Research Topics
| S N GhaemiSummaryAffiliation: Harvard University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Antidepressant discontinuation in bipolar depression: a Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) randomized clinical trial of long-term effectiveness and safetyS Nassir Ghaemi
Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Box 1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 71:372-80. 2010..To assess long-term effectiveness and safety of randomized antidepressant discontinuation after acute recovery from bipolar depression...
Oxcarbazepine treatment of bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, Mass, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 64:943-5. 2003..To assess the effectiveness and safety of oxcarbazepine in bipolar disorder...
Topiramate treatment of bipolar spectrum disorders: a retrospective chart reviewS N Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 13:185-9. 2001..Topiramate response and weight loss were both dose-related, with efficacy, in particular, associated with higher doses (mean = 180 mg/day) than frequently used in current clinical practice...
Oxcarbazepine treatment of refractory bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart reviewS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Bipolar Disord 4:70-4. 2002..To determine if oxcarbazepine is effective as treatment for refractory bipolar illness in a naturalistic setting...
Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6:303-8. 2003..Further, RCTs only establish a categorical response to a research question, i.e. whether or not something happens. The frequency of an event (treatment response, side-effects) is often more accurately assessed with observational studies...
Antidepressants in bipolar disorder: the case for cautionS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
Bipolar Disord 5:421-33. 2003....
Antidepressant treatment in bipolar versus unipolar depressionS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, MA 02139, USA
Am J Psychiatry 161:163-5. 2004..Antidepressant responses were compared in DSM-IV bipolar and unipolar depression...
Strategies for preventing the recurrence of bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Mass 02139, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 65:16-23. 2004..Some psychotherapies also may possess adjunctive maintenance efficacy...
Long-term observational comparison of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 16:69-73. 2004..EPS was similar, and tardive dyskinesia did not occur. Risperidone and olanzapine appeared to have similar real-world maintenance effectiveness for bipolar disorder, but differed somewhat in side effects...
Sensitivity and specificity of a new bipolar spectrum diagnostic scaleS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J Affect Disord 84:273-7. 2005..To assess the sensitivity and specificity of a self-report questionnaire for bipolar disorder, the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS)...
"Cade's disease" and beyond: misdiagnosis, antidepressant use, and a proposed definition for bipolar spectrum disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Can J Psychiatry 47:125-34. 2002..The role of antidepressants is also controversial. Our review of the evidence leads us to conclude that there should be less emphasis on using antidepressants to treat persons with this illness...
Gabapentin treatment of the non-refractory bipolar spectrum: an open case seriesS N Ghaemi
Psychopharmacology Program, Cambridge Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
J Affect Disord 65:167-71. 2001..To determine if gabapentin is effective in monotherapy or add-on treatment of non-refractory bipolar disorder in open prospective treatment...
Long-term naturalistic treatment of depressive symptoms in bipolar illness with divalproex vs. lithium in the setting of minimal antidepressant useS N Ghaemi
Psychopharmacology Program, Cambridge Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
J Affect Disord 65:281-7. 2001..Both agents, but particularly divalproex, demonstrated long-term antidepressant effects, with limited adjunctive standard antidepressant use...
A prospective, open-label study of Aripiprazole mono- and adjunctive treatment in acute bipolar depressionRobert T Dunn
Psychopharmacology Research Program, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
J Affect Disord 110:70-4. 2008..To examine the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole treatment for acute bipolar depression...
Depressive illness burden associated with complex polypharmacy in patients with bipolar disorder: findings from the STEP-BDJoseph F Goldberg
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 70:155-62. 2009..Many patients with bipolar disorder receive multi-drug treatment regimens, but the distinguishing profiles of patients who receive complex pharmacologies have not been established...
Combination of a mood stabilizer with risperidone or haloperidol for treatment of acute mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of efficacy and safetyGary S Sachs
Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 580, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Am J Psychiatry 159:1146-54. 2002..The study assessed the efficacy and safety of risperidone as an adjunctive agent to mood stabilizers in the treatment of acute mania...
Long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorder: meta-analyses of benefits and risksS N Ghaemi
Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Acta Psychiatr Scand 118:347-56. 2008..Long-term antidepressant (AD) treatment for depression in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients is highly prevalent, but its benefits and risks remain uncertain, encouraging this meta-analysis of available research...
Does olanzapine have antidepressant properties? A retrospective preliminary studyS N Ghaemi
Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Boston 02114, USA
Bipolar Disord 2:196-9. 2000..We sought to determine if olanzapine is effective in the add-on treatment of major affective disorders, particularly depressive symptoms, in a naturalistic setting...
The impact of the discovery of lithium on psychiatric thought and practice in the USA and EuropeF K Goodwin
Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 33:S54-64. 1999..In addition, the development of lithium has demonstrated the closely intertwined purposes of clinical and basic research, and the continued importance of research in the clinical setting...
The treatment of bipolar depressionG S Sachs
Massachusetts General Hospital, Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
Bipolar Disord 2:256-60. 2000..This paper reviews the available literature on the treatment of bipolar depression and offers recommendations for clinical management...
Why antidepressants are not antidepressants: STEP-BD, STAR*D, and the return of neurotic depressionS Nassir Ghaemi
Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, 1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Bipolar Disord 10:957-68. 2008..Diagnostic criteria for a revival of the concept of neurotic depression are proposed...
Use of atypical antipsychotic agents in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders: review of the empirical literatureS N Ghaemi
Center on Neuroscience, Medical Progress, and Society, Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
J Clin Psychopharmacol 19:354-61. 1999..If randomized or double-blind data support the open-label data reviewed here, atypical antipsychotic agents may possess an important role in the adjunctive treatment of bipolar disorder...
Effectiveness and safety of long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorderS N Ghaemi
Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 62:565-9. 2001..We sought to review research on use of antidepressants for long-term treatment of bipolar depression...
Long-term outcome with divalproex in children and adolescents with bipolar disorderCharles A Henry
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 13:523-9. 2003..One third of the patients discontinued treatment secondary to side effects, including a case of reversible liver enzyme elevation...
Substance use disorder and other predictors of antidepressant-induced mania: a retrospective chart reviewSumita G Manwani
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 67:1341-5. 2006..Type II illness, female gender, and TCA use also appeared to be predictors of ADM, while bupropion use appeared to predict lower likelihood of ADM...
Predictors of response to ziprasidone: results from a 6-week randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for acute depressive mixed stateC U Pae
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Pharmacopsychiatry 45:152-5. 2012..The present study is aimed at investigating possible predictors of response to ziprasidone in a sample of patients with mixed depressive state...
The emergency treatment of depression complicated by psychosis or agitationR L Glick
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 61:43-8. 2000..This article will review relevant data and make recommendations for the emergency management of psychotic and agitated depressive syndromes...
Pramipexole augmentation in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression: a retrospective chart reviewJ Sporn
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 12:137-40. 2000..To assess the effectiveness and safety of pramipexole as an adjunctive medication in refractory bipolar and unipolar depression in a naturalistic setting...
Insight in psychosis: a systematic review of treatment interventionsCharles Henry
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
Psychopathology 37:194-9. 2004..We conclude that this literature suggests potentially useful options for clinicians, but further research is needed with better validated insight scales...
Is adjunctive open-label zonisamide effective for bipolar disorder?S Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
J Affect Disord 105:311-4. 2008..To assess the effectiveness and safety of zonisamide in bipolar disorder...
Long-term lamotrigine plus lithium for bipolar disorder: One year outcomeS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, GA, USA
J Psychiatr Pract 12:300-5. 2006..To obtain pilot data in an observational setting on the use of lamotrigine plus lithium in the long-term treatment of patients with bipolar disorder, 87% of whom had failed to respond to at least one previous mood stabilizer...
Cholesterol levels in mood disorders: high or low?S N Ghaemi
Harvard Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Bipolar Disord 2:60-4. 2000..To assess cholesterol levels in patients with mood disorders...
An open prospective study of zonisamide in acute bipolar depressionS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
J Clin Psychopharmacol 26:385-8. 2006..To examine the effectiveness and safety of zonisamide in the treatment of acute bipolar depression...
Divalproex in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot studyS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:1840-4. 2007..To determine the efficacy of divalproex (extended release) in the treatment of acute nonrefractory bipolar depression...
The prescription of psychotropic medications for patients discharged from a psychiatric emergency serviceCarrie L Ernst
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 67:720-6. 2006....
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics: extrapyramidal symptoms and the metabolic syndromeArshia A Shirzadi
Harvard South Shore Psychiatry Program, Brockton, MA, USA
Harv Rev Psychiatry 14:152-64. 2006..Future prospective observational cohort studies must target side effects and be designed to collect and analyze data on confounding factors...
Persistent posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11 in patients with bipolar disorderMark H Pollack
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 67:394-9. 2006....
Bipolar spectrum disorder: a pilot studyS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Psychopathology 37:222-6. 2004..Further prospective study needs to be conducted comparing BSD with unipolar depression...
Existential despair and bipolar disorder: the therapeutic alliance as a mood stabilizerLeston L Havens
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Am J Psychother 59:137-47. 2005..It is a tall order, and one not infrequently avoided. Yet the times seem to call for a return to actually talking with manic patients, and maybe curing them with such talk. Or perhaps that is grandiose...
Affective temperaments in clinical practice: a validation study in mood disordersP A Vöhringer
Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
J Affect Disord 136:577-80. 2012..We sought to examine correlations between clinical validators and temperaments in clinical practice...
Rediscovering existential psychotherapy: the contribution of Ludwig BinswangerS N Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
Am J Psychother 55:51-64. 2001..I discuss concrete clinical cases from Binswanger's work, along with a contemporary example of how to use these existential methods in psychiatric practice...
Research reports on treatments for bipolar disorder: preliminary assessment of methodological qualityF Soldani
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02478, USA
Acta Psychiatr Scand 112:72-4. 2005..To assess frequencies of types of publications about bipolar disorder (BD) and evaluate methodological quality of treatment studies...
A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of galantamine to improve cognitive dysfunction in minimally symptomatic bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
J Clin Psychopharmacol 29:291-5. 2009..In addition, the effect of galantamine on clinical measures of functioning and psychopathology was assessed...
Toward a Hippocratic psychopharmacologyS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Can J Psychiatry 53:189-96. 2008..To provide a conceptual basis for psychopharmacology...
Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar disorder: a summary of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force ReportS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Bipolar Disord 10:117-28. 2008....
Sensitivity and specificity of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for detecting bipolar disorderChristopher J Miller
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J Affect Disord 81:167-71. 2004..Specificity was 0.67. CONCLUSIONS: The MDQ demonstrates good sensitivity in insightful patients with bipolar I disorder, but may be less useful in patients with impaired insight or milder bipolar spectrum conditions...
A systematic review of rates and diagnostic validity of comorbid adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorderAliza P Wingo
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:1776-84. 2007..Concurrent diagnosis of adult ADHD and bipolar disorder remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to examine the rates and diagnostic validity of the concept of comorbid adult ADHD and bipolar disorder...
Extrapyramidal side effects with atypical neuroleptics in bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Building B, Suite 6100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30:209-13. 2006..This rate is much higher than the 5-15% range reported in clinical trials, suggesting potential problems with clinical trial generalizability...
Gender differences in bipolar disorder: retrospective data from the first 500 STEP-BD participantsClaudia F Baldassano
Bipolar Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Bipolar Disord 7:465-70. 2005..To examine gender differences in a large sample of patients with bipolar illness...
Is insight in mania state-dependent?: A meta-analysisS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 192:771-5. 2004..We suggest that impaired insight be considered as part of the diagnostic picture of acute mania...
The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disordersMauricio Tohen
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7792, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
Bipolar Disord 11:453-73. 2009....
Existence and pluralism: the rediscovery of Karl JaspersS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Psychopathology 40:75-82. 2007..Contemporary psychiatry has only a limited appreciation of Jaspers' work. In this paper, I attempt to describe these important concepts that can help us understand what we do in psychiatry, what we should be doing and why...
Nosologomania: DSM & Karl Jaspers' critique of KraepelinS Nassir Ghaemi
Mood Disorders Program, Mood Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Philos Ethics Humanit Med 4:10. 2009..Jaspers' critique of Kraepelin may help us reformulate our current neo-Kraepelinian nosology for the better...
Galantamine treatment of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: four casesEric Schrauwen
Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
Bipolar Disord 8:196-9. 2006..CONCLUSIONS: This pilot case series suggests that galantamine may have some utility in improving chronic cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Larger studies are required to clarify these initial pilot data...
Tolerance in antidepressant treatmentRoss J Baldessarini
Psychother Psychosom 71:177-9. 2002
All mixed up: on the absence of diagnostic guidelines for mixed states in the ISBD Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force ReportS Nassir Ghaemi
Bipolar Disord 10:129-30. 2008
Issues for DSM-V: DSM-V should include a conceptual issues work groupKenneth S Kendler
Am J Psychiatry 165:174-5. 2008
The course of bipolar disorder and the nature of agitated depressionFrederick K Goodwin
Am J Psychiatry 160:2077-9. 2003
Treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: are antidepressants mood destabilizers?S Nassir Ghaemi
Am J Psychiatry 165:300-2. 2008
Is aripiprazole an efficacious adjunct for unipolar depression?Jeffrey J Rakofsky
J Clin Psychiatry 69:1021; author reply 1021-2. 2008
Tardive dyskinesia and ziprasidoneKlara J Rosenquist
Am J Psychiatry 159:1436. 2002
Clinical variables associated with early administration of antipsychotics in bipolar maniaChi Un Pae
Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam St Mary s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, 505 Banpo Dong, Seocho Gu, Seoul 137 701, Republic of Korea
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30:151-4. 2006..0 and 13.1, respectively). This study suggests that some clinical factors in bipolar mania might be linked to the earlier antipsychotic treatment. However, more studies will be needed to confirm this finding...
Relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder: 18-month comparison of olanzapine plus mood stabiliser v. mood stabiliser aloneMauricio Tohen
Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
Br J Psychiatry 184:337-45. 2004..Aims To evaluate whether olanzapine plus either lithium or valproate reduces the rate of relapse, compared with lithium or valproate alone...
Pharmacological Treatment Patterns at Study Entry for the First 500 STEP-BD ParticipantsS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
Psychiatr Serv 57:660-5. 2006..This study assessed patterns of psychopharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder...
Antidepressants for bipolar depressionS Nassir Ghaemi
Am J Psychiatry 162:1545-6; author reply 1547-8. 2005
Acute treatment of bipolar depression with adjunctive zonisamide: a retrospective chart reviewClaudia F Baldassano
Bipolar Outpatient Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 3309, USA
Bipolar Disord 6:432-4. 2004..This retrospective chart review evaluated the use of zonisamide as adjunctive treatment in patients with bipolar depression...
Feeling and time: the phenomenology of mood disorders, depressive realism, and existential psychotherapyS Nassir Ghaemi
Emory Clinic, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Schizophr Bull 33:122-30. 2007....
The manic-depressive spectrum and mood stabilization: Kraepelin's ghostS Nassir Ghaemi
Psychother Psychosom 76:65-9. 2007
Defining the boundaries of childhood bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Am J Psychiatry 164:185-8. 2007
Relapse after antidepressant discontinuationFederico Soldani
Am J Psychiatry 161:1312-3; author reply 1313. 2004
Self-reported history of manic/hypomanic switch associated with antidepressant use: data from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)Christine J Truman
Finney Psychotherapy Associates, Norfolk, VA, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:1472-9. 2007....
Adjunctive antidepressant use and symptomatic recovery among bipolar depressed patients with concomitant manic symptoms: findings from the STEP-BDJoseph F Goldberg
Affective Disorders Program, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut, USA
Am J Psychiatry 164:1348-55. 2007..However, few studies have examined the outcomes of patients with co-occurring manic and depressive symptoms who are treated with antidepressants plus mood stabilizing drugs...
STAR*D level IV methodologyAliza P Wingo
Am J Psychiatry 164:681; author reply 681. 2007
The newest mania: seeing disease mongering everywhereS Nassir Ghaemi
PLoS Med 3:e319; author reply e320. 2006
Underdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in men with substance use disorderMark J Albanese
Harvard Medical School and Cambridge Health Alliance, MA 02143, USA
J Psychiatr Pract 12:124-7. 2006....
Meta-analysis of observational studies: the case of rapid-cycling bipolar disorderS Nassir Ghaemi
Acta Psychiatr Scand 108:1-3. 2003
Improving the diagnosis of bipolar disorder: predictive value of screening testsJames R Phelps
Co-Psych.com and PsychEducation.org, Corvallis, OR, USA
J Affect Disord 92:141-8. 2006..To improve the performance of screening tools, the primary emphasis needs to be placed on improving clinicians' skill at recognizing clinical and historical features of bipolar diagnosis...
The ethics of clinical innovation in psychopharmacology: Challenging traditional bioethicsS Nassir Ghaemi
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2:26. 2007..To assess the scientific and ethical basis for clinical innovation in psychopharmacology...
