Shelley Tworoger

..Two large prospective cohort studies of dietary acrylamide intake and ovarian cancer risk observed a positive association, although two other studies reported no association...

..Sex and growth hormones are positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of multiple hormones simultaneously...

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..40. Although we observed a large range of CVs and ICCs, sufficient numbers of peaks had reasonable ICCs to suggest that protein peak reproducibility over 3 years was reasonable among postmenopausal women not taking hormones...

..34-1.28), and among women with the Ff or ff genotype the OR was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.43-1.18). Our results of an association with the Fok1 VDR polymorphism further support a role of the vitamin D pathway in ovarian carcinogenesis...

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..There was little evidence that folate, methionine, and vitamin B(6) are important in ovarian cancer risk, although dietary folate was inversely associated with risk in some analyses...

..Furthermore, tubal ligation, intrauterine device use, and infertility were associated with ovarian cancer risk...

..Future research directions include better characterizing the potential interplay between prolactin and estrogen and determining whether genetic variability in prolactin-related genes is associated with breast cancer risk...

..However, the lack of an association with prospective cognitive decline warrants further investigation...

..Our results suggest that effects on premenopausal sex hormone levels may be one mechanism through which adult adiposity, but not birthweight or childhood body size, affects premenopausal breast cancer risk...

..Therefore, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts examining the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and breast cancer risk...

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..However, we observed significant associations in some subgroups, which should be evaluated further in other studies because increasing vitamin D intake is an easy preventive measure to adopt...

..Overall, epidemiologic data suggest that prolactin is involved in breast cancer etiology. Further research to better elucidate these associations and their underlying mechanisms is warranted...

..Therefore, the associations between these exposures and ovarian cancer risk were prospectively examined among 110,454 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) for the smoking analyses and 80,253 women for the dietary analyses...

..bottom, relative risks were 0.65 and 0.70, respectively). Overall, these results do not support a positive association between circulating androgen levels and ovarian cancer risk...

..These cross-sectional results suggest that physical activity and inactivity have limited associations with premenopausal sex hormone and growth factor levels, except possibly luteal estrogens...

..Our data suggest a modest positive association between prolactin and breast cancer risk among predominately premenopausal women; however, further follow-up is needed to increase power for subgroup analyses...

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..The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with actigraphic and subjective sleep quality in young women...

..The intervention magnetic field had no effect on sleep patterns, suggesting that this exposure may not be an important factor in predicting sleep of young women who sleep at home...

..Our prospective data suggest that plasma prolactin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ cancers, and independently of estradiol...

..Of particular interest was the IGFBP3 SNP rs2270628, which was associated with both increased IGF1 plasma levels and higher ovarian cancer risk...

..These genes metabolize estrogens and androgens, which are important in body fat regulation...

..Overall, our results do not support a positive association between IGF-related proteins and ovarian cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1691-5)...

..86 and RR = 0.92, respectively; P(heterogeneity) = 0.03). Body fatness at young ages has a strong and independent inverse relation to breast cancer risk throughout life...

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..These results suggest that bias can be artificially introduced into intervention effect estimates of longitudinal studies if samples from a subject are not assayed in the same batch...

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..9 ng/mL vs. 14.3 ng/mL, p=0.04) but not postmenopausal (p=0.73) women. In conclusion, the associations of parity and family history with breast cancer risk may be mediated, at least in part, by prolactin levels...

..This finding adds to the evidence that the PR has an important etiologic role in breast cancer and should be evaluated in future studies...

..Furthermore, we did not observe any clear gene-environment interactions between caffeine metabolizing genes and ovarian cancer. Future studies evaluating mechanisms by which coffee mediates this relationship are warranted...

..03). Results suggest that associations with several ovarian cancer risk factors vary by subtype, and these differences are consistent with known similarities between each major histologic subtype and its normal tissue counterpart...

..Our data do not support the hypothesis that the relationship between factors involved in one-carbon metabolism and ovarian cancer risk differs by FRalpha status of the tumor...

..Future studies are needed to clarify further which lifestyle factors modulate androgen levels...

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..Night shift work has been associated with higher risks of breast and endometrial cancer, but few studies have evaluated associations with other reproductive cancers...

..In this large prospective study, the authors found no compelling evidence to support an association between regular use of aspirin, nonaspirin NSAIDs, or acetaminophen and ovarian cancer incidence...

..Reproductive and hormonal risk factors are associated with subgroups of ovarian cancer defined by histologic subtype or ERalpha and PR status. These finding support specific models of hormone mediated triggers of ovarian cancer...

..Caffeine intake may decrease risk of breast and ovarian cancer, although the data are not entirely consistent. Whether or not caffeine affects cancer risk by altering sex hormone levels is currently unknown...

..The significant positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2-OH:16-OH estrone ratio among women with ER-negative/PR-negative tumors needs to be replicated in future studies...

..To examine the association of biomarkers of inflammation with preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..These results suggest that women with certain genetic variants may have a higher risk of ovarian cancer associated with genital talc use. Additional research is needed on these interactions and the underlying biological mechanisms...

..Temporal variability of biomarkers should be evaluated before their use in epidemiologic studies...

..04). Among postmenopausal women, regular users of aspirin and other analgesics may have lower estrogen levels than nonusers, which could contribute to a decreased risk of breast or ovarian cancer among analgesic users...

..The differential effect of hip circumference based on menopausal status requires further confirmation...

..However, given the findings of previous studies and the biologic plausibility of this association, additional studies are warranted...

..01). In conclusion, this large pooled analysis did not support an overall association between circulating 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer risk, except possibly among overweight women...

..16-1.18 per allele at the alpha=0.05 level in the pooled analysis. Our results do not provide strong support for an association between these breast cancer susceptibility alleles and epithelial ovarian cancer risk...

..Tissue microarrays (TMAs) allow high-throughput evaluation of protein expression from archived tissue samples. We identified characteristics specific to ovarian cancer that may influence TMA interpretation...

..Our results suggest that childhood and adult body size may affect premenopausal breast cancer risk differently than birth weight, through associations with IGF and GH levels...

..Although the exercise intervention had little effect on prolactin concentrations overall, increasing physical fitness was associated with reduced prolactin concentrations among postmenopausal women...

..We prospectively evaluated associations between plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women in a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II...

..These associations did not differ by age, body mass index, or waist-to-hip ratio. Overall, higher levels of insulin and c-peptide were not associated with a higher risk of breast cancer among predominantly premenopausal women...

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..05). In this prospective study, we found no convincing evidence for an association between sleep duration and the incidence of breast cancer...

..Neither SNP is independently associated with overall breast cancer risk. Some indication of gene-by-gene interaction was observed; however, no consistent direction of interaction was apparent...

..To describe the association between breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk in two prospective cohorts...

..Additional studies are needed to confirm this association and to explore the mechanisms through which blood group may influence ovarian cancer risk...

..This study points to abnormal fetal circulation, either in the form of congenital heart disease or oligohydramnios predisposing to cord compression, as a risk factor for FTV...

..In summary, ghrelin levels increase with weight loss achieved without reduced food intake, consistent with a role for ghrelin in the adaptive response constraining weight loss and, thus, in long-term body weight regulation...

..Adiponectin and resistin are recently discovered adipokines that may provide a molecular link between adiposity and type 2 diabetes...

..31 (95% CI: 2.03 to 2.63) in men and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.44 to 1.72) in women. Plasma 25(OH)D levels are inversely associated with risk of incident hypertension...

..Many ovarian carcinomas are presumed to arise within ovarian cortical inclusion cysts (CICs). This study examined the frequency of ovarian CICs in relation to epidemiologic risk factors in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA+) mutations...

..Thus, we examined ovarian cancer risk in relation to two functional polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) in the MTHFR gene...

..If confirmed, these results would provide an important target for ovarian cancer prevention...

..This study examined the relationship of putative ovarian cancer risk factors with the presence of p53 signatures in women with BRCA mutations (BRCA+)...

..The association between increased physical activity and reduced risk for postmenopausal breast cancer may be partly explained by effects on serum estrogens...

..This study examined the association between adiposity and concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women with breast cancer...

..Increased fitness was associated with improvements in sleep. However, the effect of moderate-intensity exercise may depend on the amount of exercise and time of day it is performed...

..The association between exercise and breast cancer risk may be partly explained by the effects of exercise on these hormones...

..CONCLUSIONS: Exercise does not seem to decrease the risk of having menopause symptoms in overweight, postmenopausal women not taking hormone therapy and may increase the severity of some symptoms in a small number of women...

..Thus, this 12-month moderate intensity exercise intervention did not significantly alter urinary excretion of 2-OH E(1), 16alpha-OH E(1), or their ratio in this population of women...

..These results suggest that interindividual variability in intestinal bacteria may be related to differences in products of hormone metabolism in post-menopausal women...

..This study provides further evidence that genetic variation may appreciably alter sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women not taking hormone therapy...

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..We examined the patterns of adherence to a yearlong exercise intervention and the influence of demographic, physiologic, and psychosocial variables on patterns of adherence among 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women...

..These null results for SNPs identified from relatively large initial studies shows the importance of replicating associations by a consortium approach...

..These results provide little evidence that the CYP17, CYP1B1, and COMT polymorphisms are associated with different sex hormone levels in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors...

..If other behaviors do change with increasing physical activity, this would complicate interpretation of differences in study outcomes in exercise intervention trials...

..Although the wire code detected less than half of electrical configuration changes, misclassification of exposure over time may change odds ratios and mask possible dose-response relationships...

..CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study does not support the hypothesis that reproductive or menstrual factors, with the exception of oophorectomy status, are associated with postmenopausal androgen concentrations...

..Our study indicates that bulk mail may be more cost-effective than first-class mail for recruitment into intervention trials and that older women are willing to participate in such studies...

..This is not consistent with the hormone therapy literature and should be confirmed in larger studies...

..These results are promising for health care providers providing advice to postmenopausal women for lifestyle changes to reduce risk of insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and diabetes...

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..Finally, decisions about these issues depend primarily on the scientific questions of most interest, cost, flexibility, and resources...

..CONCLUSION: It appears that a year long moderate-intensity exercise program alone does not significantly alter serum lipoprotein levels among overweight/obese postmenopausal women...

..This potentially may affect public health by increasing our understanding of how breast cancer develops, which in turn can lead to a better understanding of how to prevent this disease. ..

..This potentially may affect public health by increasing our understanding of how breast cancer develops, which in turn can lead to a better understanding of how to prevent this disease. ..

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