Paige L Williams

..Minor losses in efficiency when comparing AE rates between persons exposed and unexposed in utero to particular antiretroviral drugs or drug classes were observed under most scenarios...

..To evaluate the predictive value of baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 lymphocyte counts and early changes in these markers after initiating antiretroviral therapy on the risk of development of specific opportunistic infections (OIs)...

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..Although participant characteristics are difficult to modify, the authors identified several potentially modifiable site practices that could be targeted to improve retention...

..Although ARV use has significantly reduced mother-to-child transmission to <2% in the United States, it remains crucial to monitor uninfected infants and children for adverse consequences of in utero ARV exposure...

..However, few studies have fully explored associations with other factors to guide development of adherence interventions...

..Animal studies have demonstrated that timing of pubertal onset can be altered by prenatal exposure to dioxins or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but studies of human populations have been quite limited...

..Animal data demonstrate associations of dioxin, furan, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures with altered male gonadal maturation. It is unclear whether these associations apply to human populations...

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..Fuel-oil ash was a major contributor to boilermakers' exposure to PM(10) and metals. Vanadium concentrations sometimes exceeded the 2003 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value...

..We evaluated the association of blood lead levels (BLLs) with pubertal onset in a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys...

..Limited human data suggest an association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with adverse effects on children's growth...

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..Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...

..Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with hypercholesterolemia in HIV-infected children. Few longitudinal studies have been conducted to examine this association, however...

..Prenatal HAART exposure has increased but is not universal. As ARV use during pregnancy continues to evolve, follow-up of children is needed to assess long-term effects of ARV exposures...

..We evaluated the associations of serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with longitudinally assessed growth measurements among peripubertal Russian boys...

..These demographic and lifestyle predictors showed generally similar associations with the various measures of serum dioxins, furans, and PCBs...

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..Whether genetic polymorphisms may modify this association is currently unknown. Identifying such genes could provide insight into mechanistic pathways. This is one of the first studies to assess genetic susceptibility to dioxins...

..We evaluated periodontitis in relation to preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA, birth weight below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age) among a group of medically insured women...

..Phthalates can alter steroidogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)mediated transcription in rodent tissues. The placenta offers a rich source of biomarkers to study these relationships in humans...

..Although urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites are frequently used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, variability during pregnancy has not been characterized...

..These data suggest that DEHP may interfere with signaling related to the timing of parturition...

..Given that HIV infection is chronic and that exposure to HAART is likely to be life-long, there is a need to evaluate the long-term effect of HAART on survival in this population...

..In experimental animals, BPA increases embryo implantation failure and reduces litter size...

..Breast-feeding and diet are two important contributors to early life exposure. To further understand other significant contributors to childhood exposure, we studied a cohort of children from a city with high environmental dioxin levels...

..Some studies have detected associations between in utero antiretroviral therapy (ARV) exposure and birth defects but evidence is inconclusive...

..Parabens are suspected endocrine disruptors and ubiquitous preservatives used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods. No studies have assessed the variability of parabens in women, including during pregnancy...

..Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention...

..Gestational phthalate and bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may increase the risk of adverse maternal/child health outcomes, but there are few data on the variability of urinary biomarkers before and during pregnancy...

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..Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are persistent chlorinated pesticides with endocrine activity that may adversely affect the early stages of human reproduction...

..Lead exposure has been associated with delayed pubertal onset in girls; however, epidemiologic data in boys are limited...

..Programs to prevent substance use should target both HIV-infected and uninfected adolescents living in families affected by HIV infection, particularly those with psychiatric symptoms...

..29). Oral disease was associated with excess cardiovascular disease risk, independent of genetic factors. There appear to be common pathogenetic mechanisms between poor oral health and cardiovascular disease...

..No deletions were found. The long-term significance of these small but potentially important alterations should continue to be studied as these children enter adolescence and adulthood...

..In 2007, 17.9 million people in the United States had diagnosed diabetes, and 5.7 million had undiagnosed diabetes. The authors developed a clinical guideline to help dentists identify patients with undiagnosed diabetes...

..We postulate that the variant MBL-2 genotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...

..We report on methodologic challenges to be considered in study design...

..We examined the relationship between periodontitis and CRP among women who provided dental radiographs and had blood collected during early pregnancy, excluding smokers and diabetic patients...

..We sought to develop an algorithm and estimate unmeasured exposures to particulate matter (PM) and metals in an epidemiologic study of boilermakers...