Alan Kristal

..It also modestly increases serum testosterone (T), estrone (E(1)), and estradiol (E(2)). In this altered hormonal milieu, it is unknown whether serum concentrations of these hormones are associated with prostate cancer risk...

..Genetic or environmental factors that affect the activity of 5-alpha-reductase may be important in the development of symptomatic BPH...

..The objective of this study was to examine whether demographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the rate of PSA increase (PSA velocity)...

..We conclude that substantial dietary change has no short-term effects on biomarkers of cellular proliferation in Barrett esophagus or on clinical observations of the Barrrett segment...

..06) with high Brassica vegetable consumption. The epidemiological literature provides modest support for the hypothesis that high intakes of Brassica vegetables reduce prostate cancer risk...

..High intake of n-6 fatty acids, through their effects on inflammation and oxidative stress, may increase prostate cancer risk...

..Evidence is examined for the use of vitamin A, retinoids and carotenoids as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer...

..Longer processing delays, however, have small but statistically significant effects on many analytes and substantially decrease lymphocyte viability...

..This report examines how sources of fat and patterns of fat-related dietary habits differed between black, Hispanic and white women participating in a randomized trial of a low-fat diet intervention...

..Lycopene has been promoted for prostate cancer prevention, despite the inconsistency of scientific evidence...

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..This study evaluated a tailored, multiple-component self-help intervention designed to promote lower fat and higher fruit and vegetable consumption...

..To examine whether androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length was associated with the risk of incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)...

..24-0.32). These results, which were consistent across diverse participant samples, suggest that the 5 A Day method yields both biased and imprecise measures of vegetable intake and that research to improve this measure is needed...

..We examined risk factors for incident symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia in 5,667 Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial placebo arm participants who were free of benign prostatic hyperplasia at baseline...

..A diet low in fat and red meat and high in protein and vegetables, as well as regular alcohol consumption, may reduce the risk of symptomatic BPH...

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..Our novel finding is that the C-peptide-associated risk was attenuated by use of finasteride...

..However, the literature on fat consumption and human obesity is inconclusive. This research examines associations between dietary fat intake and obesity in men participating in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial...

..10-0.60). In this cohort study, use of multivitamins and single antioxidant supplements was associated with a significantly reduced risk of EA and markers of neoplastic progression among individuals with Barrett's esophagus...

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..72). CONCLUSIONS: Odds of supplement use are high for certain demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Additionally, persons with specific medical conditions are using supplements promoted to reduce risk for their particular conditions...

..4% increase in serum lutein concentration. Notably, however, the amount of variance in serum concentration that is explained by demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors remains substantial...

..To evaluate changes in food sources of dietary fat made by participants in the Women's Health Initiative Low-Fat Dietary Modification Trial...

..We also conclude that NSAID use may reduce the risk of progression to cancer in this population. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results...

..These results are consistent with general dietary guidelines to moderate consumption of total energy and fat, and they motivate further research to consider the potential benefits and risks of high calcium intake...

..These analyses describe the use of specific supplements by 10,857 cancer survivors in comparison to cancer-free controls (n = 64,226)...

..Multivitamin and vitamin E use were not associated with cancer mortality. Some of the associations we observed were small and may have been due to unmeasured healthy behaviors that were more common in supplement users...

..This report gives associations of olestra consumption (in savory snacks) with changes in nutrient intake, serum lipid concentrations, and body weight 1 y after these snacks became available nationally in the United States...

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..Associations of alcohol use with prostate cancer are modest and complex. More detailed assessment of specific alcoholic beverages is warranted in future studies...

..The goal of this study was to examine the purported effects of calcium on modulating body weight...

..Although causal inference from this observational study is not possible, results are consistent with the hypothesis that regular yoga practice can benefit individuals who wish to maintain or lose weight...

..The effects of dietary changes on osteoporosis, low bone density, and frequent falls are unestablished...

..0% (under different survival for obese and nonobese cases) in 2002. We conclude that increasing obesity prevalence since 1980 has partially obscured declines in prostate cancer mortality...

..Further studies in larger and more diverse populations are needed to fully understand the potential of this novel intervention approach...

..To examine the influence of diet-related psychosocial constructs on the dietary practices of Chinese populations living in North America...

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..1 years of follow-up because of an increased risk of stroke and little likelihood of altering the balance of risk to benefit by the planned trial termination date. Postintervention health outcomes have not been reported...

..We aimed to investigate the association of vitamin E and selenium supplementation with prostate cancer in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study, a cohort study specifically designed to examine supplement use and future cancer risk...

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..Finasteride affects both prostate cancer risk and body weight. We examined whether, during 7 years of finasteride treatment, the magnitude of weight change was associated with the diagnosis of no, low-, or high-grade cancer...

..Green tea, which is commonly consumed in countries with low ovarian cancer incidence, should be further investigated for its cancer prevention properties...

..We provide a framework for doing collaborative research in an international setting structured around a common theme of a clinical trial...

..Several epidemiologic studies have reported inverse associations between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk, although many studies are limited by assessment of short-term use only...

..Few studies have examined the associations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with biomarkers of chronic disease risk in populations with high intakes...

..We examined whether adiponectin, leptin, and C-peptide were associated with incident, symptomatic BPH and whether these factors mediate the relationship between obesity and BPH risk...

..CARET only included smokers, so findings reported here may not apply to nonsmokers. Our results are consistent with other studies suggesting that dietary supplements may influence prostate cancer risk...

..82; interleukin 6: OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.42); these associations were only in men aged <65 years. Results suggest that systemic inflammation or lower levels of soluble receptors that bind inflammatory cytokines increase BPH risk...

..It also appears to be well suited for the clinical analysis of FFPE tissues with diagnostic or prognostic gene expression biomarker panels for use in patient treatment and management...

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..However, food records are considered unsuitable for large studies due to the need to train participants and to review and correct completed records...

..Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and better control for factors, such as use of prostate-specific antigen screening, which may confound this association...

..42, 95% CI = 0.25-0.70). Our findings suggest that associations of dietary fat with prostate cancer risk may vary by type of fat or fat-containing food, and that risk may vary by host factors, including family history and smoking...

..The goal of this case-control study was to quantify the risks of melanoma associated with UV exposure at different periods of life...

..Although there is considerable published research on methods to assess current or recent recreational physical activity, there are few short, self-administered questionnaires designed to assess long-term physical activity...

..These methods may be useful to other researchers implementing a large cohort study or designing a passive follow-up system...

..We used a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between serum selenium levels and markers of neoplastic progression among persons with Barrett's esophagus...

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..We assessed scales of psychosocial factors and dietary habits related to vegetable consumption and examined associations of these scales with vegetable intake...

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..quot; The objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement characteristics of 2 single-item measures on the amount of stress and the ability to handle stress...

..Results from this study demonstrate the complexity of prostate cancer epidemiology and the importance of examining risk factors by tumor characteristics...

..To examine recreational physical activity (PA) and prostate cancer risk in a large cohort of men living in Washington State, focusing on frequency and type of physical activity at various times throughout life...

..Obesity increases the risk of high-grade but decreases the risk of low-grade prostate cancer, and this relationship is independent of the lower risk for prostate cancer among men with diabetes...

..07). This self-administered questionnaire demonstrated high reproducibility and validity for collecting detailed information on supplement use...

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..These findings suggest that higher iron intake may be associated with risk of clinically aggressive prostate cancer, and that endogenous antioxidant capabilities may modify these associations...

..This study examines whether there are transcript alterations associated with surgical resection of the prostate gland by radical retropubic prostatectomy...

..Hence, we investigated the correlation between serum and prostate tissue selenium concentrations and prostate tissue activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), a major selenoenzyme with antioxidant properties...

..The objective of this study was to examine associations between obesity and the risks of developing metastasis or prostate cancer-specific mortality in a population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer...

..One possible link between body mass index (BMI) and prostate carcinoma prognosis may be disease ascertainment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used to screen for prostate carcinoma...

..This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women...

..We examined the feasibility of using gene expression changes in human prostate epithelium as a measure of response to a dietary intervention...

..Dietary supplement use is common in older US adults; however, data on health risks and benefits are lacking for a number of supplements...

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..We conclude that the collection of DNA with cytobrushes using simple instructions is cost effective in large-scale studies, and yields sufficient quantity and quality of DNA for genotyping...

..Its negative association with body mass index and positive association with yoga provide evidence of construct validity. Further evaluation in more diverse populations is warranted...

..The aim of this study was to examine associations of smoking at the time of diagnosis with the risk of prostate cancer death in a population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer...

..Results from this study will enhance our understanding of the etiology of symptomatic BPH and could potentially be used to develop new strategies for prevention and control of this very common disease. ..