Diane R Gold

..A modest number of prospective studies of the composition of the intestinal microbiota and eczema in early life have yielded conflicting results...

..For girls, overweight contributes to development of asthma. For boys and girls, extremes of annual BMI growth rates increase the risk of asthma...

..The relevance of the hygiene hypothesis to the U.S. urban situation is reviewed. Finally, we discuss community-level factors contributing to asthma disparities...

..Carbon monoxide was not a confounder of this association. ST-segment depression, possibly representing myocardial ischemia or inflammation, is associated with increased exposure to particles whose predominant source is traffic...

..However, both n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-6 arachidonic acid (AA) are required for normal fetal development...

..The purpose of this work was to examine the relation between cytokine secretions by cord blood mononuclear cells and acute lower respiratory illness in a birth cohort of 297 children...

..CONCLUSIONS: Increased ambient O3 pollution was associated with increased risk of episodes of rapid ventricular response due to PAF, thereby suggesting that community air pollution may be a precipitant of these events...

..Our findings suggest that maternal history of asthma influences the relation between day care-related exposures and childhood asthma...

..The objective of this study was to examine the relation between endotoxin exposure in early life and eczema in the first year of life in children with parental history of asthma or allergies...

..Polymorphisms in the endotoxin-mediated TLR4 pathway genes have been associated with asthma and atopy. We aimed to examine how genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity pathways interact with endotoxin to influence asthma risk in children...

..Objectives: Associations among prenatal maternal stress and cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) cytokine responses were prospectively examined in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma Study (n = 557 families)...

..We examined whether bottle feeding in the bed or crib before sleep time in the first year of life is associated with wheezing in the first 5 years of life...

..Low intakes of dietary antioxidants may contribute to increases in asthma and allergy...

..Few prospective data link early childhood adiposity with asthma-related symptoms...

..Whereas some evidence suggests that antigen sensitization may begin prenatally, the influence of maternal allergen exposure during pregnancy has not been fully elucidated...

..6 for a 1 microg/m(3) increase in 6-hour mean BC). In conclusion, after hospitalization for coronary artery disease, being in traffic and short-term ambient or indoor BC exposure increased TWA, a marker of cardiac electrical instability...

..Increased allergen-induced IL-13 secretion is most strongly associated with early life increase of IgE...

..Endotoxins are stimulators of the immune system and, despite their potential to protect against allergy, have been associated with early wheezing and asthma morbidity...

..Diabetes increases the risk of hypertension and orthostatic hypotension and raises the risk of cardiovascular death during heat waves and high pollution episodes...

..These results suggest that room-to-room and home-to-home differences in endotoxin influence the total variability more than factors affecting endotoxin levels within a room over time...

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..We examined the association between inflammation and autonomic dysfunction and effect modification of inflammation on the association between air pollution and heart rate variability (HRV) in elderly subjects...

..Increased cord blood IgE levels, in conjunction with a family history of atopy, are associated with the development of allergic diseases in children. However, little is known about predictors of cord blood IgE levels...

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..5. Although the different methods yield results with different interpretations, the relative rankings of the association between constituents and ischemic stroke were fairly consistent across models...

..We investigate the association between polymorphisms of genes in the innate immune pathway with childhood asthma and eczema. In addition, we compare individual associations with those discovered using a multivariate approach...

..Ambient particulate pollution and traffic have been linked to myocardial infarction and cardiac death risk. Possible mechanisms include autonomic cardiac dysfunction...

..There has been no longitudinal study of the relation between concurrent exposure to dust mite allergen and endotoxin in early life and asthma and atopy at school age...

..The relation between respiratory illnesses in early life and the development of asthma and atopy in childhood is incompletely understood...

..We examined the association between ambient air pollution levels and heart rate variability (HRV) in a panel study of 32 subjects...

..Studies on airway inflammation, measured as fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), have focused on its relation to control of asthma, but the contribution of allergen exposure to the increase in FENO levels is unknown...

..Because these risks may be particularly great for traffic-related particles, we examined associations between particles and heart rate variability as 44 subjects participated in 4 repeated trips aboard a diesel bus...

..Early-life endotoxin-related reduction of IL-13 production might represent one pathway through which increased endotoxin decreases the risk of allergic disease and allergy in later childhood...

..However, the role of these factors in the development of asthma in later life among children who do not develop perinatal respiratory disease remains unclear...

..We investigated the associations between fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) and blood pressure during 631 repeated visits for cardiac rehabilitation in 62 Boston residents with cardiovascular disease...

..Psychologic stress modifies immune function and cytokine production...

..Studies have found that exposure to mice is highly prevalent among children with asthma living in urban areas...

..There was no association between wheezing and exposure to dog or dog allergen, and the father's allergy status had no effect on the relation between childhood wheezing and cat exposure...

..Previous studies have found associations between individual foods or nutrients consumed during pregnancy and asthma or wheeze in children, but these may be confounded by overall dietary pattern...

..Vitamin D deficiency and asthma are common at higher latitudes. Although vitamin D has important immunologic effects, its relation with asthma is unknown...

..The implications of these findings for future development of allergy or asthma are, as yet, unknown...

..The association of particulate matter (PM) with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well documented. PM-induced ischemia is considered a potential mechanism linking PM to adverse cardiovascular outcomes...

..Asthma is common in minority and disadvantaged populations, whereas atopic disorders other than asthma appear to be less prevalent. It is unclear whether the same holds true for objective markers of sensitization...

..Children spend a significant amount of time in school. Little is known about the role of allergen exposure in school environments and asthma morbidity...

..To investigate the relationship between current and early life factors and airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in children with a median age of 7.0 years...

..The associations with sulfate suggest a link with stationary fossil fuel combustion sources...

..S. adults, and may be more prevalent in poor urban environments. SDB and air pollution have been linked to increased cardiovascular diseases and mortality, but the association between pollution and SDB is poorly understood...

..Exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early life may influence adiposity development...

..We examined the association between exposure to violence and asthma among urban children...

..We have extended this to include a longitudinal analysis with more subjects and examination of the GT short tandem repeat polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) promoter...

..The association between allergens in schools and childhood asthma has not been well studied, particularly in the United States...

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..4; OR for two or more versus no courses of antibiotics, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.4). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that antibiotic use in early life is associated with the subsequent development of asthma and atopy in childhood...

..We examined whether endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular reactivity was associated with particle exposure in individuals with and without diabetes...

..Further investigation may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms through which particulates may increase respiratory and cardiac morbidity among vulnerable populations...

..Studies of the relation between cesarean delivery and allergic diseases in children not selected on the basis of a family history of atopy have yielded inconsistent findings...

..However, children with parental history of asthma or allergies who have frequent early wheeze, in particular, are at greatly increased risk of asthma and merit close clinical follow-up...

..The allergenicity of dust mite exposure might be dependent on variants in the gene for IL-10 (IL10)...

..07), with adjustment for race and poverty. We conclude that cockroach and cat allergens may contribute to asthma morbidity in sensitized women...

..2-26) among the 360 children in households with dust endotoxin levels between the 5th and 95th percentiles...

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..High measured fungal concentrations and reports of water damage, mold, or mildew in homes may predispose children with a family history of asthma or allergy to the development of allergic rhinitis...

..Variants in the CD14 gene (CD14) are hypothesized to be associated with atopic disorders. However, most studies have only investigated one polymorphism in this gene...

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..We found modest positive associations between PM2.5 and indicators of systemic inflammation, with larger associations suggested for individuals with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and elevated mean inflammatory markers...

..It has been hypothesized that day care--related infections may explain the inverse relation between day care attendance in early life and asthma in childhood...

..These findings suggest a more direct mechanism may be operating between stress and wheeze in early childhood. Stress may contribute significantly to the population burden of preventable childhood respiratory illness...

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..Actual mechanisms remain unknown, but fungi and their components (glucans, mycotoxins, and proteins) may increase the risk of LRI by acting as irritants or through increasing susceptibility to infection...

..Understanding early-life immune mechanisms responsible for atopic diseases, specifically how cytokines of T-regulatory cells act to balance the Th1 and Th2 immune response, continues to be a fruitful area of research...

..These findings suggest that genetic and pre- and perinatal influences are important in the early presentation of this condition...

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..Mite and cockroach allergens have distinct and opposite associations with socioeconomic factors and population density...

..However, little is known about the immunological effects of microbial stimulation on early immune responses and in association with maternal atopy...

..5 and HRV. The results suggest that the cardiovascular effects of ambient ultrafine and PM2.5 can differ from each other and that their effect may be modified by the characteristics of the exposed subjects and the sources of PM2.5...

..This study tests the hypothesis that ETS exposure reduces HRV in the general population and discusses possible pathways...

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..23, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49). This appears to have been the first study to measure all of these home exposures (indoor allergens, nitrogen dioxide, fungi) and to prospectively measure the frequency of infant wheeze and persistent cough...

..Positive skin tests to allergens derived from mouse urine have been reported among patients with asthma. Very few data are available detailing the titer of IgE Ab to mouse allergen and how it varies by location and population...

..These data suggest that the Limulus assay may underestimate exposure to certain types of LPS. Because nontoxic LPS may have immune modulating effects, analysis of 3-OHFAs may be useful in epidemiologic studies...

..Whether differential NF-kappaB activity in cord blood is related to the subsequent development of immune diseases requires further investigation...

..Regular physical exercise has strong beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic nervous function and thus appears to offset the negative effect of obesity on HRV...

..Knowledge of past pet ownership can improve pet allergen exposure assessment by means of questionnaire. However, for epidemiologic purposes, measured concentrations of allergens are necessary...

..Short-term studies have shown that subjects exposed to higher traffic-associated air pollutant levels have lower HRV...