Simin Liu

..Selection and retrieval of an optimal SNP set from publicly available databases have emerged as the foremost bottlenecks in designing large-scale linkage disequilibrium studies, particularly in case-control settings...

..It seems prudent, therefore, to distinguish whole-grain rather than refined-grain cereal products for the prevention of chronic diseases...

..However, whether genetic variations in the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster are associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain and prospective data are sparse...

..Recent prospective data suggest that intake of rapidly digested and absorbed carbohydrates with a high dietary glycemic load is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease...

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..The aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent magnesium intake is related to systemic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome...

..Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain...

..24, and TG = 13 mg/dL). Differences in blood lipids and CRP between extreme quintiles of dietary GI and GL were small, but may translate into a clinically meaningful difference in cardiovascular risk...

..We assessed the association between magnesium intake and fasting insulin levels in a large cohort of women...

..07). Although there was no evidence of associations between GL, GI, or carbohydrate and total breast cancer risk in WHI participants, the suggestion of an association between GL and risk of in situ cancers requires further investigation...

..In conclusion, common genetic variants in the intron 1 of FTO gene may confer a modest susceptibility to obesity in an ethnicity-specific manner, but may be unlikely to contribute to a clinically significant diabetes risk...

..We conducted a prospective, nested case control study to investigate the relation between baseline plasma adiponectin, measures of adiposity, and subsequent risk of hypertension...

..When vegetable sources of fat and protein are chosen, these diets may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease...

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..However, it is unclear whether common genetic variation in TRPM6 and TRPM7 contributes to risk of type 2 diabetes...

..To examine in prospective data the relation between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamins C and E and the risk of cataract in women...

..However, epidemiologic studies have yet to compare multiple corresponding biomarkers in relation to risk of hypertension, particularly in multiethnic populations...

..Given that both a high cereal fiber content and lower glycemic index are attributes of whole-grain foods, recommendation to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome...

..91 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.81) for beta-cryptoxanthin, and 1.35 (95% CI: 0.68, 2.69) for lutein/zeaxanthin. There was no prospective association between baseline plasma carotenoids and the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older women...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the association of dietary flavonol and flavone intake with type 2 diabetes, and biomarkers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation...

..Although increased consumption of dietary fiber and grain products is widely recommended to maintain healthy body weight, little is known about the relation of whole grains to body weight and long-term weight changes...

..Prospective studies linking whole- and refined-grain intakes with the risk of hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, remain limited...

..03-2.08, P = 0.03). These data suggest a potential interaction between the adiponectin genotype and PPAR gamma genotype or obesity, but these analyses should be considered exploratory and require further investigation in larger studies...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of dietary fibers and glycemic load with plasma adiponectin in diabetic women and investigate the modification effect of obesity...

..78 and 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.91 and 0.76 to 1.00, respectively). DISCUSSION: BMI and weight gain were inversely associated with intake of breakfast cereals, independently of other risk factors...

..Adiponectin may improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and ameliorate glycemic control. However, few studies have evaluated dietary predictors of plasma adiponectin levels, especially among subjects with type 2 diabetes...

..Low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets remain popular; however, the long-term effects of these diets are not known...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a modest positive association between the consumption of potatoes and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. This association was more pronounced when potatoes were substituted for whole grains...

..To examine the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes...

..5 pmol/l among those at the highest quartile (P = 0.03 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a protective role of higher intake of magnesium in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, especially in overweight women...

..In addition, high consumption of cereal fiber was associated with lower risk of total and hemorrhagic stroke...

..Although studies have indicated that increased dairy intake may reduce risk of overweight and insulin resistance syndrome, data directly relating dairy intake to type 2 diabetes remain sparse...

..S. postmenopausal women, implicating an etiological role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes...

..In conclusion, the results suggest that higher intake of dietary magnesium may have a modest effect on the development of hypertension in women...

..Genetic variants in the UCP2-UCP3 gene cluster, located on chromosome 11q13, may play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes...

..However, prospective data regarding its relation to diabetes risk in ethnically diverse populations are limited...

..Increasing evidence suggests an important role of carbohydrate quality in the development of type 2 diabetes...

..37 for haplotypes in block 2). In conclusion, we did not observe any significant associations of the common SNPs or haplotypes across the CAPN10 gene with diabetes risk in our large and ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women...

..To examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged or older women...

..To evaluate the dietary predictors for the markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes...

..To assess the associations among baseline levels of fasting insulin and proinsulin, proinsulin:insulin ratio, and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in apparently healthy middle-aged women...

..To examine elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to diabetes incidence in the Women's Health Initiative...

..More long-term controlled trials are needed to improve our understanding of efficacy and mechanisms. Women and a variety of racial/ethnic groups should be represented in these studies whenever possible...

..83-1.04) (P = 0.21) compared with those randomized to placebo. In this large trial with 10-year follow-up, alternate-day doses of 600 IU vitamin E provided no significant benefit for type 2 diabetes in initially healthy women...

..We aimed to examine whether pregravid dietary fiber consumptions from cereal, fruit, and vegetable sources and dietary glycemic load were related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk...

..Our study found little evidence for an association between dietary intake of lycopene or lycopene-containing foods and the risk of type 2 DM...

..High intakes of GL, fructose, and sucrose were related to an elevated colorectal cancer risk among men. For women, however, these factors did not seem to increase the risk of colorectal cancer...

..In conclusion, the results do not support the hypothesis that magnesium intake reduces the development of CHD, although a modest inverse association with stroke cannot be ruled out...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that higher consumption of total red meat, especially various processed meats, may increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women...

..This study also confirmed the lack of an overall association between intake of fiber and fiber types and breast cancer risk observed in other prospective studies...

..Although breakfast cereals are a major source of whole and refined grains, little is known about their direct association with the risk of premature mortality...

..Prevention of this devastating disease calls for the identification of culture-sensitive measures that can be applied to the population in general and some high-risk minority groups in particular...

..An association between serum insulin levels and pancreatic cancer risk was reported in a recent study, but the population was composed of heavy smokers and their findings may not be generalizable to nonsmokers...

..Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Three common alleles in the APOE gene, E2/E3/E4, have been associated with lipoprotein disorders but their effects on myocardial infarction (MI) risk remain uncertain...

..Glycemic effects of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) low-fat dietary intervention are unknown...

..Nuts are high in unsaturated (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) fat and other nutrients that may improve glucose and insulin homeostasis...

..These prospective data support the recent American Diabetes Association's guideline that a moderate amount of sugar can be incorporated in a healthy diet...

..Much uncertainty exists about the role of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in populations that traditionally subsist on a diet high in carbohydrates...

..In conclusion, MS may largely account for the increased risk of CVD associated with BMI in apparently healthy women...

..Certain dietary components may play a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes...

..CONCLUSION: Increased intakes of whole grains may reduce disease risk by means of favorable effects on metabolic risk factors...

..Chronic airway inflammation in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; however, prospective data have been limited...

..09 mg/L (p = 0.43). The association between alcohol and hs-CRP concentration appears to be mediated primarily by ethanol and was independent of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed once BMI was taken into account...

..We prospectively examined the association between dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fiber and colorectal cancer risk in a large female cohort from the Women's Health Study...

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..However, whether this polymorphism is associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) is uncertain...

..0); for high DGL, it was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 4.0). Diets with proportionally high DGI or DGL may put the developing fetus at risk of an NTD, adding further evidence that hyperglycemia lies within the pathogenic pathway...

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..006), whereas APOA4 +347T/A showed significant associations with lower levels of HDL-C (P=0.017). Our results indicate that the variability in APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster may affect TG and HDL levels in women with type 2 diabetes...

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..Our findings also suggest that both large-scale, well-designed association studies and functional studies are warranted to either reliably confirm or conclusively refute the initial hypothesis regarding the role of CAPN10 in T2D risk...

..Prospective data on cataract in relation to total fruit and vegetable intake are limited...

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..Despite emerging evidence of the role of flavonoids in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, the association remains unclear...

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..We examined the association between HbA1c measured in stored erythrocytes and mortality rate in women with and without diabetes...

..Prospective data relating fruit and vegetable intake to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are sparse, particularly for women...

..Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity...

..Few data are available on the long-term impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on total mortality and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in women...

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..However, due to the chemical and physical complexity of vegetables, the effects of individual nutrients may differ if eaten as whole foods. Moreover, little is known about the direct association between vegetable intake and risk of CHD...

..To summarize the pertinent data, we conducted a metaanalysis examining the diagnostic value of ANCA testing systems that include assays for anti-MPO...

..In epidemiologic studies, dietary glycemic load (GL) is positively associated with risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes...

..Previous studies have examined individual dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to type 2 diabetes, but the combined effects of these factors are largely unknown...

..Although increased intake of grain products has been recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), prospective data examining the relation of whole grain intake to risk of ischemic stroke are sparse, especially among women...

..0 than at neutral pH. This novel acid-triggered release mechanism provides a basis for delivery of antibody-bound toxin into cells accompanied by its immediate dissociation as the complex enters acidic vesicles...

..The aim of this study was to assess the evidence on the effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes...

..We prospectively examined the relationship between diabetes and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of 118403 women aged 30 through 55 years who were without previously diagnosed cancer at baseline in 1976...

..Although current dietary guidelines for Americans recommend increased intake of grain products to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD), epidemiologic data relating whole-grain intake to the risk of CHD are sparse...

..Recent data suggest a protective role of carotenoids in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), possibly via an antioxidant effect, but no randomized trial has directly assessed the efficacy of beta-carotene to prevent DM...

..Little is known about the effects of the amount and type of carbohydrates on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..To assess whether a similar association exists among diabetics, we examined the relation between light to moderate alcohol consumption and CHD in men with and without diabetes mellitus in a prospective cohort study...

..This study examined the association between intake of whole vs refined grain and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..We aimed to examine comprehensively plasma sex hormones in connection with risk of developing type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women...

..Increased physical activity has been associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease in the general population, but data are limited on its role among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..To determine the content of glutamine in major food proteins...

..Studies to date have not directly compared the pharmacodynamic efficacies of different proton pump inhibitors in controlling intragastric acidity in patients treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...

..Amino acid analysis also reveals that the 70-kDa subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase contains the SHP-1 substrate consensus sequence. These results suggest that 17beta-estradiol inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase activity through SHP-1...