P W Kantoff

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..Hence, we sought to develop a molecular panel for prostate cancer progression by reasoning that molecular profiles might further improve current clinical models...

..Sipuleucel-T, an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, has shown evidence of efficacy in reducing the risk of death among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer...

..To evaluate the prognostic significance of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA in the blood of men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)...

..Furthermore, castration induces secondary responses that may be of shorter duration than if started initially, although the overall period of hormonally responsive prostate cancer is more than 4 years...

..To assess whether the risk of death is associated with the time to testosterone recovery (TTR) after radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa)...

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..CONCLUSION: Although these data are exploratory and need to be confirmed in an independent data set, they suggest that VEGF may have clinical significance in patients with HRPC...

..This study explored the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors, in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)...

..We determined the risk of recurrence in men enrolled on a randomized trial for prostate cancer who were treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone or in conjunction with combined or less than combined androgen suppression therapy (AST)...

..To use data from a prospective quality-of-life study to assess differences in disease-specific and general health-related quality-of-life changes after treatment with different external-beam irradiation techniques for prostate cancer...

..This study was performed to estimate 2-year PSA failure rates on the basis of readily available clinical and pathologic factors to identify patients for whom effective adjuvant systemic therapy is needed...

..Comorbidities may increase the negative effects of specific anticancer treatments such as androgen suppression therapy (AST)...

..Finally, the utility of chemotherapy is beginning to be explored in the context of earlier disease in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or serologically relapsing group of patients. Data from these studies are just beginning to be gathered...

..To evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel/carboplatin (DC)-based chemotherapy as first- and second-line chemotherapy for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)...

..Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most common and effective systemic therapy for advanced prostate cancer. We hypothesized that germline genetic variation in the androgen axis would improve the efficacy of ADT...

..Additional testing is necessary to identify the active components of PC-SPES and its role in the treatment of patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer...

..Whether differences in the distribution of known or suspected risk factors among racial groups explain this variation is unknown...

..The aim of this study was to determine the safety and activity of vinorelbine in combination with estramustine in men with androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer...

..No pathologic complete responses were observed. Altered androgen metabolism may partially account for the noted declines in prostate-specific antigen and be a mechanism for chemotherapy resistance...

..The authors estimated and characterized mortality after androgen suppression therapy (AST) use in men with newly diagnosed localized and recurrent prostate cancer...

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..To evaluate mifepristone (RU-486) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), with a correlative assessment of serum androgens and androgen metabolites..

..Although uncommon, additional durable responses occurred in some patients after dose escalation...

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..To assess complications of therapy for early (nonmetastatic) prostate cancer...

..The primary endpoint of the trial is measurement of pathologic complete response rate, for which data are not yet available. Recruitment to the trial is ongoing...

..The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an advantage of mitoxantrone and hydrocortisone (M+H) over hydrocortisone alone with respect to survival duration...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the prostate gland itself may be a significant source of systemic VEGF and raises the possibility that elevated plasma VEGF levels could be a reflection of prostatic VEGF production...

..We hypothesized that SRDA5 inhibition in combination with ketoconazole would mitigate progression after treatment with ketoconazole alone...

..The purpose of this review is to define the current knowledge in managing locally advanced prostate cancer and to propose new treatment approaches based on current knowledge...

..CONCLUSION: Finasteride provides additional intracellular androgen blockade when added to bicalutamide. Duration of control is comparable to castration, with preserved sexual function in some patients...

..These results suggest that CYP17 genotype may possibly confer a small increased susceptibility to prostate cancer but is not a strong predictor of endogenous steroid hormone levels in men...

..However, these data suggest that longer AR [CAG](n) repeat alleles may increase breast cancer risk among women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer...

..However, the synthetic estrogens, DES and ethinyl estradiol, were detected in various lots of PC-SPES, including those used in this trial. Clinical trials that utilize herbal therapies must account for issues of purity and consistency...

..These data will help to direct the future study of this risk locus...

..Sex steroid hormone receptors mediate essential processes in normal prostate growth and contribute to prostate cancer development...

..This is the first study to show that AMACR expression is significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and suggests that not all surrogate end points may be optimal to define biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer...

..Neoadjuvant liposomal doxorubicin demonstrates no apparent activity and significant toxicity. New strategies are needed to improve outcomes in high-risk prostate cancer...

..This multicenter phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of trabectedin in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)...

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..We conducted a controlled study of the prevention of osteoporosis in men undergoing treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist...

..Several promising novel therapies are in late-stage testing and will hopefully provide more treatment options for these patients...

..Vaccination of patients with RCC with allogeneic DC/tumor fusions was feasible, well tolerated, and resulted in immunologic and clinical responses in a subset of patients...

..To assess the biologic activity of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in men with recurrent prostate cancer using change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT) as the primary outcome variable...

..In this article, we describe the design and implementation of a comprehensive prostate cancer database developed to collect, store, and access clinical, treatment, and outcomes data for research and clinical care...

..Annual zoledronic acid increases BMD in postmenopausal women, but its efficacy in hypogonadal men is not known...

..We evaluated whether the timing of fatal myocardial infarction (MI) was influenced by the administration of androgen suppression therapy (AST)...

..We quantified protein expression of the nine genes in tumors to classify progression risk. Accounting for clinical prognostic factors, the nine-gene model did not provide discrimination to predict lethal and indolent prostate cancer...

..Additionally, the association of selenium with PCa mortality was modified by a variant, suggesting the possibility that some men with PCa may benefit more from selenium than others, depending on their genotype...

..6; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-8.7). These findings strengthen the hypothesis that BRCA1 plays a role in cell cycle control and show that BRCA1 is a marker of clinical prostate cancer prognosis. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3136-9. (c)2010 AACR...

..Therefore, our ability to determine who would benefit from salvage hormonotherapy (HT) would be enhanced if an individual's risk of nonprostate-cancer-specific mortality were known...

..However, our data indicate that prostate cancer cases who carry the variant N allele are more likely to be overweight, and may be more susceptible to the angiogenic influences of obesity in prostate cancer pathogenesis...

..The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended against screening men over 75 for prostate cancer. We examined whether older healthy men could benefit from aggressive prostate cancer treatment...

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..RT alone in men with unfavorable risk localized prostate cancer (PCa), but it is unknown if this benefit applies to all risk subgroups and, in particular, the intermediate-risk group...

..78) than the clinical model alone (area under the curve = 0.71; P = 0.04). Molecular tumor markers can add to clinical variables to help distinguish lethal and indolent prostate cancer and hold promise to guide treatment decisions...

..The purpose of this study was to compare predictive factors for the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) either with (M+) or without (M-) metastases...

..Treatment of these cancers is associated with substantial morbidity. Active surveillance is an alternative to initial treatment, but long-term outcomes and effect on quality of life have not been well characterized...

..Clinical trials have demonstrated a survival benefit with docetaxel chemotherapy, but limited data exist regarding the activity of second-line chemotherapy...

..We conclude that the combination of interferon-alpha plus toremifene demonstrates no significant activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma...

..This study confirms earlier reports that black men have shorter CAG repeat lengths than reported white and Asian populations. We did not find an increased risk of prostate cancer among black men with fewer CAG repeats...

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..Low screening rates among black men may contribute to these disparities, but there are few data on racial differences in prostate cancer screening...

..Here we review the evidence that PPARgamma contributes to prostate carcinogenesis and the potential for PPARgamma as a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer...

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..It is possible that when used in conjunction with PSA it might prove useful in identifying patients with early-stage prostate cancer who might otherwise be missed by PSA screening alone...

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..We characterized the time course of treatment complications while adjusting for potentially confounding pretreatment factors hindering other observational studies...

..The proposed mechanisms of action of these agents and potential future therapeutic roles for these drugs are discussed as well...

..The authors conducted a Phase II clinical study of letrozole to determine the safety and efficacy of a potent and selective third-generation aromatase inhibitor in men with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma...

..To define the maximal tolerated dose, safety, and efficacy of docetaxel, carboplatin, and estramustine in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)...

..The objective of the current report is to describe the effects of discontinuing PC-SPES treatment in four patients with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma...

..We assessed factors predicting a successful tumor harvest from bone marrow biopsies (BMBx) in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer patients...

..This is important as randomized trials using chemotherapy are proposed. The authors used a questionnaire to investigate the attitudes of physicians in the New England area who care for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma...

..Our results indicate that prediagnostic circulating VEGF levels are not associated with prostate cancer development and have limited value in predicting future risk of prostate cancer...

..Thus, the role of AR in androgen-independent cancer cells is not to direct the androgen-dependent gene expression program without androgen, but rather to execute a distinct program resulting in androgen-independent growth...

..Both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants play an important and interdependent role in preventing clinically significant prostate cancer...

..Because benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an androgen-dependent condition, we examined the hypothesis that a shorter AR gene CAG repeat length increases the risk of developing of BPH...

..005). These data suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG fusion prostate cancers may have a more aggressive phenotype, possibly mediated through increased ERG expression...

..The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density in men with prostate carcinoma and no history of androgen-deprivation therapy...

..The clinical implications of these results should be evaluated further...

..The expression pattern of COSVIc may be a useful marker for studying the alteration of energy metabolism in cancer cells and for the diagnosis of prostate cancer...

..If dynamic changes in hemoglobin after treatment provide additive prognostic information to dynamic changes in PSA, then we should consider and test ways to incorporate serum hemoglobin into measures of response in HRPC...

..Increased fatness resulted primarily from accumulation of sc rather than intraabdominal adipose tissue...

..The best candidates for active surveillance are being defined, as are predictors of active treatment. The psychosocial ramifications of surveillance for prostate cancer can be profound and future needs and unmet goals will be discussed...

..To develop and validate a model that can be used to predict the overall survival probability among metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients (HRPC)...

..Bone marrow specimens containing prostate tumor were obtained from men undergoing antiandrogen withdrawal for AR sequence analysis and clinical correlation. Materials and..

..CONCLUSIONS: Nilutamide appears to be an effective secondary hormonal therapy in patients with AIPC and is associated with a mild toxicity profile...

..Plasma CgA levels in patients with prostate cancer may reflect the extent of the tumor neuroendocrine phenotype...

..We tested 2 doses of the conjugated estrogen Premarin(R) in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer to determine the efficacy and safety of this widely available medication...

..We investigated plasma levels of sex steroid hormones and length of the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat in relation to incident prostate cancer diagnosed in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era...

..Experimental evidence has suggested that estrogen receptor alpha (coded by the gene ESR1) might increase prostate cancer risk, whereas estrogen receptor beta (coded by the gene ESR2) might reduce prostate cancer risk...

..In order to evaluate its prognostic significance in metastatic HRCaP patients, we measured IL-6 in plasma collected at baseline from patients in a large cooperative group study [Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9480 (CALGB 9480)]...

..We concluded that the D104N variation in human endostatin is neither clinically relevant nor suitable as a pharmacogenomic endpoint to assess the risk for developing AIPC...

..It has been hypothesized that abnormal p53 protein expression is associated with a worse prognosis after radiation (RT) and androgen suppression therapy (AST). This hypothesis was prospectively tested...