H G Pope

..In an 8-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the authors administered a testosterone transdermal gel to men aged 30-65 who had refractory depression and low or borderline testosterone levels...

..The authors examined trends in the prevalence of substance use and its relationship to attributes of life style among college students over a 30-year period...

..It seems likely that such long-term effects, if they exist, are subtle and not clinically disabling--at least in the majority of cases...

..The authors tested the hypothesis that men in modern Western societies would desire to have a much leaner and more muscular body than the body they actually had or perceived themselves to have...

..Field studies of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid users suggest that some develop manic or aggressive reactions to these drugs-a potential public health problem. However, controlled laboratory evaluations of these effects remain limited...

..Individuals who initiate cannabis use at an early age, when the brain is still developing, might be more vulnerable to lasting neuropsychological deficits than individuals who begin use later in life...

..In particular, the authors compared current versus past AAS users and short-term versus long-term users in this respect...

..We attempted to track scientific interest in dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder by estimating the annual output of publications regarding these entities over the last 20 years...

..To assess anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users' trust in the knowledge and advice of physicians...

..Muscle dysmorphia is a form of body dysmorphic disorder in which individuals develop a pathological preoccupation with their muscularity...

..To assess the relative roles of body fat, body perception, and body ideals as motivations for dieting in college women...

..Although numerous studies have documented the psychiatric and physiological effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in males, virtually no studies have investigated the effects of illicit AAS use in women...

..CONCLUSION: Some cognitive deficits appear detectable at least 7 days after heavy cannabis use but appear reversible and related to recent cannabis exposure rather than irreversible and related to cumulative lifetime use...

..To compare the opinions of Canadian psychiatrists regarding dissociative disorder diagnoses with those of previously surveyed American psychiatrists...

..To better resolve this issue, however, it will be important to study larger samples of chronic, frequent hallucinogen users who have not often used other types of drugs...

..Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) dependence has been a recognized syndrome for some 20 years, but remains poorly understood...

..Uncontrolled reports have suggested that serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be effective in treating this disorder...

..This study compared the efficacy of divalproex, lithium, and placebo as prophylactic therapy...

..These observations have implications for the clinical management of patients with a history of EMS and for interpretation of studies of the longterm outcome of EMS...

..Thus, it seems important to understand why heavy users continue to smoke regularly for years, despite acknowledging these negative effects. Such an understanding may guide the development of strategies to treat cannabis dependence...

..At present, however, little is known about prior AAS use among men entering inpatient substance abuse treatment...

..These findings suggest that AAS use may be most likely to occur in men with high levels of antisocial traits and low levels of body esteem...

..These data do not support the hypothesis that high-dose AAS treatment enhances endogenous opioid activity in rhesus monkeys in a way that produces opioid tolerance or dependence...

..In response to this change, the male body may have gained in relative importance as one of the few surviving marks of masculinity. We hypothesized that these trends might be quantified by using a commercial measure such as advertising...

..These findings suggest that major psychiatric symptoms may be a common adverse effect of these drugs...

..We sought to estimate the prevalence of these forms of drug use in American gymnasiums...

..However, the long-term residual psychological and cognitive effects of hallucinogens remain poorly understood...

..Such situations often arise when studying chronic or episodic conditions with low mortality, such as psychiatric disorders...

..However, it remains unclear whether BED represents an etiologically distinct behavioral phenotype of obesity or simply a nonspecific eating pattern sometimes seen in obese individuals...

..The aim of the study was to collect appropriate data on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this condition and to suggest guidelines for its management...

..For illustration, we applied our method to a family study of binge eating disorder and bipolar disorder...

..Research on the effects of psilocybin and LSD on cluster headache may be warranted...

..We asked whether 'dissociative amnesia' was similarly documented throughout history...

..These findings suggest that while CBV levels begin to normalize with continued abstinence from cannabis, specifically in frontal areas, other temporal and cerebellar brain regions show slower CBV decreases...

..Collectively, these findings suggest that AAS dependence may be diagnosed reliably, with preliminary evidence for construct and discriminant validity...

..This study assessed the stability of binge eating disorder in a community sample...

..It would be of interest to extend the investigation beyond 6-36 hr of abstinence from cannabis to determine whether increased CBV values persist for several weeks or eventually normalize...

..This equivalence suggests that in a treatment-seeking population, caution should be exercised in attributing the PTSD syndrome to trauma...

..Little population-based data exist on the prevalence or correlates of eating disorders...

..Two predictions of the ASD hypothesis were tested: ASD, taken as a single entity, aggregates in families; and fibromyalgia coaggregates with other forms of ASD in families...

..Although it may be difficult to collect large samples of HPPD cases, further studies are critically needed to augment the meager data presently available regarding the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of HPPD...

..Two predictions of the ASD hypothesis were tested: that ASD, taken as a single entity, would aggregate in families and that MDD would coaggregate with other forms of ASD in families...

..The possibility remains that testosterone might benefit a particular subgroup of depressed men, but if so, the characteristics of this subgroup would still need to be established...

..Binge-eating disorder may represent a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome...

..Indeed, the opioid antagonist naltrexone blocks AAS dependence in animals. By inference, pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for human opioid dependence might also benefit AAS-dependent individuals...

..To systematically review the existing literature on third branchial arch anomalies and suggest guidelines for their management...

..Most MDMA users, however, use other illicit drugs as well, so it is difficult to be certain that these deficits are due to MDMA, as opposed to other drug use or additional confounding factors...

..However, the accumulation of data about marijuana use in adolescents has the potential to enable the development of more effective prevention and treatment programs...

..These symptoms were most pronounced during the initial 10 days of abstinence, but some were present for the entire 28-day withdrawal period. These findings support the notion of a marijuana withdrawal syndrome in humans...

..The senior members of this population are now entering middle age; they represent the leading wave of a new type of aging former substance abusers, with specific medical and psychiatric risks...

..This article concludes that the "risk or cluster of risks" that must be disclosed to a patient recovering repressed memories in psychotherapy should have included warnings about recovering false memories...

..CONCLUSIONS: Body image dissatisfaction in boys is common and often associated with distress. To better assess this phenomenon, future studies should take care to separate the indices of muscle and fat...

..We reviewed evidence from prospective studies to test whether individuals can develop amnesia for traumatic experiences, a process variously termed 'repression', 'dissociative amnesia' or 'psychogenic amnesia'...

..We questioned whether AAS use among teenage girls was as widespread as claimed...

..Finally, AAS may cause a dependence syndrome in a substantial minority of users. AAS dependence may pose a growing public health problem in future years but remains little studied...

..We compared cardiac parameters in weightlifters reporting long-term AAS use to those in otherwise similar weightlifters without prior AAS exposure...

..These findings are consistent with recent literature suggesting that cannabis use is not associated with structural changes within the brain as a whole or the hippocampus in particular...

..Here we review the accumulating human and animal evidence showing that AAS may cause a distinct dependence syndrome, often associated with adverse psychiatric and medical effects...

..These same groups are also frequent users of the Internet. The authors sought to characterize the extent of information about hallucinogens available to Internet users...

..In comparison with the univariate model, the multivariate models provided greater flexibility, improved precision, and wider generality for interpreting aggregation effects...

..To assess the efficacy of duloxetine for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)...

..Further investigation of the Gln/Glu ratio as a possible early biomarker of response to glutamate-modulating therapies is warranted...

..These results suggest that residual diminished brain activation is still observed after discontinuing cannabis use in motor cortical circuits...

..However, it should be recognized that these suggestions are tentative and will likely require revision as additional data become available...

..To review the findings from pharmacologic trials of binge eating disorder (BED) and to provide guidelines for pharmacologic treatment...

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..These results suggest that recently abstinent chronic cannabis smokers produce reduced activation in motor cortical areas in response to finger sequencing compared to controls...

..We present five clinical cases that raise ethical dilemmas concerning patient gift giving in psychiatry and discuss each case from the standpoint of the pragmatic model...

..These observations suggest that differing cultural values regarding speed and accuracy may influence MRT performance--and that these values must be considered in future studies of testosterone and MRT measures...

..This study sought to examine the effects of media images on men's attitudes toward their body appearance...

..We used data from that type of study to assess the co-occurrence of various psychiatric and medical disorders with DSM-IV BED and with subthreshold BED...

..We sought to assess the relative roles of body fat ideals and body fat perception in men with eating disorders...

..To estimate the familiality and heritability of binge eating disorder (BED)...

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..These factors may explain why body dysmorphic disorder and anabolic steroid abuse are more serious problems in the West than in Taiwan...

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..These data are the first outside of North America to show lower testosterone levels among fathers, and lend support to the theoretical view that male testosterone levels differ according to mating and parenting effort...