F Laden

..Few studies have specifically examined the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma associated with exposure to asbestos in brakes, but automobile mechanics are included in many studies of occupation and cancer...

..Results are inconclusive but do not support a major role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of breast cancer...

..Occupational and population-based studies have related exposure to fine particulate air pollution, and specifically particulate matter from vehicle exhausts, to cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer...

..A large body of epidemiologic literature has found an association of increased fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) with acute and chronic mortality. The effect of improvements in particle exposure is less clear...

..In conclusion, although precise historical estimates of exposure are not available, weighting factors helped better define the exposure-response relationship of diesel exhaust with lung cancer mortality...

..These results do not support the hypothesis of a positive association between PCB exposure and development of NHL...

..99-7.82). The majority of studies have concluded that exposure to PCBs is unlikely to be a major cause of breast cancer, but these findings indicate that further studies of genetically susceptible populations are warranted...

..83 for PCB 153 (95% CI: 0.47-1.48), and 0.98 for PCB 180 (95% CI: 0.55-1.75). Sub-group analyses were also performed. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDT and PCBs increases the risk of breast cancer...

..These results indicate that combustion particles in the fine fraction from mobile and coal combustion sources, but not fine crustal particles, are associated with increased mortality...

..We present a combined analysis of these results to increase precision and to maximize statistical power to detect effect modification by other breast cancer risk factors...

..While 95% confidence intervals for these estimates did not exclude small risks, overall, results did not support an association between breast cancer risk and exposure to EMFs from electric blankets...

..There is little information, however, about the direct effect of night work on the risk of cancer. We investigated the effect of night work in breast cancer...

..There is little information describing the risk of non-malignant respiratory disease and occupational exposure to diesel exhaust...

..Key words: diesel exhaust, lung cancer, occupational exposure...

..No prior studies of pesticide exposure and PD used biomarkers of exposure collected before the onset of PD. Our investigation examined the association between prospective serum biomarkers of organochlorine pesticides and PD...

..2-0.4 work area; R2 = 0.5-0.9 background)...

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..We conclude that the effect of indoor sources may be more pronounced in high-density multiunit dwellings, and that future epidemiological studies in these populations should explicitly consider these sources in assigning exposures...

..Chronic psychosocial stressors, including violence, and neuropsychological and behavioral development in children as well as physiologic alterations that may lead to broader health effects...

..Similarly, the delay between changes in exposure and changes in health is also important in public health decision making. We addressed these issues using an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study...

..5) was low (</= 50 mug/m(3)). It is therefore important to account for personal and secondhand smoke exposure while assessing occupational and environmental PM...

..26 [1.07, 1.48]). Our analysis suggests that, at least among white women, SEER is a reliable data source with respect to lymphoid malignancies...

..However, many have been limited to city-specific average pollution measures or spatial or land-use regression exposure models in small geographic areas...

..Although the smoking rate in the United States is declining because of an increase of smoke-free laws, among blue-collar workers it remains higher than that among many other occupational groups...

..Overall, we found no evidence that EBV antibody profile predicts NHL risk in immunocompetent persons, with the possible exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma...

..Additionally, two studies have observed higher risks in individuals with occupational dust, gas, or fume exposure...

..Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) has been associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma...

..Melatonin shows potential oncostatic activity and is acutely suppressed by light exposure. Some evidence suggests an association between night work and breast cancer risk, possibly through the melatonin pathway...

..Further study is needed to assess whether this risk is observed after exposure to exhaust from later-generation diesel engines with modern emission controls...

..There is little information, however, about the interrelationships of night work, urinary melatonin levels, and levels of plasma steroid hormones in women...

..Once again, the association showed no sign of a threshold. The magnitude of the association suggests that controlling fine particle pollution would result in thousands of fewer early deaths per year...

..7 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.6). Health agencies in India should note the association of elevated blood lead levels with anemia and make further efforts to curb lead pollution and childhood anemia...

..84 to 1.19) and 1.35 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.77), respectively (P(trend) =.04). These data suggest that working a rotating night shift at least three nights per month for 15 or more years may increase the risk of colorectal cancer in women...

..This distribution overlaps substantially with the general public's exposure to these sources...

..Particulate air pollution, especially of traffic origin, has been linked to systemic inflammation in many studies...

..Our study also suggests that an assessment of methods to control for smoking should be considered in the design of retrospective occupational health studies...

..The geographic variation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence in the United States is unknown...

..Interpretation of these studies specifically implicating diesel exhaust as a carcinogen has been limited because of limited exposure measurements and lack of work records relating job title to exposure-related job duties...

..The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains largely unknown, although epidemiologic studies suggest genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Geographic variation in incident RA has been observed at the regional level...

..The statistically significant results and high R2 values observed from the trucking industry application supports the broader use of this approach in exposure assessment modeling...

..Our goal was to evaluate differences in risk of these skin cancers according to residence at varying UV indices at 3 time points...

..Evidence on the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and incident colon and rectal cancer is limited...

..However, a relationship of adult respiratory disease with exposure to vehicular traffic has not been established...

..Given the persistence of pesticides in the environment, these findings are still relevant today...

..These results provide supportive evidence that existing PM2.5 source apportionment methods can be used to derive reliable insights into the source components that contribute to PM2.5 health effects...

..This consistency suggests the robustness of the source apportionment in health effects analyses, but remaining issues, including accuracy of source apportionment and source-specific sensitivity to weather models, need to be investigated...

..In this population, increases in such exposures were associated with increases in all-cause and CHD mortality. Never smokers with higher body mass indexes were at greatest risk of fatal CHD...

..Occupational exposure to dusts may result in chronic respiratory symptoms...

..05). Studies on night shift work and breast cancer risk collectively show an increased breast cancer risk among women. Publication bias is unlikely to have influenced the results...

..4 +/- 9.5% for the terminal yard samples. A relatively consistent mobile source impact was present at all the terminals only when considering percentage of total OC concentrations, not in terms of absolute concentrations...

..5) mass source apportionment results are consistent across users and methods, and that today's source apportionment methods are robust enough for application to PM(2.5) health effects assessments...

..An association between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer mortality in a large retrospective cohort study of US railroad workers has previously been reported. However, specific information regarding cigarette smoking was unavailable...

..However, future research will also need to investigate a number of other important issues including accuracy of results...

..The results from these three cohorts suggest that concentrations of certain PCBs in blood are associated with increased risk of NHL...