K E Malone

..However, given the higher absolute CBC risk in mutation carriers, the potentially greater impact of adjuvant therapy in reducing CBC risk among mutation carriers should be considered when developing treatment plans for these patients...

..A subset of these SNPs, selected upon their main effects on contralateral breast cancer risk was further evaluated for interaction with treatment modalities and estrogen receptor (ER) status...

..The involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a key mediator in the vitamin D pathway, in breast cancer etiology has long been of interest...

..However, the 1100delC mutation has only been investigated in a few population-based studies and none from North America...

..This study assessed the risk of subsequent contralateral breast cancer associated with carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation...

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..Inherited predisposition may be associated with distinctive breast cancer phenotypes and/or mortality. Past studies have had inconsistent results and little is known about the contributions of screening and treatment...

..Thus, studies of women from the general population are needed to determine the BRCA1 mutation frequency in women perceived to be at high risk, and to develop profiles of those most likely to be carriers...

..1, 2.2) but not in never users (P(heterogeneity) = 0.02). Interpretation of these subgroup associations must await the results of similar studies conducted in other populations...

..CONCLUSIONS: ATM mutations, specifically missense mutations, are more common in breast carcinoma cases selected for first-degree family history and early age at diagnosis...

..Tamoxifen therapy reduces this risk, but it is unclear if this benefit exists for both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative contralateral tumors...

..These results indicate that a large fraction of decade-old FFPE samples, of diverse institutional origins and processing histories, can yield RNA suitable for gene expression profiling experiments...

..No association of ovarian cancer risk was observed with any of the other polymorphisms examined, either alone or in combination...

..In addition, these data suggest that AR repeat length may be partly responsible for the increased risk for early-onset breast cancer in women who use OCs, although these findings need replication in other populations...

..Given the strong relationship between endogenous estrogen levels and breast cancer risk, migraine sufferers may experience a reduced risk of breast cancer...

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..Few studies have focused on premenopausal women or the correlation of body mass index (BMI) to tumor characteristics related to prognosis...

..9%, 95% confidence interval of the difference: -15, 14). The authors' data do not suggest that controls are more reluctant to report a history of induced abortion than are women with breast cancer...

..This case-control study evaluated how detailed aspects of hair coloring and hair spray application by reproductive-age women may affect breast cancer risk...

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..5-0.9) but not lobular or ductal-lobular carcinoma. Further exploration of breast cancer risk by histology is merited to understand differences in the etiology of ductal, lobular, and ductal-lobular carcinoma...

..A further understanding of the timing of smoking, and its interaction with other factors, may enhance our knowledge of whether and by what mechanisms smoking alters breast cancer risk...

..However, human studies evaluating use of antidepressants in relation to breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results...

..Future clinical trials and quality of life and symptom management intervention studies would benefit from accurate assessment of hormone-related symptoms with the five scales from the shortened BCPT checklist...

..Incidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have been rising, but little is known about which patients will develop invasive breast cancer or what types of tumors these patients may develop...

..It extends the prior report in observing that this relationship holds for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and is independent of exposure to common migraine triggers...

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..31-2.56). Neither parity nor age at first birth was associated with triple-negative breast cancer. In contrast to ER+ and ER-/PR-/HER2+ subtypes, reproductive history does not appear to be a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancer...

..Having a first-degree family history of breast cancer was associated with an increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer with a magnitude of association similar to that for the predominant ER+ subtype and ER-/PR-/HER2+ breast cancer...

..The authors conclude that the interval between age at menarche and age at first birth is associated with the risk of hormonally sensitive types of breast cancer, particularly among White women...

..This is the first study to report this relationship, but if confirmed efforts to insure that diabetic breast cancer survivors are carefully screened for second breast cancers may be warranted...

..Further studies focusing on the etiology of lobular carcinomas are needed...

..The few previous studies evaluating this association have been null but have been limited by small sample sizes, and none have evaluated risk by either histologic type or estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status...

..We evaluated the relationships between obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on risk of second primary invasive contralateral breast cancer among breast cancer survivors...

..Given the expanding obesity epidemic, the widespread cessation of hormone therapy use, and the poor prognosis of triple-negative tumors, this novel finding merits confirmation...

..Reproductive factors may plausibly be differentially correlated with the risk of different breast cancer subtypes because these factors are presumed to impact exposure to endogenous sex hormones...

..This is of clinical concern given the poorer prognosis of ER- compared with ER+ tumors...

..These trends present important public health and clinical challenges...

..We examined the association between hormone-related breast cancer risk factors and breast tumor proliferation, as reflected in two proliferation measures, Ki-67 and mitotic count...

..Trivial changes in estimates were observed when health maintenance organization records alone were used as the gold standard. Self-reported use of antihypertensives and statins appears to be relatively accurate among older women...

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..The authors measured relative mortality among young patients with breast carcinoma with and without births occurring after diagnosis...

..These results are consistent with there being an underlying hormonal basis for the known association between alcohol use and breast cancer incidence...

..Women using combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) have an increased risk of breast cancer; however, data on use for long durations and on risk associated with patterns of use are lacking...

..However, Asians and Pacific Islanders and Hispanic whites are heterogeneous populations, and few studies have evaluated breast cancer stage, treatments, and mortality rates for subgroups of these populations...

..Understanding the factors underlying these differences may provide further insight into breast cancer etiology in different populations...

..However, the use of combined (estrogen and progestin) hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) also has increased during the last decade and may account in part for the increase in invasive lobular breast carcinoma...

..This is because hormone receptor status may reflect different etiologic pathways and is useful in predicting response to adjuvant therapy and prognosis...

..To assess interactions between use of estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy (EPHT) and body mass index (BMI) in relation to risks of different types of breast cancer, based on histology and hormone receptor status...

..To investigate the relationship between allergy and risk of breast cancer in women 45 years of age and younger...

..However, statins have been found to be carcinogenic in rodents and one clinical trial found an excess of breast carcinoma cases in the treatment group...

..Alcohol consumption has been comprehensively investigated as an etiologic risk factor for breast cancer but has received little attention in terms of its effect on prognosis after breast cancer, particularly for young women...

..LOH in chromosomal arms 8p and 5q was common in higher grade IDC tumors, whereas ILC and low-grade IDC grouped together by virtue of LOH in 16q...

..Further observational studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate whether testing for c-erbB-2 in this population may help identify those at high risk for CBC...

..We asked whether presence of FMc, routinely acquired during pregnancy, is a protective factor for breast cancer...

..These results indicate that array comparative genomic hybridization can identify significant differences in the genomic alterations between subtypes of breast cancer...

..CONCLUSION: Including the BCIA with measures of QOL, symptoms, and functioning will allow researchers to gain a more comprehensive assessment of the biopsychosocial IOC in survivors...

..The purpose of this report is to update breast cancer risk estimates associated with a family history of breast cancer for white and AA women...

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..To assess risk factors for breast cancer among very young compared to older premenopausal women...

..To determine the association between infertility drug use and invasive breast cancer in a population-based case-control study...

..This study does not support an increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives in women aged 35 to 64...

..At least 7 models for estimating the probabilities of having a mutation are used widely in clinical and scientific activities; however, the merits and limitations of these models are not fully understood...

..17 (1.22-3.85). In conclusion, these racially distinct aggregation patterns may reflect different modes of inheritance and/or environmental factors that impact cancer risk...

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..These findings only modestly support the hypothesis that hormonally related risk factors have differing relations with ER+PR+ versus ER-PR- tumors among younger women...

..Further work is needed to explain how alcohol exposure, sex hormones, and tumor receptor status interact...

..CONCLUSIONS: Among women from 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer...

..5% and 78.6%, respectively, with lower rates for black women and older women. CONCLUSIONS: The methodologic details of this large collaboration may assist researchers conducting similar investigations...

..We studied the benefit of modern mammography screening in community settings, evaluating age-related differences in rates of late-stage breast cancer detection...

..Three genes (ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2) encode products that are essential for the normal cellular response to DSBs, but predispose to breast cancer when mutated...

..1) and twin membership (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.2). The protective effect of being born second or higher in the birth order against breast cancer mortality regardless of maternal age is striking and needs to be confirmed in future studies...

..This study assessed the efficacy of community-based screening mammography in protecting against breast cancer death, asking whether age differences in efficacy persisted in the 1990s...

..We developed a model for projecting absolute risk of invasive breast cancer in African American women and compared its projections with those from the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool...

..Women with an initial breast cancer diagnosis are at elevated risk of developing subsequent cancer in the contralateral breast. Studies of reproductive factors and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) have provided inconsistent results...

..However, less is known about how long the risk is reduced and the impact of factors such as age and menopausal status...

..The risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been examined in many studies, but relatively little attention has been paid to the degree to which the risk may vary among carriers...

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..To examine the relation between breast cancer risk and job history among women 20-44 years of age who participated in a multi-center, population-based, case-control study...

..To investigate whether oral contraceptive (OC) use and postmenopausal hormones (PMH) are associated with an increased risk of developing asynchronous bilateral breast cancer among women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 55 years...

..We examined breast cancer risk related to lifetime exposure to oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women...

..This prospective study investigated physical activity (PA), occurrence of physical symptoms, and HRQOL in a large, ethnically-diverse cohort of breast cancer survivors...

..To estimate breast cancer risk associated with short-term (<6 months) oral contraceptive use, and explore variation in estimates by use characteristics and medical, menstrual, and reproductive history...

..These results are similar to previous studies that report little difference in the effect of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer by histology...

..1-0.6; c.6348-54T>C RR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8]. These data suggest that some alleles of ATM may exert an antineoplastic effect, perhaps by altering the activity of ATM as an initiator of DNA damage responses or a regulator of p53...

..Progestin administered in an uninterrupted regimen may be a contributing factor. Risk dissipates once use is discontinued...

..Therefore, odds ratios will likely be biased toward the null, underestimating screening efficacy...

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..Findings from this study could begin to clarify a mechanism by which adiposity affects prognosis from breast cancer. ..

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