P K Newby

..We hypothesized that significant differences would be observed among population sub-groups and that the effects of race on dietary intakes would vary across regions...

..Observational studies suggest that a plant-based diet is inversely related to body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity...

..Testing whether patterns measured over a long time period can be used in analytic studies is the next step in assessing the validity of this method...

..005 for all). Given these observed differences in dietary intakes, more research is needed to understand if and how they play a role in the health disparities and chronic disease risks observed among racial groups and regions in the US...

....

..To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity...

..Despite the growing use of patterning methods in nutritional epidemiology, a direct comparison of factor and cluster analysis methods has not been performed...

..Sixty-five percent of US adults are overweight, and 31% of these adults are obese. Obesity results from weight gains over time; however, dietary determinants of weight gain remain controversial...

..To examine prospectively the association between beverage consumption (fruit juice, fruit drinks, milk, soda, and diet soda) and changes in weight and body mass index among preschool children...

..Although the research considered herein has created a meaningful body of literature, refining both the factor and cluster analysis methods will help to further establish eating patterns as a sound dietary assessment method...

..The Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R) is a dietary assessment instrument based on 10 dietary recommendations reflecting dietary guidelines and policy in the United States...

....

..Pattern analysis is helpful in generating hypotheses regarding the role of diet in obesity, and additional research is needed to understand which elements of our patterns are protective or risk factors for weight gain...

..8, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.3). Dietary patterns were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. More research is needed to make appropriate nutritional recommendations for this high-risk population...

..Single-nutrient studies are also needed to explore the mechanisms by which foods may be protective...

..The Higher Fat and Wine and Moderate Eating patterns showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity; certain foods might be targeted in these habitual patterns to achieve optimal dietary patterns for MetS prevention...

....

..Women who stopped smoking over follow-up and had poor diet quality gained the most weight. Preventive interventions need to be sex-specific and consider lifestyle factors...

..Nutritional status is an important determinant of HIV outcomes...

..We aimed to assess the stability of the validated Framingham Nutritional Risk Score (FNRS) and its component nutrients over 8 years, as well as the validity of the follow-up FNRS...

..Identifying optimal combinations of fatty acids may be beneficial for understanding relationships with health outcomes given their diverse effects on metabolism...

..Several studies lacking measures of physical activity level (PAL) assigned low-active levels to obtain pERs...

....

..01) with the vegetable component of the scores. We conclude that women who scored high in AHEI, RFS, and aMed had a lower risk of ER- breast cancer. The HEI and DQI-R appeared to be of limited value in predicting breast cancer risk...

..Because foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research based on natural eating behavior may be useful in understanding dietary causes of obesity and in helping individuals trying to control their weight...

..This finding suggests that overall diet quality be considered a key component in planning and implementing programmes for obesity risk reduction and treatment recommendations...

..In July 2002, the Boston Combined Residency Program instituted a 3-month career-development block (CDB) rotation. During the rotation residents pursue an academic or clinical project under mentorship by a faculty member...

..The paper also discusses methodological considerations and future research directions and concludes by summarizing the evidence presented and highlighting the ethical issues surrounding providing dietary advice...

..Typical weight loss in exclusively breastfed infants delivered by cesarean birth has not been studied nor have possible correlates of greater weight loss in this population...

..Endothelial dysfunction is one of the mechanisms linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease...

..Our goal was to describe current resident interest, participation, curricula, resources, and obstacles related to global health training within pediatric residency programs...

..Secondary aims were to determine the prevalence of STIs and UTIs in this subset of patients and to identify variables associated with a physician diagnosis of STI or UTI...

..To examine the relationship between maternal opioid agonists, methadone, or buprenorphine (BPH), and concurrent psychiatric medication use on length of hospitalization (LOS) among infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)...

..Limited data are available on the benefit of combining healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors in the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) in women...