Emily White

..We used data from a prospective cohort study to evaluate associations of demographic, health history, and health behaviors with early versus late stage at diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..Mammography screening may reduce breast cancer mortality by detecting cancers at an earlier stage. However, certain questions remain, including the ideal interval between mammograms...

..This study supports including a study-logo pen or pencil in a second questionnaire mailing to nonrespondents as a cost-effective method of increasing response rates...

..These methods may be useful to other researchers implementing a large cohort study or designing a passive follow-up system...

..Researchers should consider measuring and reporting this parameter in validity/reliability studies when feasible...

..We also examined interactions among CASR, calcium, and vitamin D intake and previously genotyped vitamin D-related genes...

..01). The current study provides some support for a role of IGFs in colorectal cancer etiology, particularly in mediating the relationship of common risk factors (physical activity, BMI, and postmenopausal hormone use)...

..Only age was significantly related to circulating IGFBP-3. Although the sources of inter-individual variation of IGF-1 and IGFB-3 are not yet fully understood, this analysis provides some insights into factors that may contribute...

..Few epidemiologic studies have examined very high intakes of folate and whether consumption of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism is associated with breast cancer risk...

..We used prospective risk information to predict a diagnosis of breast cancer in a cohort of 1 million women undergoing screening mammography...

..Grapeseed may be a potential chemopreventive agent; however, as current evidence is limited, it should not yet be promoted for prevention of prostate cancer...

..A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials of aspirin reported a reduction in cancer mortality; however, few studies have investigated whether aspirin or other NSAIDs reduce overall cancer risk...

..This analysis provides evidence that common variation in IGF genes may contribute to the variation in circulating levels observed between individuals...

..Our results support the hypothesis that specific polymorphisms in genes involved in sex hormone metabolism may modify the effect of E+P use on breast cancer risk...

..The aim of the study was to estimate the association between dietary intake of cadmium, a carcinogenic heavy metal, and risk of invasive postmenopausal breast cancer...

..After an additional year of follow-up, we further examined the association including frequency/duration of use, interaction with factors associated with inflammation, and lung cancer histology...

..Future studies using precise measures of chronic C. pneumoniae status are needed to better determine the role of this organism in the etiology of lung cancer...

..Multivitamin and vitamin E use were not associated with cancer mortality. Some of the associations we observed were small and may have been due to unmeasured healthy behaviors that were more common in supplement users...

..These analyses describe the use of specific supplements by 10,857 cancer survivors in comparison to cancer-free controls (n = 64,226)...

..To investigate sensitivity, specificity, and cancer detection rate of screening mammography according to week of menstrual cycle among premenopausal women...

..Biomarkers of low-grade systemic inflammation are used to study the associations of inflammation with chronic diseases, including cancer. However, relatively little is known about the intraindividual variability of most of these measures...

..Our aims were to investigate whether MTHFR C677T was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and whether this relation was modified by intakes of folate, methionine, vitamins B(2), B(6), and B(12), and alcohol...

..We aimed to investigate the association of vitamin E and selenium supplementation with prostate cancer in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study, a cohort study specifically designed to examine supplement use and future cancer risk...

..There were no associations of leptin receptor genotypes or haplotypes and adenoma risk. The results of this study suggest that, in men, leptin may be associated with risk of colorectal adenomas...

..However, food records are considered unsuitable for large studies due to the need to train participants and to review and correct completed records...

..Although causal inference from this observational study is not possible, results are consistent with the hypothesis that regular yoga practice can benefit individuals who wish to maintain or lose weight...

..Because few other epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between zinc and prostate cancer, and these have not yielded consistent findings, further research is needed...

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..This study provides the strongest evidence to date that BPH does not increase the risk of prostate cancer...

..However, only one other epidemiologic study thus far, to our knowledge, has examined the relation between bowel motility and breast cancer risk...

..1 years of follow-up because of an increased risk of stroke and little likelihood of altering the balance of risk to benefit by the planned trial termination date. Postintervention health outcomes have not been reported...

..Breast cancer rates in women with multiple breast symptoms have not been well described...

..07). This self-administered questionnaire demonstrated high reproducibility and validity for collecting detailed information on supplement use...

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..Although there is considerable published research on methods to assess current or recent recreational physical activity, there are few short, self-administered questionnaires designed to assess long-term physical activity...

..Dietary supplement use is common in older US adults; however, data on health risks and benefits are lacking for a number of supplements...

..82; interleukin 6: OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.42); these associations were only in men aged <65 years. Results suggest that systemic inflammation or lower levels of soluble receptors that bind inflammatory cytokines increase BPH risk...

..Increasing evidence suggests that nutrients from fruits and vegetables have chemoprotective effects on various cancers including hematologic malignancies, but the effects of nutritional supplements are poorly examined...

..Results from this study demonstrate the complexity of prostate cancer epidemiology and the importance of examining risk factors by tumor characteristics...

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..We explored the effect of tumor growth rate, breast density, mammographic image quality, and breast cancer risk factors on mammographic sensitivity in younger and older women...

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..17 (0.55-2.51)] or among those without prior polyps [adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.42 (0.55-3.65)]. Our study suggests that the established inverse association between circulating 25(OH)D and adenoma may not apply to hyperplastic polyps...

..The objective of this study was to determine the potential added contribution of clinical breast examination (CBE) to invasive breast cancer detection in a mammography screening program, by categories of age and breast density...

..We examined the association between hormonal, proliferative, and histologic tumor characteristics and mammographic breast density in women with breast cancer...

..006 and 0.03, respectively). These results suggest that citrus consumption may increase UGT1A1 activity among women with the 7/7 genotype...

..72). CONCLUSIONS: Odds of supplement use are high for certain demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Additionally, persons with specific medical conditions are using supplements promoted to reduce risk for their particular conditions...

..Further study is necessary before recommendations regarding these supplements can be made...

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..Although bias cannot be ruled out, these results suggest that glucosamine may provide some mortality benefit...

..Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Smoking cessation is crucial to decrease risk, but additional prevention modalities are needed. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may be promising...

..48, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.84). The study findings are contrary to those expected from the pro- and antiinflammatory effects of these fatty acids and suggest a greater complexity of effects of these nutrients with regard to prostate cancer risk...

..We examined whether adiponectin, leptin, and C-peptide were associated with incident, symptomatic BPH and whether these factors mediate the relationship between obesity and BPH risk...

..The study aim was to identify dietary and other factors that influence toenail zinc in a healthy population, in order to understand the usefulness of this biomarker in public health studies...

..Addressing the concerns of un-enrolled women and those without mammograms offers an opportunity for further late-stage disease reduction...

..Mammographic breast density may be greater in the luteal phase (days 15-30) than the follicular phase (days 1-14) of the menstrual cycle; this may have implications for when mammography screening should occur...

..The goal of this study was to examine the purported effects of calcium on modulating body weight...

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..The goal of this case-control study was to quantify the risks of melanoma associated with UV exposure at different periods of life...

..However, there have been no prospective studies of the association between the long-term use of these supplements and breast cancer risk...

..To examine recreational physical activity (PA) and prostate cancer risk in a large cohort of men living in Washington State, focusing on frequency and type of physical activity at various times throughout life...

..Herein, we used a large prospective cohort study to examine these associations...

..Associations of alcohol use with prostate cancer are modest and complex. More detailed assessment of specific alcoholic beverages is warranted in future studies...

..Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Although supplements are used by half the population, limited information is available about their specific effect on lung cancer risk...

..We prospectively evaluated the association between average 10-year use of NSAIDs and invasive breast cancer...

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..To evaluate whether the association between hormone therapy (HT) and breast density differs by levels of breast cancer risk factors...

..We examined the association between hormone-related breast cancer risk factors and breast tumor proliferation, as reflected in two proliferation measures, Ki-67 and mitotic count...

..Several epidemiologic studies have reported inverse associations between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk, although many studies are limited by assessment of short-term use only...

..Lifetime weight gain is also a strong predictor of breast cancer. Waist to hip ratio, a measure of weight distribution, does not appear to be related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..01-2.29). CONCLUSION: Our data add to the growing body of evidence that recent long-term use of HRT is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and that such use may be related particularly to lobular tumors...

..A 12 mo, 83 mg/d soy isoflavone intervention did not modulate serum IGF in an older, mostly male population...

..Women who are physically active have a decreased risk for breast cancer, but the types, amounts, and timing of activity needed are unknown...

..39 for IgA and 0.53 for IgG. Measurement error likely attenuates C. pneumoniae-disease associations; the magnitude of attenuation can be estimated from results of studies such as this one...

..Identifying factors that increase a smoker's risk of developing lung cancer may help scientists to better understand the etiology of lung cancer and more effectively target high-risk groups for screening...

..Only one small epidemiological study has been conducted of boron, which found that those in the highest quartile of boron intake had less than half the risk of prostate cancer versus those in the lowest quartile...

..The effects of dietary changes on osteoporosis, low bone density, and frequent falls are unestablished...

..To evaluate the validity and reliability of self-reported male balding patterns in an epidemiologic study...

..quot; The objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement characteristics of 2 single-item measures on the amount of stress and the ability to handle stress...

..Increased risk for men filling more than 20 cimetidine prescriptions was reported previously. We examined the association between cimetidine use and prostate cancer risk in a cohort in western Washington State...

..The authors present an example to illustrate this concept...

..To investigate the relationship between allergy and risk of breast cancer in women 45 years of age and younger...

..Continued efforts to educate radiologists about the use of BI-RADS and to clarify BI-RADS terms would promote maximum consistency in this use of this reporting method...

..We sought to examine the test-retest reliability of a PA questionnaire used in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Differences in reliability were also explored by important covariates...

..38), tumor thickness (P(trend) = .98), or risk of metastasis (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.32 to 3.62). NSAIDs do not appear to be good candidates for the chemoprevention of melanoma...

..037) were included. CONCLUSION. Invasive breast cancer detection by mammography may be improved through attention to correct positioning...

..74-1.23] or with increasing frequency or duration of use. In this free-living population, use of commercial saw palmetto, which varies widely in dose and constituent ratios, was not associated with prostate cancer risk...

..CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing a second primary colorectal cancer may be elevated among certain subsets of breast cancer patients...

..Now we examine whether the treatment affected self-reported physical functioning and objective measures of physical functioning...

..Our results indicate that the regular use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs may have a significant chemopreventive effect against the development of breast cancer and underscore the need for clinical trials to confirm this effect...

..Little is known about the relationship of these biomarkers with each other or about whether there are differences in the relationships of these biomarkers with diet, supplement use, or participant characteristics...

..We analyzed features of the colorectal cancers that developed and their relation to the characteristics of the participants...

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..This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women...

..Trainees who complete this program will have the didactic and research experience to allow them to be knowledgeable investigators on multidisciplinary cancer prevention research projects. ..

..If a beneficial effect is found, it could be translated into highly cost effective cancer control measures. ..

..In addition, if there are observed protective associations of glucosamine and/or chondroitin with cancer risk and no major adverse effects, then these supplements would deserve further investigation as cancer preventive drugs. ..