Megan B Murray

..We consider the implications of these results for the interpretation of cluster studies of M. tuberculosis as well as the more general application of microsimulation models to infectious disease epidemiology...

..We conclude by defining research priorities in both the study of specific determinants and the development of appropriate models to assess the impact of addressing these determinants...

..These observations suggest that, in some areas of the developing world, the age groups targeted to receive measles vaccinations may need to be broadened to ensure adequate coverage to prevent recurrent outbreaks...

..The bias consistently results in underestimating recent transmission and the impact of risk factors for recent transmission...

..They demonstrate ways to conduct sensitivity analyses of estimated results and suggest strategies that may improve the usefulness of this approach to studying tuberculosis...

..We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence for the impact of diabetes on tuberculosis outcomes...

..These data reveal the need for early identification and aggressive follow-up of isoniazid monoresistance to increase treatment success...

..In this study, we prospectively investigated the risk of tuberculosis among persons with diabetes stratified by severity...

..2% (95% confidence interval, 3.0%-8.2%) experienced true relapse. This is an upper-bound estimate of relapse on which new regimens must improve...

..We sought to determine whether implementation of the rapid MTBDRplus diagnostic shortened the time from specimen collection to patient MDR tuberculosis therapy initiation...

..Tuberculosis (TB) often occurs among household contacts of people with active TB. It is unclear whether clustering of cases represents household transmission or shared household risk factors for TB...

..R. per 5 point increase:0.91; C.I.:[0.85, 0.98]) and good baseline adherence self-efficacy (O.R.:0.25; C.I.:[0.09, 0.69]). Interventions that ensure food security for HIV-infected individuals may help sustain high levels of adherence...

..We conducted limited autopsies on young adults dying in a single public hospital in the province of KwaZulu-Natal between October 2008 and August 2009 in order to estimate the magnitude of deaths attributable to tuberculosis...

..On the basis of these diverse lines of evidence, we conclude that the fitness estimates of drug-resistant M tuberculosis are quite heterogeneous and that this variation may preclude our ability to predict future trends of this pathogen...

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..To assess the yield of finding additional TB or diabetes mellitus (DM) cases through systematic screening and to determine the effectiveness of preventive TB therapy in people with DM...

..We conducted a meta-analysis to assess XDR TB treatment outcomes and to identify therapeutic approaches associated with favorable responses...

..Of 56 culture-positive samples genotyped, we detected mixed strains in five (9%) and clonal heterogeneity in an additional four (7%)...

..WHO recommends contact investigation in close contacts of patients with MDR and XDR tuberculosis. We aimed to assess the burden of tuberculosis disease in household contacts of such patients...

..Nonetheless, antiviral resistance has received little attention when evaluating these plans...

..If respondents skip questions about behaviors perceived as socially undesirable, such interviews may introduce bias. We sought to implement a doubly robust estimator to correct for dependent missing data in this context...

..We offer additional data from tuberculosis cases among recent US immigrants which strengthen the claim that reinfection in areas of intense transmission is common...

..We summarize the recent achievements in TB epidemiology associated with the introduction of DNA fingerprinting techniques, and consider the implications of this technology for the design and analysis of epidemiological studies...

..These models also highlight knowledge gaps for which new research will improve our ability to project trends of drug resistance and develop more effective policies for its control...

..While previous work has addressed the mathematical description of TB natural history, the impact of demography on the behaviour of TB models has not been assessed...

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..We discuss the implications of this finding for tuberculosis control in low incidence settings...

..We projected the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of using drug susceptibility testing and second-line drugs in a lower-middle-income setting with high levels of MDR TB...

..These results have important implications for the development of TB control strategies...

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..tuberculosis within communities...

..We studied the association between iron intake and polymorphisms in the iron transporter gene SLC40A1 and the risk of tuberculosis...

..We aimed to examine whether early cART initiation improved survival among HIV-infected adults who were diagnosed with TB in a clinical setting...

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..Public-health efforts to reduce transmission are expected to have a substantial impact on reducing the size of the epidemic...

..Our method also predicts a number of additional potential modulators of TB mycolic acid biosynthesis. E-Flux thus provides a promising new approach for algorithmically predicting metabolic state from gene expression data...

..Results suggest that contact tracing in such settings may be a powerful means of improving case detection rates for active TB disease...

..We aimed to predict the effects of risk-factor trends on COPD, lung cancer, and tuberculosis...

..We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association of DM and TB in order to summarize the existing evidence and to assess methodological quality of the studies...

..Here we present ecological evidence to support the hypothesis that mutations at the 315 position of katG confer isoniazid resistance for Mycobacterium tuberculosis without diminishing virulence or transmissibility...

..We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between these exposures and the risk of infection, disease, and death from TB...

..Our findings are consistent with an important role for siderocalin in protection against M.tb infection and suggest that exogenously administered siderocalin may have therapeutic applications in tuberculosis...

..The proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon reversed the inhibitory effect of ferroportin overexpression on NO production. These results suggest a novel role for ferroportin in attenuating macrophage-mediated immune responses...

..Finally, we present population-based evidence that KasA, an important component of mycolic acid biosynthesis, develops G312S polymorphisms under selective pressure...

..The elucidation of the role of host iron status on the growth of M. tuberculosis may help identify those at high risk for disease progression and lead to therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing macrophage iron stores. ..

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