Douglas P Kiel

..Alternatives to pharmacologic treatment are needed for older adults. Nonpharmacologic treatment with low magnitude, high frequency mechanical stimulation has been shown to prevent bone loss in animal and human studies...

..Past studies of the efficacy of hip protectors to prevent hip fracture in nursing home residents have had conflicting results, possibly due to potential biases from clustered randomization designs and modest adherence to intervention...

..There have been no genome-wide association and linkage studies for these traits using high-density genotyping platforms...

..Few randomized trials have simultaneously evaluated TC's potential to reduce bone loss and improve fall-predictive balance parameters in osteopenic women...

..Moderate intake of alcohol has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. However, different classes of alcoholic beverages have not been investigated...

..Clinical trials are required to isolate any putative effects of vitamin K on rates of bone loss. The target population in these trials, particularly in regard to estrogen use, may be critical, as suggested by the findings of this study...

..Few studies have examined the association between carotenoid intake (other than beta-carotene) and bone mineral density (BMD)...

..Use of a competing risk approach is critical to accurately determining disease risk for elderly individuals and therefore best inform clinical decision-making...

..This study examined the effect of pre-fracture characteristics, hospital complications, and post-fracture complications on mortality in residents with hip fracture...

..To relate cancer since entry into the Framingham Heart Study with the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and to estimate the risk of incident cancer among participants with and without Alzheimer's disease...

..Family studies and heritability estimates provide evidence for a genetic contribution to variation in the human life span...

..Bone mineral density (BMD) is a potential surrogate marker for cumulative estrogen exposure and has been associated with cognitive performance and risk of cognitive deterioration...

..We examined the association between the total homocysteine concentration and the risk of hip fracture in men and women enrolled in the Framingham Study...

..53, 1.00; p(trend) = 0.03). In contrast, no association was present in men (highest vs. lowest quartile of metacarpal cortical area: hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.56; p(trend) = 0.55)...

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..Subsequent focus on the spectrum of genetic polymorphisms in these refined regions may contribute to finding variants predisposing to osteoporosis...

..Null associations were observed among women. These results suggest a possible protective role of vitamin C for bone health in older men...

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..Low dietary vitamin K intake has been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in men and women. Few data exist on the association between dietary vitamin K intake and bone mineral density (BMD)...

..Adequate calcium intake is known to protect the skeleton. However, studies that have reported adverse effects of calcium supplementation on vascular events have raised widespread concern...

..Elevated homocysteine is a strong risk factor for osteoporotic fractures among elders, yet it may be a marker for low B-vitamin status...

..In addition to displacing healthier beverages, colas contain caffeine and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which may adversely affect bone...

..Most of the similarity between the quantitative bone phenotypes may be attributed to pleiotropic effects of genes. This knowledge may prove helpful in defining the best phenotypes to be used in genetic studies of osteoporosis...

..Retrospective 3-month recall of falls resulted in underreporting of falls by as much as 25% compared with daily calendars. Calendars should be considered the preferred method of ascertaining falls in longitudinal studies...

..We evaluated the relationship between change in a diuretic prescription (new prescription or increased dose) and the occurrence of documented falls among nursing home residents...

..The alteration of a binding site of the deregulator of extracellular matrix HOXA7 warrants further investigation...

..73, 0.72, 0.72, 0.70 g/cm2, lowest to highest quartile, P for trend=0.02. Cholesterol levels in women and men from young adulthood to middle age years do not appear to have long-term clinical implications for osteoporosis later in life...

..04-0.96). No significant associations were observed among intakes of EPA, DHA, EPA+DHA, or fish. These findings suggest dietary ALA may reduce hip fracture risk in women and men and dietary AA may reduce hip fracture risk in men...

..Chronic pain is a major contributor to disability in older adults; however, the potential role of chronic pain as a risk factor for falls is poorly understood...

..To determine the incidence and predictors of subsequent fracture in nursing home residents with a hip fracture, accounting for the competing risk of death...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that the association between an MTHFR polymorphism and bone phenotypes depends on folate status...

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..These observations suggest that Wnt-LRP5 may play a role in the adaptation of bone to mechanical load in humans, and may explain some gender-related differences in bone mass...

..Men with plasma B12 < 148 pM had significantly lower BMD at the hip, and women at the spine, relative to those with higher B12, and trends were similar for both at all sites. Low vitamin B12 may be a risk factor for low BMD...

..Poor diet may affect bone status by displacing nutrients involved in bone health. Dihydrophylloquinone, a form of vitamin K present in foods made with partially hydrogenated fat, is a potential marker of a low-quality dietary pattern...

..00). Opposing effects of PC DHA on FN-BMD loss observed in women and men need further clarification. Bone loss associated with PC LA may be confounded by BMI. High PC AA concentrations may be associated with reduced hip fracture risk...

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..Identification and subsequent characterization of these shared loci may further elucidate the genetic contributions to both osteoporosis and sarcopenia...

..This knowledge may prove helpful in identifying novel genes and pathways that underlie several correlated phenotypes, as well as in deciphering genetic and phenotypic modularity underlying osteoporosis risk...

..Clinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are recognized causes of reversible dementia, but previous studies relating thyrotropin levels to cognitive performance in clinically euthyroid persons have yielded inconsistent results...

..Calcium intake modifies the association of protein intake and the risk of hip fracture in this cohort and may explain the lack of concordance seen in previous studies...

..We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between plasma OPG and femoral neck (FN) bone density (BMD) and geometry in a large cohort of women and men...

..Incidence was 24% in women and 10% in men. Few factors in middle-aged persons, except prevalent (moderate) fracture and alcohol consumption (in men), predicted long-term incidence of vertebral fracture...

..This study examined the relation between severity of aortic calcification in middle-age years and subsequent risk of hip fracture in women and men in the population-based Framingham Study...

..Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish may influence bone health...

..To determine the effect of four vitamin D supplement doses on falls risk in elderly nursing home residents...

..These results suggest that, with a possible exception of older men, dietary acid load does not have a measureable negative effect on bone health, regardless of total calcium intake...

..We examined the associations among 4 types of measures of laboratory- and clinic-based balance in a large population-based cohort of older adults...

..Our study confirms the importance of evaluating determinants of vertebral strength in both the thoracic and lumbar spine and in both women and men to understand mechanisms underlying the structural failure of vertebral bodies with aging...

..Identification of genes that influence human height may lead to a better understanding of the processes involved in growth and development...

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..To examine the relation of bone mass-a potential biologic marker for cumulative exposure to androgens, insulin-like growth factors, and calcium intake-to subsequent development of prostate cancer...

..The aim of this review is twofold: first, to summarize growing consensus on reliable methods of biological age assessment, and second, to demonstrate validity of this phenotype for research in the genetics of aging in humans...

..It is hoped that this paper will encourage and inform future epidemiologic research in this important segment of the population...

..This differential bone loss explains, in part, a greater decline in bone strength in women and may contribute to the higher incidence of vertebral fractures among women than men...

..We examined whether low estradiol increases the risk for future hip fracture among men and explored whether testosterone levels influence this risk...

..Genes in these regions may regulate bone geometry via effects on body size. Identification and subsequent characterization of loci for bone geometry can further elucidate the genetic contributions to bone's resistance to stress...

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..Several nutrients are known to affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, these nutrients occur together in foods and dietary patterns, and the overall effects of dietary choices are not well understood...

..In conclusion, the variation in BA measured by radiography was strongly governed by genetic factors in a sample of American adults...

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..We also described differences in baseline characteristics between study participants and non-participants...

..Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher M:L BMD ratio would be associated with medial bone marrow lesions, and that lower ratios would be associated with lateral bone marrow lesions...

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..We aimed to identify common genetic variants affecting vitamin D concentrations and risk of insufficiency...

..Older persons with hip fractures remain at increased risk of subsequent hip fractures. However, little is known about the frequency and characteristics of persons who sustain a second hip fracture...

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..10). No significant associations were observed with alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, or lutein + zeaxanthin. These results suggest a protective role of several carotenoids for bone health in older adults...

..To describe the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and bone mineral density (BMD) in persons with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA)...

..The role of total calcium intake in the prevention of hip fracture risk has not been well established...

..Despite these caveats, these findings support the use of a FFQ for a relative assessment of vitamin K status in population-based studies...

..Larger randomized controlled trials should evaluate the long-term efficacy of vibrating platform devices for treatment of low bone mass and osteoporosis in elderly individuals...

..97; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.05). CONCLUSION: In this large, population-based cohort, baseline and long-term average serum total cholesterol levels were not associated with the risk for incident AD...

..This may translate into new approaches to reduce the burden of both conditions, which are prevalent in the elderly population...

..To evaluate the evidence for Tai Chi as an intervention to reduce rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women...

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..To evaluate the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine on the risk of falls, syncope, and related events, defined as fracture and accidental injury...

..This study examined the effect of birth cohort on incidence rates of hip fracture among women and men in the Framingham Study...

..Observational studies and secondary analyses from lipid-lowering trials have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effect of these agents on bone mineral density and fracture risk...

..Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene cause rare syndromes characterized by altered bone mineral density (BMD). More common LRP5 variants may affect osteoporosis risk in the general population...

..This was investigated in 723 men and 795 women from the Framingham study. Results show association of variation in this gene with BMD in both women and men...

..Hence, association of IL-6 polymorphisms with BMD may be limited to discrete population subgroups...

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..The possibility of a link between AAC and vascular compliance deserves further study...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight cycling (as defined by the frequency and magnitude of intentional weight loss) on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in obese sedentary women...

..Little is known about the heritability of aortic calcification...

..These findings suggest that dietary fat has a significant influence on BMD that is dependent on the alleles present for the PPARG gene...

..Efforts to prevent and treat back pain, independent of vertebral deformity status, might help to reduce functional limitations in older women...

..AAC appears to be useful for risk stratification in patients at intermediate CHD risk...

..In conclusion, patients randomized to teriparatide had a reduced risk of new or worsening back pain compared to patients randomized to placebo, hormone replacement therapy or alendronate...

..Management strategies include both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures in very frail older subjects...

..Evidence was gained to suggest that several chromosomal loci regulate BMD in a site-specific and sex-specific manner...

..Management strategies include both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures in very frail older subjects...

..Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of calcification in vivo. However, little is known regarding the distribution of circulating MGP and its associations with CHD risk factors or with CAC in humans...

..Lateral imaging of the spine with DXA intended to detect vertebral fracture is a promising technology for the simultaneous assessment of a risk factor for cardiovascular disease incidence and death...

..In a cohort of 781 men >or=50 yr of age followed up for 10 yr, extended calcifications in the abdominal aorta were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the risk of osteoporotic fractures regardless of BMD and falls...

..A 1-yr extension of the Fosamax Actonel Comparison Trial was completed to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover, and upper gastrointestinal tolerability over 2 yr of treatment...

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..Increasing evidence suggests that silicon is important in bone formation. The main source of silicon for humans is the diet, but the bioavailability of silicon from solid foods is not well understood...

..Second it will identify genes as well as nutritional factors such as the B-vitamins and dietary fat that work together to increase the risk for osteoporosis. ..

..Ultimately this could lead to the development of new treatments for osteoporosis. ..

..The significance of the study is that it will test the efficacy of this unique intervention to improve multiple components of the musculoskeletal system that contribute to fracture risk. ..