Walter F Stewart

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..Common pain conditions appear to have an adverse effect on work, but no comprehensive estimates exist on the amount of productive time lost in the US workforce due to pain...

..Our data suggest that variation in relatively short recall periods influences estimates of health-related LPT. A 2-week recall period may be optimal for minimizing overall reporting error but requires additional research to verify...

..Evidence consistently indicates that depression has adversely affected work productivity. Estimates of the cost impact in lost labor time in the US workforce, however, are scarce and dated...

..Four of every 10 women and two of every 10 men will contract migraine in their lifetime, most before age 35 years. The incidence estimates from this analysis are consistent with those reported in previous longitudinal studies...

..We used data from the General Longitudinal Overactive Bladder Evaluation (GLOBE) to understand predictors of variation in urgency and urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms over time...

..To determine work impact of chronic migraine (CM) versus episodic migraine (EM)...

..Health-related LPT costs are substantial but largely invisible to employers. Costs vary significantly by worker characteristics, suggesting that intervention needs vary by specific subgroups...

..Historically, there has been minimal concern about the effect of adult lead exposure on the brain. Evidence from recent longitudinal studies raise concerns about the long-term effects of past exposure...

..To determine whether cumulative lead dose in former organolead workers was associated with MRI measures of white matter lesions (WML) and global and structure-specific brain volumes...

..To estimate work impact of headache among migraineurs...

..We consider how electronic health records (EHRs) will help narrow this gap by accelerating the creation of evidence relevant to everyday practice needs and facilitating real-time use of knowledge in practice...

..To model workplace lost productive time (LPT) from episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM)...

..Estimate the impact of diabetes and neuropathic pain on the US workforce...

..To determine whether change in headache-days over 1-year is associated with change in lost productive time (LPT) among a population sample of migraineurs...

..Cross-sectional with follow-up case-control component...

..To estimate the prevalence of arthritis and arthritis pain exacerbations in US workers including impact on functioning and lost productive work time (LPT)...

..While the association of this locus with NDS and smoking phenotypes is well known, the association with ODS, a dimension of opioid substance dependence, is novel and requires verification in independent studies...

..2% for severe opioid-use disorder, respectively. Given the changes proposed, the finding that the prevalence of and risk factors for DSM-5 opioid-use disorders were similar to DSM-4 were unexpected. Further research is advised...

..Studies of prescription adherence have been hampered by methodologic problems. Most rely on patient self-report of adherence or cross-sectional data of plan-wide prescription fills to estimate patient-level adherence...

..We describe the validation of the Work and Health Interview (WHI), a questionnaire that provides a measure of lost productive time (LPT) from work absence and reduced performance at work...

..To understand variation in prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and risk factors, given different definitions...

..Electronic health records may be efficient sources of data for validation studies of genetic associations...

..The strong and compelling body of literature on lead and cognitive dysfunction and decline also supports a need for intervention studies to prevent lead-related cognitive decline...

..No prior studies in children have evaluated how age may modify relationships of the built and social environments with BMI, nor evaluated the range of scales and contexts over which places may influence health...

..We used data from the General Longitudinal Overactive Bladder Evaluation to determine whether differences in case definitions could account for variation in findings...

..08). No significant differences were seen in renal outcomes by VDR genotype, nor was consistent effect modification observed. The ALAD findings could be explained by lead-induced hyperfiltration...

..003). The relationships between patient satisfaction and physician productivity were relatively small, suggesting that they are not necessarily incompatible and that both can be improved simultaneously...

..Little is known about first-fill adherence rates for diabetic medications and factors associated with non-fill...

..Our study sought to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for opioid drug dependence among out-patients on long-term opioid therapy in a large health-care system...

..Longitudinal studies are needed to determine which model offers a dominant explanation for the high prevalence of mixed UI...

..The results show that the two medication regimens protected against the effects of PM(10). However, salmeterol increased the sensitivity to NO2 and triamcinalone enhanced the sensitivity to SO2...

..13 to 1.04%) for summer, and -0.21% (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.12%) for fall. The results show a clear seasonal pattern of acute mortality effects of ambient air pollution and the strongest effects occurred during winter in the study city...

..This resulted in a significant increase in testing for osteoporosis by DXA scan. The high-risk patients were then offered a shared medical appointment, which resulted in improved treatment outcomes compared to usual care...

..Therefore, public education should target people with severe or disabling headache and aim to create awareness of the diagnostic possibilities...

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..We hypothesize that the most important ingredient in our model has been the embedding of nurse case managers into our community practices and the real-time feedback of data on the use of health services by the most complex patients...

..This study determines if measures of the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differ in a population study of 80 migraine cases vs 85 controls matched for age, race, and sex...

..To determine whether APOE genotype explained variability in short-term recovery from predominantly mild traumatic brain injury (TBI)...

..There was very little between-study similarity in methods in both types of approaches, which prevented estimation of pooled effects. The great heterogeneity across studies limits what can be learned from this body of evidence...

..Patients were risk-stratified. Higher-risk patients viewed an interactive web-based tool and chose options to modify risk factors. Feasibility was successful for use of the FRS in the interactive web tool...

..quot; This article provides some background on the network, its research activities, and the annual conference. This issue of Clinical Medicine & Research also includes selected scientific abstracts presented at the meeting...

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..An important new finding from this study is that individuals with an overactive bladder, even without demonstrable urine loss, also have a poorer quality of life than that of controls...

..Associations between higher lead measures and lower BUN and serum creatinine and higher creatinine clearances may represent lead induced hyperfiltration. Environmental cadmium may also have an adverse renal impact, at least on NAG...

..However, because the number of subjects (especially African Americans) with the susceptible genotype in this study was small, these observations should be considered preliminary...

..Migraine is an important public health problem in the UK, associated with very substantial costs...

..56 to 3.62) compared with 1.52 (0.99 to 2.34) for less severe pain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early onset of migraine in the proband as well as the severity of migraines are associated with higher levels of family aggregation...

..33 (1.2, 1.50) vs. OR 1.04 (0.9, 1.2), P < 0.05 for interaction by age]. These results suggest that major life changes are associated with the onset of chronic daily headache, particularly in middle age...

..Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe coping strategies and health care-seeking behavior in a community-based sample of adults with symptoms suggestive of OAB...

..Anticipation of changes in BP attributable to temporal factors may improve accuracy of diagnosis and precision of therapy...

..To develop and assess telephone-based screening tests for dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Probable migraine is a prevalent form of migraine, and like migraine with and without aura it produces decrements in health-related quality of life and increments in disability relative to control subjects...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results support an etiologic role for lead in the elevation of systolic blood pressure among adult males and are consistent with both acute and chronic modes of action...

..In particular, the persistent CNS effect of lead may be more toxic in individuals who have at least one ApoE-Epsilon4 allele...

..In conclusion, this is the first US national survey to demonstrate that motility-related upper gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with a significantly lower quality of life in individuals with diabetes...

..We hypothesize that subjects with higher PKC activity in the presence of lead may be more susceptible to the health effects of lead...

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..To develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing cutaneous allodynia (CA), and to estimate the prevalence and severity of CA in the migraine population...

..It is suggested that both age and retest should be modeled simultaneously when analyzing longitudinal data because part of the change across occasions may be attributable to practice or reactive effects...

..In this cohort, an interesting group in which to examine structure-function relations, this finding provides a necessary condition to support the hypothesis that lead may influence cognitive function by its effect on brain volumes...

..These upper GI symptoms were associated with significant loss of work and activity days...

..The authors suggest that although the changes in memory and processing speed may be correlated over time, age alone does not capture such a covariation...

..5% of the subjects. These findings underscore the need for radiologists to evaluate the anatomic images generated by research studies, particularly those with an older population base...

..To evaluate the extent to which head and neck injury (HANI) contributes to chronic daily headache (CDH)...

..We consider exogenous and endogenous factors, and methodological challenges, in understanding whether and how 2 pain conditions may be related...

..This Perspective outlines how methods of molecular epidemiology, proved effective in the study of other diseases, can enhance the returns from human genomic studies and expedite the development of new drugs to prevent or treat pain...

..These findings suggest that the MIDAS score captures information about disability that is not inherent to other headache features and is independent of gender and work status...

..Although this provides information on the direct and indirect costs of OAB, quality-of-life issues must be taken into account to gain a better understanding of this condition...

..To investigate the possible association of dietary caffeine consumption and medicinal caffeine use with chronic daily headache (CDH)...

..Tau immunoreactivity appears as the strongest morphological correlate of dementia...

..However, we did not observe a significant loss of neurons in CA1 or any of the other subdivisions of the hippocampus in preclinical AD...

..Migraine is assessed to determine how well it meets criteria for screening and the steps that are necessary before firm public policy recommendations for screening for migraine are possible...

..These aims will be addressed in a three year study of 550 current study participants with past exposure to lead, 100 individuals who participated as controls, and an additional 100 newly recruited subjects with past lead exposure. ..

..The focus of this study is both of general interest in understanding the long term consequences of exposure to neurotoxins and relevant to models of degenerative changes observed in conditions like Alzheimer's disease...