Z M Younossi

..Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C requires an understanding of the intricacies of this relationship and appropriate management of treatment-related symptoms...

..These findings may help clarify the pathogenesis of NAFLD and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention...

..29 vs. 20%; P = 0.04). Age, gender, and BMI did not affect SVR. The addition of amantadine to pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin does not seem to increase the efficicacy of this regimen...

..Future randomized clinical trials are needed to establish the impact of growth factors in improving sustained virological response...

..Superimposed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may affect HCV-related fibrosis. We performed a study to determine the relationship between NAFLD and chronic hepatitis C...

..The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of patients with NAFLD and DM...

..Similar improvements were evident in physical and disease-specific aspects of health-related quality of life, but some residual dysfunction persisted...

..Combination of interferon and ribavirin was given with prompt virological suppression. Despite this rapid viral suppression, all four patients developed progressive graft failure with three deaths...

..We conclude that combination of IFN and ribavirin with duration of therapy based on the viral genotype, is a cost-effective approach in treating patients with chronic hepatitis C...

..In addition, focal adhesion and TGF-β pathways are associated with some predictors of response...

..Post-OLT NAFL and NASH can be seen in a number of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. This supports the notion that some cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis represent burned-out NAFL...

..In particular, we identified the hypoxia response pathway and the apoptosis/survival-related gene network, as differentially expressed in chronic hepatitis C patients with anaemia...

..Nevertheless, the rate for HBV vaccination was low. The low prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes in HBV-positive subjects emphasizes the need for screening to be triggered by risk factors and not by abnormal liver enzymes...

..Although IFN + RIBA in this group was associated with a reasonable end of treatment response, relapses were common and sustained responses were low...

..quot; CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that utilities should be based on patient reports and that the data from this study can inform economic analyses in studies of patients with chronic liver disease...

..CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that chronic liver disease substantially reduces HRQL, and this impact does not differ markedly by type of disease. Older age and measures of disease severity were associated with poorer HRQL...

..Several adipocytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)...

..Patient-reported outcomes like health-related quality of life (HRQL) have become increasingly important for full assessment of patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD)...

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..Features associated with the metabolic syndrome and liver cell injury are independently associated with either NASH or advanced fibrosis...

..Conclusion: Early gene expression during anti-HCV therapy may elucidate important molecular pathways that may be influencing the probability of achieving virologic response...

..In this interferon-resistant group, a treatment regimen of interferon alpha-2b, ribavirin, and amantadine was associated with only a 10% sustained viral eradication rate...

..The relative impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) compared to other chronic liver diseases has not been fully explored...

..Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder for women of child-bearing age and is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS)...

..MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to regulate some of these molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD...

..5%), males (62%) with 16% having type 2 diabetes and a BMI 33.8+/-7.12. CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, type 2 DM and superimposed steatohepatitis are independently associated with advanced fibrosis...

..These findings may help clarify the molecular pathogenesis of NASH and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention...

..Greater anger was associated with more depression and poorer HRQL. Findings point to the importance for physicians to screen for a wide range of neuropsychiatric side effects of interferon, including anger...

..The impact of growth factors on sustained virologic response and their cost-effectiveness in patients with chronic hepatitis C need further assessment...

..The aim of this study was to assess the association of hepatic fibrosis and NASH by evaluating the intrinsic differences in the inflammatory cytokine signaling in the visceral adipose tissue obtained from morbidly obese patients...

..Recurrent bouts of overt HE negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life...

..Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome...

..001). CONCLUSION: Simple prognostic models for mortality and resource utilization have been developed for cirrhotic patients admitted to the MICU...

..In this article, we will discuss the clinical aspects of hepatitis B and C, recent advances in treatment and studies of the cost-effectiveness of these treatments...

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..Chronic HCV infection has a profound negative impact on patients' HRQL. Disabling fatigue is the most important factor that contributes to loss of well-being in this relatively young group of patients...

..Obesity is not only associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but it also adversely affects the progression of other liver diseases. There are limited data regarding the dietary habits of patients with chronic liver disease...

..Although recent studies have found that coffee drinking is protective against end stage chronic liver disease, there are scarce caffeine intake data in NAFLD specifically...

..This study assesses the epidemiology of NAFLD in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years...

..5%. Screening with PCR only was never cost effective. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis does not support the widespread screening for hepatitis C among asymptomatic, average-risk adults...

..Future therapies may combine drugs that target specific pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis...

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..There are no published data on the health insurance status of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals. To address this issue, we analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)...

..Future studies are needed to see whether proactive management of these side effects can improve patients' HRQL and the efficacy of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C...

..This study evaluates the potential association between the NAFLD subtypes and a number of polysomnographical (PSG) parameters...

..The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be defined. We conducted a study to determine the overall and liver-related mortality of NAFLD in the general US population...

..High intensity exercise improves metabolic status and may potentially mobilise hepatic fat...

..Use of i.v. penicillin G is supported by most reports. Silibinin, although preferred over penicillin, is not easily available in the United States. In those with acute liver failure, liver transplantation can be life saving...

..However, a number of important unresolved issues must be clarified before the true natural history of this disease can be fully understood...

..Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are involved in hepatic fibrogenesis. Cell signaling associated with an insult to the liver affects an HSC transdifferentiation to fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cells...

..On the other hand, the literature lacks well-designed, randomized control trials that assess the efficacy of anti-obesity regimens on histologic and long-term outcomes of NAFLD...

..Phosphoproteomics technology could potentially be used to provide pathogenic information about NASH and NASH-related fibrosis. This information can lead to a clinically relevant diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for NASH...

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..Differences in transcriptional regulation in omental adipose tissue and liver tissue may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression...

..NAFLD treatment currently focuses on reducing metabolic risk factors, with the mainstay of therapy focusing on life-style modifications such as gradual weight loss through diet and regular exercise...

..Hepatic steatosis occurs in 40-70% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus [chronic hepatitis C (CH-C)]. Hepatic steatosis in CH-C is associated with progressive liver disease and a low response rate to antiviral therapy...

..The current study compared the survival of subjects with and without suspected NAFLD in a population-based cohort, and placed the finding in the context of previously published case series...

..For this reason, high-throughput approaches may be well suited for studies designed to untangle the molecular basis of the chronic liver diseases such as NAFLD...

..CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that significant weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion can improve liver histology in patients with advanced fibrosis...

..v. immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. Our report underscores the importance of recognizing nonhepatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C infection that may be associated with high morbidity and mortality...

..The goals of our study were to identify host and/or virological factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of these manifestations...

..We performed a population-based study to assess factors that are associated independently with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related mortality...

..Metabolic syndrome (MS) is common among morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the impact and predictors of bariatric surgery on the resolution of MS...

..These findings are a first step toward clarifying the molecular pathogenesis of obesity and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention...

..Clinically, these data suggest that attention must be paid not only to optimizing antiviral response but also to screening for and treatment of the various components of the metabolic syndrome...

..In conclusion, SF-6D provides not only a generic assessment of HRQL but also a utility score that can be used for economic analysis of patients with chronic liver disease...

..There is no established treatment for NAFLD except for weight loss and treating each component of the metabolic syndrome...

..Additionally, adiponectin gene expression is also decreased in the adipose tissue of these patients. This low level of adiponectin expression may predispose patients to the progressive form of NAFLD or NASH...

..Over the next few years, advances in technology and refinements in study design and data analysis will make clinically relevant translational research even more engaging and productive...

..This article reviews some of the studies dealing with the histopathology of NAFLD, with attempts to develop a standardized pathologic scoring system for NASH...

..Recent findings suggest a role for apoptosis and adipocytokines in the pathogenesis of NASH. The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for NASH...

..Chronic hepatitis C virus (CH-C) infection is associated with metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (DM) and may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases...

..In this article, we aim to provide an update to clinicians related to issues surrounding prognosis, monitoring, and treatment...

..Thus, the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C may be important for reducing the risk of progression as well as improving the efficacy of antiviral therapy...

..g., HCV genotype 3). Increasing evidence suggests that hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and obesity in the setting of HCV have a negative impact on the efficacy of treatment and hepatic progression of fibrosis...

..NASH is the only subtype of NAFLD that has been shown to progress relatively, although these findings were reported from studies with short follow-up periods. We assessed the long-term outcomes of a NAFLD cohort...

..It is anticipated that, through a better understanding of NAFL, more effective treatment protocols can be developed targeting only those patients with NASH that are at the highest risk for progression to cirrhosis and liver failure...

..Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies present an important therapeutic option in this area, and this article assesses current investigations of several antibodies...

..CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence for the role of omental fat in the pathogenesis, and potentially, the progression of NAFLD...

..NASH-related cirrhosis may have a similar prognosis as cirrhosis from other causes, leading to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma...

..Although chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) has consistently been shown to impair patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL), the impact of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) on HRQL has not been fully explored...

..Aim: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with CH-B and the association with viral and host factors, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS)...

..The presence of ascites and/or encephalopathy was significantly associated with poor quality of life. CTP correlates better to QOL, probably because it contains ascites and encephalopathy...

..Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the overall and liver-related mortality and their predictors in patients with CLD using population data...

..As yet there is no convincingly effective treatment for NAFLD--a multimodal treatment plan that targets obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hypertension might be the best option for these patients...

..We conclude that the presence of hepatocyte injury in NAFLD is associated with fibrosis. These pathological features can be used to establish the pathological criteria for diagnosis of the progressive form of NAFLD or NASH...

..Good intraobserver agreement was evident for each modality (US, CT, and MRI) that was superior to interobserver agreement...

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..In this article, we review the recent research that has examined the impact of chronic liver disease on health-related quality of life...

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..8 [1.9-134]; P = 0.01). Iron studies did not reveal an increased risk for iron overload or HFE mutation. Male gender, advancing age, and non-Caucasian ethnic background are independently associated with HCC...

..Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with the metabolic syndrome, and it is expected to become more common in countries where obesity, one of the components of the metabolic syndrome, is increasing...

..This article describes the epidemiology, clinical features, natural history, and pathogenesis of NAFLD...

..Potential therapeutic applications are also considered...

..We sought to determine the cost effectiveness of adjunctive treatment with an EGF vs standard care in the treatment of hepatitis C...

..Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html)...