N Breslau

....

..Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between major depression and smoking. This prospective study examines the role of depression in smoking progression and cessation, and the role of smoking in first-onset major depression...

..The study estimates the relative importance of specific types of traumas experienced in the community in terms of their prevalence and risk of leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

..We also examined the extent to which comorbidity with major depression is specific to migraine or is observed in other severe headaches...

..This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults...

..The authors examine interrelated questions about the effects of previous exposure to trauma...

..The authors' goal was to construct a short screening scale for DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

..To examine the role of anxiety disorders in the development of sex differences in the risk of major depression...

..Finally, we present findings on the PTSD/drug use disorder association from an epidemiologic study of young adults...

..Epidemiologic studies have reported a lifetime association between smoking and panic disorder. In this study, we examine potential explanations for this association...

..Although there is a high degree of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug use disorders, little is known about causal relationships between PTSD, exposure to traumatic events, and drug use disorders...

..The excess of somatization symptoms in persons with history of PTSD might be attributable to PTSD per se, or to the greater severity of the associated comorbidity, compared to persons with disorders other than PTSD...

..However, little is known about the epidemiology of nicotine dependence. We studied DSM-III-R nicotine dependence in the United States, trends across cohorts, and the role of nicotine dependence in smoking persistence...

....

..Such research may provide information on the relationship of sleep problems to the immediate health and well being of adolescents, as well as their trajectories into adulthood...

..These transitions also reduce the likelihood that an existing alcohol disorder will persist...

..The association of trouble sleeping at age 6 with incidence of depression at age 11 was not statistically significant (suburban children RR=2.22, 95% CI 0.53-9.23; urban children RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.20-4.18)...

..This variant has the strongest effect on risk for alcohol dependence compared with any other tested variant in European populations...

..To examine the relationship of migraine and other severe headaches with panic disorder...

..2) among those who use these substances for sleep problems, what are the patterns of use? and (3) are there social factors, independent of sleep characteristics, that increase the likelihood of alcohol and medication use to aid sleep?..

..However, several factors, namely, chronicity, impairment, comorbidity, and somatization, are significantly related to and can influence the course of PTSD and subsequent outcome. This article briefly reviews each of these factors...

..This study tests whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of early drug use...

..By diminishing the plausibility of a simple causal explanation for the migraine-depression comorbidity, the findings favor the shared mechanisms explanation...

..Growing up in a racially segregated and disadvantaged community, more than individual and familial factors, may contribute to a decline in IQ score in the early school years...

..The findings suggest that positive expectancies may be an important factor in persistence of alcohol dependence and that their modification may enhance treatment of alcohol dependence in young adults...

..Interventions to improve academic performance of LBW children should focus on the preschool years...

..The utility of A2 as a screen must be tested prospectively...

..An association between migraine and major depression has been observed in clinical and community samples. The factors that contribute to this association and their implications remain unclear...

....

..The results suggest that migraine sufferers might be more vulnerable to psychopathology and poor adjustment to their medical condition...

..Additionally, current smoking might serve as a marker for targeting interventions to prevent alcohol and drug disorders...

..Measurement invariance of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criterion symptoms was tested by gender and trauma type, assaultive and non-assaultive...