Kana Wu

..Vitamin D status and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and C-peptide have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, in contrast to vitamin D IGF-1 is not an easily modifiable risk factor...

..Because mutagens other than heterocyclic amines also contribute to MDM, our results suggest that mutagens other than heterocyclic amines in cooked meats may also play a role in increasing the risk of distal adenoma...

..Examining the effects of dietary patterns on cancer risk may provide insights beyond the assessment of individual foods or nutrients...

..In addition, our findings also suggest that among younger men, diets rich in beta-carotene may also play a protective role in prostate carcinogenesis...

..We investigated this relationship in a nested case-control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), a large ongoing study of male health professionals living in the United States...

..Evidence from observational studies suggests that inadequate folate status enhances colorectal carcinogenesis, but results from some randomized trials do not support this hypothesis...

..Single plasma samples quantitating plasma lycopene are a valid predictor of long-term exposure for epidemiologic studies...

..Considering the paucity of epidemiological data on this association, further studies of vitamin E and colon cancer are warranted...

..Mutagenic compounds produced when meats are cooked at high temperatures have been hypothesized to increase risk of breast cancer...

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..01, P for trend = 0.01). There was an implied protective association between increased eating frequency of healthy meals and colorectal cancer risk and in men with factors associated with higher insulin sensitivity...

..The relation between vitamin B-6 intake and colorectal cancer risk remains uncertain...

..10) for the low and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.92) for the high group. Reductions in colon cancer risk associated with aspirin use were not significantly modified by body mass index, physical activity, or plasma C-peptide level in this study...

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..On the other hand, some epidemiologic studies suggest that the Ala allele is associated with a higher risk of cancer, including prostate cancer...

..Higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D) levels are associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer, but the influence of plasma 25(OH)D on the outcome of patients with established colorectal cancer is unknown...

..No epidemiologic study has examined the association of intake of these nutrients and colorectal adenoma risk...

..Dietary patterns have been associated with fasting insulin levels and risk of diabetes. To determine whether dietary patterns are associated with pancreatic cancer risk, we analyzed data from two large prospective cohort studies...

..Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been inconclusive...

..Further investigation is required to validate the association of the polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolic genes and risk of colorectal adenoma...

..Our study does not support strong roles of zinc and heme iron intake in colorectal cancer risk; however, a suggestive inverse association of dietary zinc intake with rectal cancer risk in women requires further study...

..Higher height and body fatness during childhood was associated with increased risk of distal adenoma later in life, independent of adult body weight...

..Excess energy balance leads to increased circulating insulin and depressed levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) -1, which promote cancer cell growth in preclinical models...

..To examine the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) intake and colorectal cancer incidence...

..Similar inverse associations were seen with components (calcium and vitamin D) of dairy foods, but their independent associations with breast cancer are difficult to distinguish...

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..Future investigations on this association should concentrate on specific cancer subsites and on the dose-response relationship...

..Future investigations of colon or rectal cancer should take into consideration risk factor differences by subsite...

..Long-term data on the risk of colorectal cancer according to dose, duration, and consistency of aspirin therapy are limited...

..In numerous studies, alcohol intake has been found to be positively associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the majority of studies included only one exposure measurement, which may bias the results if long-term intake is relevant...

..These data provide little support for the hypothesis of an association between flavonoid intake and colorectal cancer risk, at least within the ranges of intakes consumed in the populations studied...

..Although blood donations may reduce body iron stores, to date, prospective data on frequent blood donation and colorectal cancer risk are limited...

..77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.07; P value for difference between colon and rectal cancer = 0.20). These data suggest an inverse association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer, with a stronger association for rectal cancer...

..However, the clinical, pathological, molecular and prognostic features of IGF2BP3-positive colorectal cancers remain uncertain...

..Higher total calcium and vitamin D intakes were associated with reduced risk, and the actions of vitamin D may be attenuated by high retinol intake...

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