RAVI I THADHANI

..Vitamin D is associated with decreased cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, possibly by modifying cardiac structure and function, yet firm evidence for either remains lacking...

..To find whether pulse pressure, a measure of arterial compliance, is associated early in pregnancy with increased risk of developing preeclampsia...

..7-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.3-351.0) in the third (<12 pg/ml) compared with the first (>39 pg/ml) PlGF tertile. First trimester serum levels of PlGF and sFlt1 may identify women at high risk for PE...

..We sought to examine the association between early pregnancy levels of sex hormone binding globulin and subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus, an association that has not been studied previously...

..1, 95% CI 1.7 to 134.9; high PlGF and low SHBG, OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.45 to 38.2; low PlGF and high SHBG, OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 60.3. Altered angiogenesis and insulin resistance are additive insults that lead to preeclampsia...

..In chronic kidney disease (CKD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation attenuates LVH progression in animal models...

..S. Renal Data System was 19.6% in 2007. This estimate has historically excluded the first 90 days of chronic dialysis...

..Little is known about the characteristics of patients with Fabry disease that initiate dialysis in the United States, although data from Europe suggests these individuals have a poor survival...

..Removing sFlt-1 may benefit women with very preterm (<32 weeks) preeclampsia...

..Furthermore, important mechanistic differences exist in the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension comparing nulliparous and multiparous women...

..To select an optimal early (<20 weeks) marker, we prospectively compared 3 serum markers examined simultaneously in a single cohort...

..Hence, bioavailable vitamin D levels are better correlated with measures of mineral metabolism than total levels in patients on hemodialysis...

..This study was conducted to determine whether routinely measured clinical and demographic parameters could identify dialysis patients who are vitamin D deficient...

..Women with a history of preeclampsia demonstrate altered expression of angiogenesis-related proteins and increased HOMA(IR) more than 1 yr postpartum. These factors may contribute to their risk of future CVD...

..These data suggest that first trimester total and free 25(OH)D levels are not independently associated with first trimester blood pressure or subsequent preeclampsia...

..Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension are highly prevalent. This review will discuss the association between vitamin D deficiency and blood pressure...

..This review discusses observational and available clinical trial evidence about the effects of both calcitriol and vitamin D analogs (active) and ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (nutritional) vitamin D in patients with CKD and ESRD...

..Randomized, controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces mortality...

..First trimester SHBG levels may be a useful biomarker for preeclampsia, especially among lean women who otherwise would be perceived to be at low risk...

..Hyperphosphatemia and low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease, but the effect of the level of FGF-23 on mortality is unknown...

..Although the optimal timing and dosage of vitamin D supplementation require further study, our findings may assist future efforts to correct low levels of 25(OH)D among New Zealand mothers and their newborn children...

..Further studies should determine whether treatment differences based on biologic differences contribute to disparities in other conditions...

..In a study by Zhou et al., ablation of the 1alpha-hydroxylase gene led to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and systolic dysfunction, and this cardiac phenotype was rescued with exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D administration...

..This article reviews vitamin D metabolism, emerging new roles for vitamin D, and data surrounding the potential importance of nutritional sources of vitamin D in the management of patients with CKD...

....

..9 to 33.5). Worsening renal function correlated with pGSN decline in 53 subjects with CKD not on dialysis. In summary, low pGSN and detectable circulating actin identify chronic hemodialysis patients at highest risk for 1-yr mortality...

..Results of several epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that there is an excess risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in persons with suboptimal intake of vitamin D...

..We tested the hypothesis that increased inflammation, measured early in pregnancy, is associated with the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a precursor of type 2 diabetes...

..Although gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes share certain pathophysiological mechanisms, few studies have examined inflammation and risk of GDM...

..Efforts to improve postpartum DM screening in this high-risk group are warranted...

..Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with substantially lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the relationship between alcohol intake and inflammatory markers to partially explain this beneficial effect...

..The initial presentation of hypertension during pregnancy in Hispanic women most likely represents early preeclampsia...

..These findings have potential therapeutic applications for placental disorders associated with altered NK cell biology...

..30, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS First-trimester FSTL3 levels are associated with glucose intolerance and GDM later in pregnancy...

....

..However, the effect of moderate alcohol consumption; the specific effects of wine, beer, and liquor; and the pattern of drinking in relation to risk of hypertension among young women are unclear...

..Therefore, pGSN deficiency appears to be a powerful biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CKD patients...

..Several of these nontraditional actions are reviewed with an emphasis on those that might impact hemodialysis outcomes...

....

..In summary, this study demonstrates the application of metabolite profiling to identify markers of ESRD, provide perspective on uremic dyslipidemia, and broaden our understanding of the biochemical effects of hemodialysis...

..Randomized clinical trials would permit definitive conclusions...

..Given the possibility of confounding by indication, randomized trials are needed to determine definitively the risk and benefit of these medications...

..Additional studies are needed to verify these findings and to further examine ethnic differences in angiogenesis factors and their potential impact on the incidence of preeclampsia...

....

..Erythropoietin acts through the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) present in erythroblasts. Alternative mRNA splicing produces a soluble form of EpoR (sEpoR) found in human blood, however its role in anemia is not known...

..We sought to determine first- and second-trimester serum soluble Fas (sFas) and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in idiopathic small-for-gestational-age (SGA) pregnancies...

..Previous studies focused on prevalent dialysis patients and examined single measurements of NT-proBNP in time...

..Reviewed here is the current state of research on the biology and the significance of vascular calcification in ESRD, the role of vitamin D therapy in its development, and options for management...

..Although confirmatory studies are needed in the dialysis setting, future placebo-controlled, randomized trials of phosphorus binders might focus on predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and normal serum phosphate levels...

..This article reviews the role of vitamin D therapy in CKD and looks to the answers that future research may bring...

..Future trials are needed to determine whether short daily hemodialysis can reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population...

..This article provides an overview of the data, with special emphasis on the work published in the last 2 years...

..We examined whether proteomic technologies identify novel urine proteins associated with subsequent development of diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes before evidence of microalbuminuria...

..Potential steps moving forward in light of these observational studies are subsequently discussed...

..Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine causality...

..In summary, PC attenuates the development of LV alterations in DSS rats, and these effects should be examined in human clinical trials...

..Because prior work suggests an association between high insulin concentrations in early pregnancy and excess gestational weight gain, we examined such associations in a prospective cohort...

..If consistent with the recent observations, these studies may provide nephrologists with an intervention to alter the otherwise poor outcomes in patients with kidney disease...

..To examine the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with twin compared with singleton pregnancies...

..The professional judgment of a healthcare provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case, will always supersede these recommendations...

..In conclusion, the cleaved ectodomain of hKIM-1 can be detected in the urine of patients with RCC and may serve as a new biomarker for early detection of RCC...

..Our data suggest that a specific Klotho variant (rs577912) is linked to survival in ESRD patients initiating chronic hemodialysis and that therapy with activated vitamin D may modify this risk...

....

..The purposes of this study are to identify a suitable metric of long-term BPV in this population and determine whether an association between BPV and all-cause mortality exists...