S J Goldie

..Our objective was to provide information on the expected health, economic and financial consequences of rotavirus vaccines in the 72 GAVI support-eligible countries...

..g., the possibility of reinfection and varying degrees of partial immunity conferred by natural infection), and assess the influence of the features on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination...

..Our objective was to assess the potential impact of PCVs of different valences in The Gambia...

..To explore the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...

..We explored the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of introducing an HPV16/18 vaccine in a population with an organized cervical cancer screening program...

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..To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing as a primary screening test in combination with cervical cytology in women aged 30 years or more...

..Evaluating cancer screening often requires modeling the underlying disease process and not observed disease, particularly in the absence of direct evidence linking screening to a survival benefit...

..The major complications of pelvic inflammatory disease (infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain) are the leading cause of non-HIV sexually transmitted disease morbidity in the United States...

..These include a better understanding of the heterogeneity of vaccine response, the effect of type-specific vaccination on other HPV types and the degree to which vaccination effect persists over time...

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..Women with HIV infection have a higher risk for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than do women without HIV infection, and the optimal regimen for cervical cancer screening in these women is uncertain...

..Homosexual and bisexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus-related anal neoplasia and anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)...

..Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. In such low-resource settings, cytology-based screening is difficult to implement, and less complex strategies may offer additional options...

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..This study was designed to examine the societal cost-effectiveness and the impact on government payers of earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy for uninsured HIV-infected adults...

..CONCLUSION: Reflex HPV DNA testing provides the same or greater life expectancy benefits and is more cost-effective than other management strategies for women diagnosed as having ASC-US...

..Primary resistance testing also seems to be reasonably cost-effective and will become more so as the prevalence of primary resistance increases...

..CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy for moderate hepatitis in coinfected patients will increase quality-adjusted life expectancy and have a cost-effectiveness ratio comparable to that of other well-accepted clinical interventions...

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..CONCLUSIONS: HPV DNA testing has the potential to improve health benefits at a reasonable cost compared with current screening policies in four European countries...

..In a resource-constrained setting such as Brazil, our results support that the first priority in reducing cervical cancer mortality should be to vaccinate pre-adolescent girls...

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..S. Although national efforts have been made to improve maternal services in the last decade, it is unclear if Millennium Development Goal 5--to reduce maternal mortality by three-quarters by 2015--will be met...

..The role of vaccination against HPV types 16 and 18, which is recommended routinely for preadolescent girls, is unclear in this age group...

..quot; In TMP/SMX-intolerant patients, dapsone is more cost-effective than atovaquone...

..In the absence of prospective clinical trials, debridement and retention is a reasonable strategy for treatment of older persons with staphylococcal or streptococcal infection and a nonloosened prosthesis...

..Motor vehicle crashes continue to cause significant mortality and morbidity in the United States. Installation of air bags in new passenger vehicles is a major initiative in the field of injury prevention...

..The aim of the study was to quantify the benefits (life expectancy gains) and risks (efavirenz-related teratogenicity) associated with using efavirenz in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in the USA...

..Guidelines regarding the frequency of CD4 cell count and HIV RNA monitoring in HIV-infected patients vary, with recommended strategies ranging from every 2 to every 6 months...

..trachomatis screening for all women 15 to 29 years of age and selective targeting of those with a history of infection for semiannual screening is very cost-effective compared with other well-accepted clinical interventions...

..Our objective was to project the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent LTFU from HIV care in West Africa...

..Sentinel testing programs for HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings can inform policy on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and drug sequencing...

..Information from opinion polls suggests citizens favor spending a higher proportion of all health care dollars on prevention rather than treatment...

..CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the status quo of opportunistic screening, adopting a policy of organized, mass cervical screening in Hong Kong can substantially increase benefits and reduce costs...

..Adherence interventions with modest effectiveness are likely to provide long-term survival benefit to patients and to be cost-effective compared with other uses of HIV care funds...

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..Widespread acceptance of the methodology likely awaits more consensus on measurement techniques, as well as educational efforts in the public health and medical communities on the usefulness of the approach...

..If the cost per vaccinated girl is less than I$25 HPV-16/18 vaccination would be very cost-effective in all 33 countries; for it to be affordable, costs may need to be lower...

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..Our objective was to use these data to examine the cost-effectiveness of treating HCV in an urban cohort of co-infected patients...

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..As antiretroviral therapy is increasingly used in settings with limited resources, key questions about the timing of treatment and use of diagnostic tests to guide clinical decisions must be addressed...

..The objective of this review is to highlight points of consensus and qualitative themes, to discuss the areas of divergent findings, and to provide insight into critical decisions related to cervical cancer prevention...

..The authors found that leveraging primary data from longitudinal studies provides unique opportunities for model parameterization of the unobservable nature of HPV infection and its role in the development of cervical cancer...

..S. policy choices for cervical cancer prevention, we developed a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, explicitly incorporating uncertainty about the natural history of disease...

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..The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) is an important consideration for guidelines for immunization in the United States...

..We assess the cost-effectiveness of on-site prenatal syphilis screening with newly available rapid point-of-care screening tests in sub-Saharan Africa...

..e., <$5 per dose), and screening is offered at older ages...

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..As better data become available, the model can be refined and recalibrated, and, as such, be used as an iterative tool to assess the likely health and economic outcomes associated with gastric cancer prevention strategies...

..Concerns about financial costs and affordability highlight the need for lowering vaccine prices, cost-efficient mechanisms for delivery of vaccinations to adolescents, and creative sources of financing...

..These results illustrate the potential promise of a gastric cancer screening program and provide rationale for urgent clinical studies to move the prevention agenda forward...

..We sought to describe a method that explicitly considers both a health-care programmes cost-effectiveness and its affordability. For illustration, we apply the method to the programme to vaccinate infants against hepatitis B in the Gambia...

..We provide a tutorial introduction and demonstrate the application of common random numbers in an individual-level simulation model of the epidemiology of breast cancer...

..Despite differences in methods and assumptions, this paper identifies the qualitative themes that are consistent among studies, and highlights important methodological challenges and high-priority areas for further work...

..The objective of this study was to estimate the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of treatment and endoscopic surveillance to prevent gastric cancer...

..Because of the high cost of ENF compared with other antiretroviral agents, our objectives were to determine the potential long-term clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of ENF in these patients...

..Only 33% of eligible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in South Africa receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to estimate the impact of alternative ART scale-up scenarios on patient outcomes from 2007-2012...

..Approximately 2.7 million US individuals are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). As public health campaigns are pursued, a growing number of treatment candidates are likely to have minimal evidence of liver damage...

..91 months (cost-effectiveness ratio US$ 45,500/QALY). Even modestly effective therapeutic HIV vaccines may produce small but meaningful increases in life expectancy and compare favorably to alternative uses of scarce HIV care resources...

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..Our aim was to (1) retrospectively estimate the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and smoking on past gastric cancer incidence and (2) project how interventions on these two risk factors can reduce future incidence...

..Cervical-cancer screening strategies that involve the use of conventional cytology and require multiple visits have been impractical in developing countries...

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..This analysis provides a general framework to determine when issues of heterogeneity may be important...

..To assess the cost effectiveness of including preadolescent boys in a routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for preadolescent girls...

..To understand the potential impact of assumptions about the natural history of untreated Chlamydia trachomatis on the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies...

..To estimate incidence rates of opportunistic diseases (ODs) and mortality for patients with and without a history of OD among HIV-infected patients in Côte d'Ivoire...

..Our objective was to determine the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of genotype resistance testing for treatment-naive patients with chronic HIV infection...

..These results can assist decision makers and those planning clinical trials in defining evidence-based performance measures for primary HIV infection treatment and future trials...

..The prevalence of gonorrhea (GC) among adolescent and young women attending some urban emergency departments (EDs) ranges from 1% to 7%, but historically screening has not been logistically practical...

..This study identifies factors associated with the seating of children in the front seats of vehicles involved in fatal crashes between 1990 and 1998...

..Data on vancomycin's impact on resistance are needed to quantify the trade-off between individual patients' improved clinical outcomes and lower costs and the future long-term consequences to society...

..The 54 state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAP) provide medications to HIV-infected persons with limited resources. Eligibility and coverage vary, raising concerns about health inequities...

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..To estimate the treatment and health care costs of HIV infection or AIDS in France during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

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..In 2000, WHO/UNAIDS recommended co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for persons at early stages of HIV infection (WHO stage > or = 2) in sub-Saharan Africa...

..WNV can be transmitted by blood transfusion, and mandatory screening of blood for WNV was recently introduced throughout the US. Guidelines for selecting cost-effective strategies for screening blood for WNV do not exist...

..We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ALTS trial to determine whether HPV DNA testing is a cost-effective alternative to immediate colposcopy or conservative management with up to three cytology examinations...

..We sought to develop and validate a decision-analytic model for the natural history of cervical cancer for the German health care context and to apply it to cervical cancer screening...

..We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of two common strategies for managing early endometrial cancer as part of an Ontario population-based study...

..These findings have important implications both for individual clinical decisions and for broader public health policy...

..To date, model results are consistent in predicting a useful role for vaccine, but further epidemiological data are required to help test the validity of models...

..To conduct a clinical and economic evaluation of outpatient weight loss strategies in overweight and obese adult U.S. women...

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..This survey measured individuals' rationing allocation choices for situations in which patients are deemed to hold personal responsibility for their diseases and the influence of different arguments on such choices...

..A newly proposed, real-time, trigger-based screening strategy was analyzed and was also shown to be not cost-effective. These results were highly sensitive to pricing of screening assays...

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..The proposed analyses will provide important information to clinicians, public health providers, and policy makers in both the national and international arena. ..

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