Paige L Williams

..Programs to prevent substance use should target both HIV-infected and uninfected adolescents living in families affected by HIV infection, particularly those with psychiatric symptoms...

..We evaluated the association of blood lead levels (BLLs) with pubertal onset in a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys...

..Individual factors in arsenic biotransformation may influence disease susceptibility. GST activity is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including catalyzing the formation of arsenic-GSH conjugates...

..Animal studies have demonstrated that timing of pubertal onset can be altered by prenatal exposure to dioxins or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but studies of human populations have been quite limited...

..Animal data demonstrate associations of dioxin, furan, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures with altered male gonadal maturation. It is unclear whether these associations apply to human populations...

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..We evaluated periodontitis in relation to preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA, birth weight below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age) among a group of medically insured women...

..These demographic and lifestyle predictors showed generally similar associations with the various measures of serum dioxins, furans, and PCBs...

..We evaluated the associations of serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with longitudinally assessed growth measurements among peripubertal Russian boys...

..Lead exposure has been associated with delayed pubertal onset in girls; however, epidemiologic data in boys are limited...

..Although urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites are frequently used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, variability during pregnancy has not been characterized...

..Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with hypercholesterolemia in HIV-infected children. Few longitudinal studies have been conducted to examine this association, however...

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..These data suggest that DEHP may interfere with signaling related to the timing of parturition...

..Phthalates can alter steroidogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)mediated transcription in rodent tissues. The placenta offers a rich source of biomarkers to study these relationships in humans...

..Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...

..Minor losses in efficiency when comparing AE rates between persons exposed and unexposed in utero to particular antiretroviral drugs or drug classes were observed under most scenarios...

..29). Oral disease was associated with excess cardiovascular disease risk, independent of genetic factors. There appear to be common pathogenetic mechanisms between poor oral health and cardiovascular disease...

..Prenatal HAART exposure has increased but is not universal. As ARV use during pregnancy continues to evolve, follow-up of children is needed to assess long-term effects of ARV exposures...

..These results extend our understanding of the adverse health effects of the metals component of ambient PM(2.5)...

..In experimental animals, BPA increases embryo implantation failure and reduces litter size...

..Although participant characteristics are difficult to modify, the authors identified several potentially modifiable site practices that could be targeted to improve retention...

..Breast-feeding and diet are two important contributors to early life exposure. To further understand other significant contributors to childhood exposure, we studied a cohort of children from a city with high environmental dioxin levels...

..Although ARV use has significantly reduced mother-to-child transmission to <2% in the United States, it remains crucial to monitor uninfected infants and children for adverse consequences of in utero ARV exposure...

..We examined the relationship between periodontitis and CRP among women who provided dental radiographs and had blood collected during early pregnancy, excluding smokers and diabetic patients...

..Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention...

..Given that HIV infection is chronic and that exposure to HAART is likely to be life-long, there is a need to evaluate the long-term effect of HAART on survival in this population...

..Fuel-oil ash was a major contributor to boilermakers' exposure to PM(10) and metals. Vanadium concentrations sometimes exceeded the 2003 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value...

..Gestational phthalate and bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may increase the risk of adverse maternal/child health outcomes, but there are few data on the variability of urinary biomarkers before and during pregnancy...

..Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are persistent chlorinated pesticides with endocrine activity that may adversely affect the early stages of human reproduction...

..Some studies have detected associations between in utero antiretroviral therapy (ARV) exposure and birth defects but evidence is inconclusive...

..In 2007, 17.9 million people in the United States had diagnosed diabetes, and 5.7 million had undiagnosed diabetes. The authors developed a clinical guideline to help dentists identify patients with undiagnosed diabetes...

..We postulate that the variant MBL-2 genotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...

..No deletions were found. The long-term significance of these small but potentially important alterations should continue to be studied as these children enter adolescence and adulthood...

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..64, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 22.96) versus indicated delivery (odds ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.44, 4.61). These findings suggest that very high CRP levels in early pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery...

..We report on methodologic challenges to be considered in study design...

..Serum low-density lipoprotein levels were reduced by statin therapy, and there were fewer incidents of AMI in statin initiators than in noninitiators...

..However, few studies have fully explored associations with other factors to guide development of adherence interventions...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal an association between cardiac autonomic function and environmental PM2.5 exposure. These observed associations may result from decreased vagal or increased sympathetic tone...

..65, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.89). These findings are compatible with the hypotheses that adult oral diseases are associated with the probability of exposure in childhood and that earlier age at exposure lowers risk...