Tobias Pischon

..We therefore aimed to identify and discuss current epidemiological data on the prevalence of obesity in European countries...

..This discrepancy may be related to differences in fat distribution between sexes or to the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women...

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..Subsequent analyses will extend this approach to non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes and to further dietary, biochemical and genetic factors...

..To examine the association between anthropometry and endometrial cancer, particularly by menopausal status and exogenous hormone use subgroups...

..Prospective data on the importance of established risk factors for myocardial infarction in Germany are sparse...

..The relative risk reductions are most apparent for household activities...

..No clear colorectal cancer risk associations were observed for IGFBP-1 or -2. This large prospective study confirms that hyperinsulinemia, as determined by C-peptide levels, is associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk...

..Consideration of LDL-C beyond smoking, diabetes and hypertension may increase the PAF of MI slightly more than CRP. In contrast, consideration of CRP but not of LDL-C may increase the PAF of stroke beyond these factors...

..Resistin, a recently discovered hormone, is purportedly involved in metabolic and inflammatory processes in humans and may thus be an important marker to assess disease risk in large-scale epidemiological studies...

..This study examined whether inflammation adds to the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) beyond metabolic syndrome (MetS), and whether these associations differ between sexes...

..The objective was to examine the association of 5 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin locus with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men and women...

..Previous studies suggest that high plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may reduce the risk of prostate cancer...

..These results support the hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk...

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..The relationship of specific fruit and vegetable subgroups with RCC risk warrant further investigation...

..However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined...

..Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with substantially lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the relationship between alcohol intake and inflammatory markers to partially explain this beneficial effect...

..Furthermore, we examined the relationship between physical activity and insulin sensitivity (insulin, C-peptide, and hemoglobin A(1c) levels) and whether inflammatory markers mediate this association...

..Studies suggest that the A12 allele is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes; however, data on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) are scarce and controversial...

..It has been hypothesized that this may be due, in part, to the parallel rising prevalence of obesity. It is biologically plausible that anthropometric characteristics can infuence the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma...

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..However, little is known about dietary predictors of plasma adiponectin concentrations in humans...

..Although plasma lipid levels were more strongly associated with an increased risk than were inflammatory markers, the level of C-reactive protein remained a significant contributor to the prediction of coronary heart disease...

..Adiponectin, a recently discovered adipocyte-derived peptide, is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and lipid oxidation and, purportedly, in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans...

..Systemic inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of such conditions; however, relations between TFA intake and systemic inflammation are not well established...

..Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake favorably affects chronic inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease; however, high intake of n-6 fatty acids may attenuate the known beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids...

..01). None of the associations differed significantly by fasting status. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities and obesity may act synergistically to increase endometrial cancer risk...

..The effects of weight loss and pharmacological management on morbidity and mortality in obese hypertensive patients remains to be addressed in prospective trials...

..The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B(12) in a large prospective cohort...

..Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis...

..The role of antiobesity drugs in the management of the obese hypertensive patient also remains to be defined...

..However, the results from more recent prospective studies do not support this hypothesis, and the possible association between different food sources of fat and prostate cancer risk also remains unclear...

..To examine the association between plasma resistin levels and the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women...

..Some studies suggest that elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and, in particular, with an increased risk of advanced-stage prostate cancer...

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..50-1.35 for most active versus inactive). Future studies should consider including measurements of waist and hip circumference, to further investigate the relationship between central adiposity and the risk of pancreatic cancer...

..Dietary recommendations should consider the potential benefit of increasing fruits and vegetables consumption for reducing the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, particularly at low intake...

..Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is decreased in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome, all of which are well-established risk factors for endometrial cancer...

..Our data give further credence to public health efforts aiming to reduce the prevalence of obesity to prevent RCC, in addition to other chronic diseases...

..We found that physical activity reduced colon cancer risk, specifically for right-sided tumors and for lean participants, but not rectal cancer...

..These paradoxical changes are consistent with previous studies in healthy subjects and suggest a combination of peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms...

..In addition to an overall inverse association with fruit intake, the results of this evaluation add evidence for a significant inverse association of vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence in smokers...

..The statistical method described may be helpful as an additional tool for analyzing epidemiologic cohort data and for interpreting results obtained from Cox regression models with adjustment for different covariates...