 regulates cell survival by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT prosurvival signal independent of PTEN in epithelial tumors. This inhibition is required for p53-mediated apoptosis in malignant cells...