THOMAS D ROTH

..During the late phase, flurazepam did not disrupt performance but still affected the MSLT. Temazepam affected neither index the next day during the late phase...

..5-mg zolpidem tartrate sublingual tablets (ZST) on latency to sleep onset after middle-of-the-night (MOTN) awakenings in patients with insomnia characterized by difficulty returning to sleep after MOTN awakenings...

..SWD is associated with a higher risk of occupational and motor vehicle accidents, and thus poses a public health risk...

..To assess the effect of pregabalin on polysomnographic (PSG) measures of sleep and patient-rated sleep, tiredness, and pain in fibromyalgia patients...

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..Safety and tolerability data from 6 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were combined to evaluate modafinil across these different patient populations...

..To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of modified-release zolpidem (zolpidem-MR 12.5mg) for the treatment of primary insomnia in adults...

..Some patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA/HS) experience excessive sleepiness (ES) that might not resolve with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment...

..To assess the efficacy and safety of ramelteon, a selective melatonin MT1/MT2-receptor agonist, for insomnia treatment in older adults...

..Thus, the GABA agonists may not simply promote sleep, but consolidate it as well. The clinical utility of the increase in slow-wave sleep and the sleep consolidation it produces warrants further investigation...

..To assess the efficacy and safety of ramelteon, a selective MT(1)/MT(2) receptor agonist, for chronic insomnia treatment...

..Because the majority of individuals who have trouble sleeping attempt to treat the problem independently using over-the-counter medications or alcohol, insomnia is undertreated by health care providers, despite its serious consequences...

..A double-blind placebo-controlled study of eszopiclone found significant, sustained improvement in sleep and daytime function. The 6-month open-label extension phase is described herein...

..Evaluate the efficacy of ramelteon, an MT/1MT2-receptor agonist, for the treatment of transient insomnia in healthy adults...

..This review summarizes the current available data on the evolution of insomnia and proposes a model that warrants further research attention and discussion...

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..The most consistent impact of insomnia is a high risk of depression...

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..Armodafinil also reduced patient-reported fatigue and was well tolerated...

..Yet assessment of sleep/wakefulness and associated symptoms can often be easily conducted in the primary care setting, providing valuable information to facilitate the diagnosis and management of sleep/wake disorders...

..The efficacy and safety of doxepin (DXP) 6mg tablets were evaluated in healthy adults in a model of transient insomnia...

..The objective of this review is to summarize the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia and the effect of pregabalin on sleep interference in these patients...

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..Further research is therefore required to increase our understanding of the impact of insomnia on patients with substance dependence...

..Recent studies, however, suggest this approach is not the most appropriate. Instead, treating both conditions simultaneously may improve the outcomes for each...

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..Sodium oxybate is the only drug approved for treating both cataplexy and EDS. Modafinil and sodium oxybate have similar, long-term efficacies in treating EDS at prescribed doses...

..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxepin 1, 3, and 6 mg in insomnia patients...

..The objective of this double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study (n = 24) was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and daytime-sedative profile of 1.0, 1.75, and 3.5 mg dose of the formulation...

..This study further evaluated the effects of tiagabine on sleep in elderly subjects with primary insomnia...

..These may have very different consequences in terms of abuse liability and patients' perceptions of efficacy, and thus permit a more effective and appropriate use of this drug class...

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..The data were interpreted as indicating that the sleepy subjects had a sleep debt due to chronic sleep restriction...

..However, sleepy subjects never achieved the baseline level of sleepiness/alertness seen in the alert subjects...

..In contrast, for narcoleptic patients the beneficial effects of the nap were lost when tested 3 hours later. These results show that narcoleptic patients benefit from a longer nap but that these benefits are short-lived...

..This tendency may be exacerbated by other factors (e.g., personality disorder, periodic leg movements) also associated with insomnia...

..5-mg and 10-mg zolpidem dose groups and placebo. This study demonstrates that zolpidem at 7.5 mg and 10 mg is effective in the treatment of transient insomnia...

..Although the natural sleep provided recuperation relative to no sleep or fragmented sleep, it did not restore daytime sleepiness to the screening level...

..This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults...

..The relation between nocturnal sleep efficiency and daytime sleepiness suggests that the increased sleepiness of average young adults is due to mild sleep restriction...

..The impairing effects of sleep loss vary as a function of rate, suggesting the presence of a compensatory adaptive mechanism operating in conjunction with the accumulation of a sleep debt...

..This study investigated changes in MSLT scores and recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation in subjects with insomnia as compared to normal sleepers...

..To determine intrarater and interrater scoring reliability of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) in a population of sleep clinic patients...

..While several self-report studies suggest that viral illness may influence sleep parameters, no studies have assessed polysomnographically recorded sleep following viral infections...

..However, significantly less sleep was found in block 6 following the 48-hr condition. Overall, subjects recovered 72% and 42% of the total amount of sleep lost during the 24- and 48-hr conditions, respectively...

..However, as the number of tests comprising the MSLT was reduced below three, the reliability was reduced such that only 50% or less of the variance could be predicted...

..Across conditions, subjects slept more during the first 4 hours when compared to blocks 2, 3, 4 and 5. Blocks 1 and 6 were comparable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..Their short average daily sleep latency was a result of causes other than chronic insufficient sleep...

..Further investigations into the determinants of multiple SOREMPs and their reliability among asymptomatic populations are warranted...

..To assess the effect of sleep loss and the effect of a sedating drug on waking actigraphy..

..In the present study we evaluated the characteristics of sleep-onset detection (during daytime nap opportunities) as a function of differing sleep lengths among healthy, asymptomatic subjects...

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..It remains unclear, however, whether this activation is primary or secondary to the insomnia itself. If physiologic hyperarousal causes primary insomnia, it would provide new approaches to the management of this disorder...

..The objective of the study was to determine if daytime CPAP titration is a viable alternative for the implementation of CPAP treatment in patients with severe OSA...

..The REM sleep latency showed a reduction in the first recovery night in both groups that persisted through the second recovery night. The above findings support the role of biperiden as a REM sleep suppressive drug...

..This differential rate of decline in AATs is suggested to be related to the differences in sleep homeostasis among alert and sleepy individuals...

..2) among those who use these substances for sleep problems, what are the patterns of use? and (3) are there social factors, independent of sleep characteristics, that increase the likelihood of alcohol and medication use to aid sleep?..

..5 hours. Ethanol reached zero, but triazolam and diphenhydramine did not. Continued sedation (sedative effects after plasma concentration reached zero) was observed with ethanol...

..In this condition latencies were similar to those of the caffeine and 5- or 8-h TIBs...

..CONCLUSIONS: The data of this study are consistent with the view that hypnotic self-administration by insomniacs is therapy-seeking behavior and not drug abuse...

..Drug was chosen on 88% of days after 4 hr, but only 29% of days after 8 hr. Preference for the drug depends on sleepiness and is mediated by performance-enhancing and fatigue-altering effects...

..These deficits in psychomotor and attention appear to be specifically related to patients group (OSAS vs. COPD), but the other deficits found in complex reasoning and memory are nonspecific...

..The mechanism by which REM deprivation exerts its alerting effects is unknown and will require future research...

..Alcohol's effects on other physiological functions during sleep have yet to be documented thoroughly and unequivocally...

..The important contribution of the present proposal is that it will be the first population-based study to use laboratory assessments, its consequences and risks to measure sleepiness. ..