D J Hunter

..This article describes the intervention, the empirical evidence to support it, and test-retest reliability data...

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..The aim of this randomised, single-blind controlled trial is to determine whether hip abductor and adductor muscle strengthening can reduce knee load and improve pain and physical function in people with medial compartment knee OA...

..It is also apparent that malalignment changes with disease progression and is itself possibly influenced by structural changes within the joint...

..Our objective was to assess the rate of natural disease progression of cartilage morphometry measures from baseline to 1 year in knees with osteoarthritis (OA) from a subset of participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)...

..There are several ways that mechanical forces across the joint can be measured, including many that rely heavily on imaging methods. These are described and methods to advance the field are proposed...

..This review discusses promising biologic therapies for the treatment of OA. Investigators are developing promising therapies, but we need to pay heed to the lessons learned thus far if new therapies are to be effective...

..Much has been learned during recent years, but much of this puzzle remains unexplored or inadequately understood...

..It provides the clinician with an overview of the available treatments in line with the guidelines of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and the European League Against Rheumatism...

..The authors hope that at the end of this narrative review the reader will appreciate the complexities of this rapidly evolving field and of the development of disease-modifying drugs for osteoarthritis drugs...

..A narrative review describing the assessment of osteoarthritis (OA) progression, and more specifically the risk factors which assist in delineating strata of individuals at greatest risk for more rapid progression...

..To ascertain the contribution of articular cartilage morphometry and meniscal position on MRI to joint space width (JSW) measured in the Lyon schuss radiograph of the knee...

..The aim of the present study was to evaluate the architecture of subchondral bone in regions with and without BMLs from the same individual using bone histomorphometry...

..This article represents the literature in that much of the focus and understanding is knee centric with less focus on the hip and hand...

..Additionally, MRI has the potential for assessing the effect of risk factors for epidemiologic investigation and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in OA clinical trials...

..Much has been learned over recent years; however, for the budding researcher much of this puzzle remains unexplored or inadequately understood...

..The authors encourage active clinician involvement and instilling self-management strategies in patients to further promote effective long-term treatment of this pervasive disease...

..Rather it would appear that exercise has positive salutory benefits for joint tissues in addition to its other health benefits...

..This discussion is a narrative review in a field that is rapidly evolving. It is hoped the reader appreciates the complexity of the field and the likely road ahead to DMOAD development...

..To review radiographic and MRI developments in measuring osteoarthritis progression in the tibiofemoral compartment of the knee...

..The article is consistent with the literature in that much of the focus and understanding is knee-centric with less focus on the hip and hand...

..This review proposes a path that may be suitable for osteoarthritis and poses some logical next steps that will take us in this direction...

..We examined if by selecting regions of interest with denuded cartilage, the remaining cartilage within this region of interest was susceptible to greater rates of cartilage loss...

..There are several ways the mechanical forces across the joint can be measured, including some that rely heavily on imaging methods. These are described and methods to advance the field are proposed...

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..The primary outcome was the cartilage thickness in the central medial femur...

..4. The lack of an established effect on CYP19 function associated with the 10 allele means that these findings should be interpreted with caution...

..However, our findings of differences in associations for UGT1A1 and AIB1 genotypes with breast density by menopausal status needs additional corroboration...

..We hypothesized that in knees with OA, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), synovitis, and effusion would be associated with weight-bearing and (less so with) non-weight-bearing pain independently...

..In this study, we examined the intake of specific types of dietary fat and protein in relation to the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..Furthermore, studies of vitamins A, C, and E in relation to breast cancer risk are inconclusive. We have conducted a large, prospective study to evaluate long-term intakes of these nutrients and breast cancer risk...

..Risk factors for pain and structural progression in PF OA are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the association between patella malalignment and its relation to pain severity, and PF OA disease progression...

..To explore the relative contribution of hyaline cartilage morphologic features and the meniscus to the radiographic joint space...

..Folate is involved in DNA synthesis and methylation and may reduce breast cancer risk, particularly among women with greater alcohol consumption...

..To investigate the association of different types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected medial meniscal pathology with subregional cartilage loss in the medial tibiofemoral compartment...

..We examined prospectively intakes of vitamins A. C, and E, folate, and specific carotenoids in relation to the risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in women...

..Further research is needed to determine whether low-dose oestrogen pills in particular are associated with an increase in risk and to describe possible interactions between OC use and sun exposure or other risk factors for melanoma...

..We hypothesized that knees with higher M:L BMD, consistent with increased medial subchondral BMD, would be associated with medial meniscal damage, and lower ratios with lateral meniscal damage...

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..Antioxidant vitamins may decrease risk of cancer by limiting oxidative DNA damage leading to cancer initiation. Few prospective studies have assessed relations between antioxidant vitamins and ovarian carcinoma...

..To examine whether the quantity of cartilage or semiquantitative scores actually differ in knees with mild radiographic osteoarthritis compared with knees without osteoarthritis...

..We measured various knee alignment indices among Chinese and Caucasians and assessed whether these indices were different between the two racial groups...

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..02). These prospective data, which need to be confirmed in other studies, suggest that polymorphisms in the NAT genes confer differential susceptibility to the effect of red meat consumption on colorectal cancer risk...

..These data suggest that inherited variants in ESR2 (while possibly conferring a small increased risk of breast cancer) are not associated with appreciable (OR > 1.2) changes in breast cancer risk among Caucasian women...

..CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption during adulthood is not significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk...

..11 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.39) for women who were breastfed compared with those who were not. Data from these two large cohorts do not support the hypothesis that being breastfed confers protection against subsequent breast cancer...

..83 for PCB 153 (95% CI: 0.47-1.48), and 0.98 for PCB 180 (95% CI: 0.55-1.75). Sub-group analyses were also performed. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDT and PCBs increases the risk of breast cancer...

..We observed no evidence of differential susceptibility to these exposures by NAT2 genotype...

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..Increased physical activity has been hypothesized to be a means of breast cancer prevention. We examined the associations between physical activity at two different times in life and breast cancer risk...

..There is limited published research examining lipid-soluble vitamins in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women, particularly in resource-limited settings...

..To evaluate the effect of meniscal damage on the development of frequent knee pain, aching, or stiffness in middle-aged and older adults...

..Higher intake of vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables, may reduce the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women...

..Also, the association between never smoking and PD risk may be present only in people with the MAOB G allele...

..To explore the role of meniscal tears and meniscal malposition as risk factors for subsequent cartilage loss in subjects with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA)...

..These results suggest that CYP17 genotype may possibly confer a small increased susceptibility to prostate cancer but is not a strong predictor of endogenous steroid hormone levels in men...

..To assess the cross-sectional association between meniscal status and joint effusion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in knees without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA)...

..Because an elevated risk among multivitamin users was not observed consistently in the two cohorts and the pooled data were not significant, the elevated risk among women may be the result of chance...

..We assessed dietary iron intake and genetic and biochemical markers of iron status in a prospective, nested case-control study of women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study...

..91, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.04). This preliminary finding suggests the possibility that the putative beneficial effect of vitamin D on MS risk maybe attenuated in individuals carrying the HLA-DR15 MS risk allele...

..Bone is thought to play an important role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. Our aim was to look at specific features of OA and their relation to the ratio of medial:lateral tibial plateau bone mineral density (M:L BMD Ratio)...

..To examine prospectively the association between modern oral contraceptives with low doses of estrogen and progestin and subsequent incidence of NIDDM...

..In the present study we considered the possible relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA)...

..We thus examined this issue in a large cohort of women, using several different measures of adult physical activity...

..Low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of infant death, but little is known about its causes among HIV-infected populations in sub-Saharan Africa...

..There is little information, however, about the direct effect of night work on the risk of cancer. We investigated the effect of night work in breast cancer...

..The only prospective study to date reported a positive association between frequent vigorous exercise and ovarian cancer risk. We further evaluated this relationship in the Nurses' Health Study cohort...

..to aid decision making regarding potential prevention options for breast cancer, including chemoprevention with tamoxifen...

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..ABO blood type is an inherited characteristic that in previous small studies has been associated with the risk of gastrointestinal malignancies...

..This study suggests that the Arg72Pro polymorphism may play a role in skin carcinogenesis...

..05) was suggested. These findings suggest that the HSD17B1 may be associated with circulating estradiol levels and interact with body mass index in postmenopausal breast cancer...

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..In this study, we conducted a prospective analysis of perineal talc use and the risk of ovarian cancer...

..We sought to identify the common genetic variants associated with IL-18 levels...

..Cross-sectional study...

..Arsenic exposure may alter the efficiency of DNA repair. UV damage is specifically repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and common genetic variants in NER may increase risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)...

..Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher M:L BMD ratio would be associated with medial bone marrow lesions, and that lower ratios would be associated with lateral bone marrow lesions...

..We validated and screened for variants in the ESR2 gene and examined whether they are associated with endometrial cancer risk...

..This study evaluated whether the effect of body weight on progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) differs depending on the degree of limb malalignment...

..Statistical power to examine associations by colon site has been limited in previous studies...

..Our results indicate that individuals exposed to tobacco carcinogens were at increased risk of colorectal cancer and that overall risk is related to mEH and CYP2C9 genotype, although the results were not consistent between men and women...

..We sought to investigate whether a polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1c (ADH1C) gene modifies the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes...

..Overall, the effects of polymorphic variation on protein function are subtle, and further investigation is required to provide a comprehensive mechanism that explains the observed associations of these variants with risk for cancer...

..68 (95% CI, 2.03-3.54) compared with nonsmokers of blood type O. We concluded that ABO genotypes were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk...

..Although smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer, greater intake of foods high in beta-cryptoxanthin, such as citrus fruit, may modestly lower the risk...

..Our objective was to determine whether markers of bone resorption and formation could serve as markers for the presence of bone marrow lesions (BMLs)...

..Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain...

..Two non-synonymous MGMT coding region variants, Leu84Phe and Ile143Val, lie in close proximity to the reactive 145Cys residue and to a conserved estrogen receptor interacting helix...

..We examined the influence of CYP2C9*2 (R144C) and CYP2C9*3 (I359L) variants on dose-related response or toxicity in a randomized trial of celecoxib...

..On the other hand, some epidemiologic studies suggest that the Ala allele is associated with a higher risk of cancer, including prostate cancer...

..Specific attention is paid to current trends and controversies related to pharmacologic management, including the use of oral, topical, and injectable agents...

..A long-standing hypothesis has been that inherited variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene plays a role in prostate cancer initiation. However, studies to date have been inconclusive and often suffered from small sample sizes...

..However, a Western-type diet may elevate risk of breast cancer among smokers, and a prudent diet may protect against estrogen receptive-negative tumors...

..No evidence was found that vitamins A, C and E; folate; or carotenoids play an important protective role against incident SCC...

..However, we cannot rule out the possibility that our results are due to residual confounding by smoking. The primary focus for reducing lung cancer incidence should continue to be smoking prevention and cessation...

..The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between age, sex and body mass index (BMI) and lumbar spine degeneration features evaluated on computed tomography (CT) in a community-based sample...

..Cross-sectional study...