DAVID JOHN HUNTER

..This study suggests that the Arg72Pro polymorphism may play a role in skin carcinogenesis...

..Thus, it is of particular interest to examine whether its wide variation can be attributed to clinical, pathologic or molecular features...

..In this study, we evaluate the association between mammographic density and genetic variants of the estrogen metabolic pathway...

..Current systems for reporting epidemiological studies make it difficult to assess whether the observed interactions are reproducible, so suggestions are made for improvements in this area...

..Our summary results from the GWAS are available online in a form that should speed the identification of additional risk loci...

..The relation of contemporary oral contraceptive formulations to breast cancer risk is less clear...

..However, our findings of differences in associations for UGT1A1 and AIB1 genotypes with breast density by menopausal status needs additional corroboration...

..We examined prospectively intakes of vitamins A. C, and E, folate, and specific carotenoids in relation to the risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in women...

..The signals detected in a region around the MC1R gene were explained by MC1R red hair color alleles. Our results suggest that the IRF4 and SLC24A4 loci are associated with human hair color and skin pigmentation...

..These data suggest that inherited variants in ESR2 (while possibly conferring a small increased risk of breast cancer) are not associated with appreciable (OR > 1.2) changes in breast cancer risk among Caucasian women...

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..We assessed dietary iron intake and genetic and biochemical markers of iron status in a prospective, nested case-control study of women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study...

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..ABO blood type is an inherited characteristic that in previous small studies has been associated with the risk of gastrointestinal malignancies...

..05) was suggested. These findings suggest that the HSD17B1 may be associated with circulating estradiol levels and interact with body mass index in postmenopausal breast cancer...

..We sought to identify the common genetic variants associated with IL-18 levels...

..Cross-sectional study...

..Our objective was to determine whether markers of bone resorption and formation could serve as markers for the presence of bone marrow lesions (BMLs)...

..A long-standing hypothesis has been that inherited variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene plays a role in prostate cancer initiation. However, studies to date have been inconclusive and often suffered from small sample sizes...

..Although smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer, greater intake of foods high in beta-cryptoxanthin, such as citrus fruit, may modestly lower the risk...

..We sought to investigate whether a polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1c (ADH1C) gene modifies the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes...

..Overall, the effects of polymorphic variation on protein function are subtle, and further investigation is required to provide a comprehensive mechanism that explains the observed associations of these variants with risk for cancer...

..Arsenic exposure may alter the efficiency of DNA repair. UV damage is specifically repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and common genetic variants in NER may increase risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)...

..Statistical power to examine associations by colon site has been limited in previous studies...

..We examined the influence of CYP2C9*2 (R144C) and CYP2C9*3 (I359L) variants on dose-related response or toxicity in a randomized trial of celecoxib...

..68 (95% CI, 2.03-3.54) compared with nonsmokers of blood type O. We concluded that ABO genotypes were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk...

..On the other hand, some epidemiologic studies suggest that the Ala allele is associated with a higher risk of cancer, including prostate cancer...

..Specific attention is paid to current trends and controversies related to pharmacologic management, including the use of oral, topical, and injectable agents...

..Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain...

..Two non-synonymous MGMT coding region variants, Leu84Phe and Ile143Val, lie in close proximity to the reactive 145Cys residue and to a conserved estrogen receptor interacting helix...

..We validated and screened for variants in the ESR2 gene and examined whether they are associated with endometrial cancer risk...

..Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher M:L BMD ratio would be associated with medial bone marrow lesions, and that lower ratios would be associated with lateral bone marrow lesions...

..This study evaluated whether the effect of body weight on progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) differs depending on the degree of limb malalignment...

..However, a Western-type diet may elevate risk of breast cancer among smokers, and a prudent diet may protect against estrogen receptive-negative tumors...

..Our results indicate that individuals exposed to tobacco carcinogens were at increased risk of colorectal cancer and that overall risk is related to mEH and CYP2C9 genotype, although the results were not consistent between men and women...

..Cross-sectional study...

..However, these data suggest that longer AR [CAG](n) repeat alleles may increase breast cancer risk among women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer...

..We investigated whether the 8q24 and 17q risk variants are associated with clinical variables as well as prostate cancer mortality...

..Associations for total fruits and vegetables were similar for different histologic types. These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption in adulthood has no important association with the risk of ovarian cancer...

..Our results suggest that the VDR may be a mediator of breast cancer risk and could represent a target for cancer prevention efforts...

..These results suggest that the germline variants in HSD17B1 characterized by these htSNPs do not substantially influence the risk of prostate cancer in U.S. and European whites...

..No evidence was found that vitamins A, C and E; folate; or carotenoids play an important protective role against incident SCC...

..However, we cannot rule out the possibility that our results are due to residual confounding by smoking. The primary focus for reducing lung cancer incidence should continue to be smoking prevention and cessation...

..The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between age, sex and body mass index (BMI) and lumbar spine degeneration features evaluated on computed tomography (CT) in a community-based sample...

..The common G allele of the A23G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of BCC and SCC and this polymorphism appeared to be the determining polymorphism in XPA that alters cancer susceptibility...

..The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is required for actions of vitamin D. The binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to the VDR on prostatic epithelial cells prompts the regulation of cancer-related genes...

..Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation...

..Overall, results suggest no association between intake of any type of fat and ovarian cancer...

..These data do not support an important relation between fat or cholesterol intakes and lung cancer risk. The means to prevent this important disease remains avoidance of smoking...

..Alcohol intake was associated with BCC, but the association appeared to be different for each type of alcoholic beverage. Other studies are needed to confirm these results...

..Examples will be given of how use of molecular techniques is informative in epidemiological studies of cancer and is predicted to lead to improvements in cancer incidence, early detection, and mortality...

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..Genome-wide association studies have identified novel type 2 diabetes loci, each of which has a modest impact on risk...

..We examined reported associations between radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 2 candidate genes associated with OA in other joints: estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2)...

..These results suggest that MDA will provide a sufficiently robust amplification of limiting samples of genomic DNA that can be used for SNP genotyping in large case-control studies of complex diseases...

..To confirm reports that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency is associated with an increased risk of joint space narrowing or cartilage loss in osteoarthritis (OA)...

..Knee buckling is common in persons with advanced knee osteoarthritis and after orthopedic procedures. Its prevalence in the community is unknown...

..05). However, no overall effect was demonstrated between LTA gene polymorphisms and risk of CHD...

..Our results corroborate previous findings for MTHFR Ala(222)Val and suggest that other genes involved in one-carbon metabolism, particularly those that affect DNA methylation, may be associated with colorectal cancer risk...

..590). Although the gene responsible has yet to be identified, the validation of this marker in this large sample of prostate cancer cases leaves little room for the possibility of a false-positive result...

..Cross-sectional study...

..Mutations or rare variants in these genes have been proposed as potential contributors to more common forms of SCD, but this hypothesis has not been assessed systematically...

..Thus, although genetic variation in CYP19A1 produces measurable differences in estrogen levels among postmenopausal women, the magnitude of the change was insufficient to contribute detectably to breast cancer...

..We estimate that the population attributable risk of the new locus, marked by rs6983267, is higher than the locus marked by rs1447295 (21% versus 9%)...

..00). The associations observed were generally similar across studies, for both sexes, and for colon cancer and rectal cancer. These pooled data did not suggest that carotenoids play an important role in the etiology of colorectal cancer...

..These results suggest that consumption of the major carotenoids during adulthood does not play a major role in the incidence of ovarian cancer...

..05 level compared with an estimated 1,343 that would be expected by chance, indicating that many additional common susceptibility alleles may be identifiable by this approach...

..We conclude that the MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphism is a less substantial independent risk factor for colorectal cancer compared to the 677C>T polymorphism...

..Understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer may ultimately result in improvements in prevention, early detection, and treatment...

..Although smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, much is unknown about lung cancer etiology, including risk determinants for nonsmokers and modifying factors for smokers...

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..The Val/Val genotype was over five times more frequent in PDA cases with a K-ras mutation than in wild-type cases (OR = 5.25; P = 0.121). In PDA, polymorphisms in CYP1B1 might be related with K-ras activation pathways...

..Our findings point to multiple loci with moderate effects associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer that, taken together, in the future may predict high risk in select individuals...

..In summary, the impact of genetic variation in IGF1 and IGFBP3 on circulating IGF levels does not appear to substantially influence breast cancer risk substantially among primarily Caucasian postmenopausal women...

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..The aim of this randomised, single-blind controlled trial is to determine whether hip abductor and adductor muscle strengthening can reduce knee load and improve pain and physical function in people with medial compartment knee OA...

..This allele is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the FUT2 nonsecretor variant encoding W143X, suggesting a plausible mechanism for altered B(12) absorption and plasma levels...

..The methods utilized in this study, applied to multiple populations, provide a framework for testing in association studies in diverse populations...

..Our findings do not support the hypothesis that common germ line variation in CYP17 makes a substantial contribution to postmenopausal breast or prostate cancer susceptibility...

..Genetic variation in this enzyme may modulate the influence of aspirin and smoking on adenoma risk...

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..Although many studies have investigated the association between anthropometry and ovarian cancer risk, results have been inconsistent...

..They conclude that confirmation of risk genotypes would also be useful in identifying persons at high risk of colon cancer and assist in focusing screening efforts. ..

..5 or greater for the main effects of most of the genotypes of interest. We will also have substantial power to detect interactions between these genotypes and established breast cancer risk factors. ..

..Understanding the causes of the age-related shortening of telomeres may offer modifiable means of reducing breast cancer risk. ..

..Understanding the causes of the age-related shortening of telomeres may offer modifiable means of reducing breast cancer risk. ..

..They conclude that confirmation of risk genotypes would also be useful in identifying persons at high risk of colon cancer and assist in focusing screening efforts. ..

..The availability of this information is critical to our ability to appropriately counsel women with these genotypes. ..

..Understanding the causes of the age-related shortening of telomeres may offer modifiable means of reducing breast cancer risk. ..