Janet Daling

..The involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a key mediator in the vitamin D pathway, in breast cancer etiology has long been of interest...

..However, the 1100delC mutation has only been investigated in a few population-based studies and none from North America...

..Circumcision in early childhood may help prevent penile cancer by eliminating phimosis, a significant risk factor for the disease...

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..The incidence of anal cancer has increased among both men (160%) and women (78%) from 1973 to 2000 in the U.S. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of anal cancer to examine factors that may account for this increase...

..However, the use of combined (estrogen and progestin) hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) also has increased during the last decade and may account in part for the increase in invasive lobular breast carcinoma...

..In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that marijuana use is a risk factor for TGCT...

..Few studies have focused on premenopausal women or the correlation of body mass index (BMI) to tumor characteristics related to prognosis...

..We conducted a study to evaluate risk factors for in situ and invasive vaginal cancer and their potential relationship to prior exposure to human papillomaviruses (HPV)...

..1, 2.2) but not in never users (P(heterogeneity) = 0.02). Interpretation of these subgroup associations must await the results of similar studies conducted in other populations...

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..In addition, these data suggest that AR repeat length may be partly responsible for the increased risk for early-onset breast cancer in women who use OCs, although these findings need replication in other populations...

..We examined the risk of a first diagnosis of leiomyomas in peri- and postmenopausal women associated with prior use of estrogen and progestogen therapy (EPT)...

..05 (95% CI: 0.89, 4.75); BMI 20-25, OR = 1.78 (95% CI: 1.00, 3.17); and BMI >25, OR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.36, 1.42). Study results indicate that increased BMI may attenuate the adverse effect of smoking on the risk of functional ovarian cyst...

..Given the strong relationship between endogenous estrogen levels and breast cancer risk, migraine sufferers may experience a reduced risk of breast cancer...

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..Differences in cervical cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity persist in the United States. We examined these differences by histologic type and by various patient and socioeconomic characteristics...

..87; 95% CI, 1.00-3.48), and for carriership of the TTCC/TTCC diplotype (IOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.01-4.30). These results suggest that cervical and vulvar SCC risk among cigarette smokers is modified by genetic variation in IL2...

..Alcohol consumption has been comprehensively investigated as an etiologic risk factor for breast cancer but has received little attention in terms of its effect on prognosis after breast cancer, particularly for young women...

..Trivial changes in estimates were observed when health maintenance organization records alone were used as the gold standard. Self-reported use of antihypertensives and statins appears to be relatively accurate among older women...

..Of particular interest is the association between combined hormone therapy and increased risk of lobular carcinoma. This lesion is increasingly common but, nonetheless, comprises fewer than 10% of invasive breast cancers...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Among women age > or = 50 years, breast cancer detection by mammography, self detection, and CBE varied according to tumor histopathology...

..We evaluated the relationships between obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on risk of second primary invasive contralateral breast cancer among breast cancer survivors...

..This is of clinical concern given the poorer prognosis of ER- compared with ER+ tumors...

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..Incidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have been rising, but little is known about which patients will develop invasive breast cancer or what types of tumors these patients may develop...

..Further studies focusing on the etiology of lobular carcinomas are needed...

..However, human studies evaluating use of antidepressants in relation to breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results...

..A further understanding of the timing of smoking, and its interaction with other factors, may enhance our knowledge of whether and by what mechanisms smoking alters breast cancer risk...

..These trends present important public health and clinical challenges...

..5-0.9) but not lobular or ductal-lobular carcinoma. Further exploration of breast cancer risk by histology is merited to understand differences in the etiology of ductal, lobular, and ductal-lobular carcinoma...

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..The declines observed thus far are likely attributable to saturation of screening, although further declines related to the widespread cessation of hormone use may follow...

..The few previous studies evaluating this association have been null but have been limited by small sample sizes, and none have evaluated risk by either histologic type or estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status...

..Thus, certain co-occurring alleles may be markers of disease risk that have clinical value as biomarkers for targeted screening or development of new therapies...

..The authors conclude that the interval between age at menarche and age at first birth is associated with the risk of hormonally sensitive types of breast cancer, particularly among White women...

..This is the first study to report this relationship, but if confirmed efforts to insure that diabetic breast cancer survivors are carefully screened for second breast cancers may be warranted...

..Given the expanding obesity epidemic, the widespread cessation of hormone therapy use, and the poor prognosis of triple-negative tumors, this novel finding merits confirmation...

..Mechanistic studies suggest that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of breast cancer. Observational studies offer mixed results...

..0-5.1), but not for the 4 types (C, F, H, and K) that were present at very low prevalence in this population. There was an increased risk of SCC, but not AC, associated with antibodies to C. trachomatis that was not serotype specific...

..Reproductive factors may plausibly be differentially correlated with the risk of different breast cancer subtypes because these factors are presumed to impact exposure to endogenous sex hormones...

..It extends the prior report in observing that this relationship holds for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and is independent of exposure to common migraine triggers...

..These findings suggest that additional effort expended in recruiting reluctant respondents may often result in more accurate estimates of population characteristics that are of interest in epidemiologic research...

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..Lobular carcinoma is less common than ductal carcinoma but can be more difficult to diagnose because of its subtle elusive infiltrative pattern...

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..The authors measured relative mortality among young patients with breast carcinoma with and without births occurring after diagnosis...

..Women using combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) have an increased risk of breast cancer; however, data on use for long durations and on risk associated with patterns of use are lacking...

..48/100,000 person-years). LCIS incidence rates have steadily increased from 1978 to 1998 only among postmenopausal women. Further research is required to assess what factors are contributing to these trends...

..7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.0) and DRB1*13-DQB1*06 (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9) haplotypes. These results add to the evidence that certain HLA class II alleles or allele combinations, or genes linked to them, make some women more susceptible to SCC...

..Our results suggest that birthweight exerts important influences on children's risk of age-specific and cause-specific mortalities, particularly those with a strong biological component...

..However, Asians and Pacific Islanders and Hispanic whites are heterogeneous populations, and few studies have evaluated breast cancer stage, treatments, and mortality rates for subgroups of these populations...

..This is because hormone receptor status may reflect different etiologic pathways and is useful in predicting response to adjuvant therapy and prognosis...

..Understanding the factors underlying these differences may provide further insight into breast cancer etiology in different populations...

..Differences in survival rates by histologic types of tumor have been reported, but few of the published studies were population based or had adequate power to address this issue...

..To assess interactions between use of estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy (EPHT) and body mass index (BMI) in relation to risks of different types of breast cancer, based on histology and hormone receptor status...

..To examine the hypothesis that higher body weight increases the risk of oral contraceptive (OC) failure...

..Anal cancer is a rare malignancy of the anogenital tract that historically has affected women at a greater rate than men...

..Women <50 years of age with class 1 or 2 calcifications or mammographically dense breasts, or both, should receive high priority for further evaluation and regular breast cancer screening...

..These results are consistent with there being an underlying hormonal basis for the known association between alcohol use and breast cancer incidence...

..To investigate the relationship between allergy and risk of breast cancer in women 45 years of age and younger...

..However, statins have been found to be carcinogenic in rodents and one clinical trial found an excess of breast carcinoma cases in the treatment group...

..5% and 78.6%, respectively, with lower rates for black women and older women. CONCLUSIONS: The methodologic details of this large collaboration may assist researchers conducting similar investigations...

..Progestin administered in an uninterrupted regimen may be a contributing factor. Risk dissipates once use is discontinued...

..CONCLUSIONS: Among women from 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer...

..17 (1.22-3.85). In conclusion, these racially distinct aggregation patterns may reflect different modes of inheritance and/or environmental factors that impact cancer risk...

..There was no statistical interaction between thyroid disorders, thyroid treatments, and race, menopausal status, or parity. We found no association between thyroid disorders or their associated treatments and the risk of breast cancer...

..These findings only modestly support the hypothesis that hormonally related risk factors have differing relations with ER+PR+ versus ER-PR- tumors among younger women...

..Further work is needed to explain how alcohol exposure, sex hormones, and tumor receptor status interact...

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..We examined breast cancer risk related to lifetime exposure to oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women...

..1) and twin membership (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.2). The protective effect of being born second or higher in the birth order against breast cancer mortality regardless of maternal age is striking and needs to be confirmed in future studies...

..To estimate breast cancer risk associated with short-term (<6 months) oral contraceptive use, and explore variation in estimates by use characteristics and medical, menstrual, and reproductive history...

..Additional studies are required to determine the specific cyst type(s) responsible for the observed relationship...

..To assess risk factors for breast cancer among very young compared to older premenopausal women...

..To determine the association between infertility drug use and invasive breast cancer in a population-based case-control study...

..These results are similar to previous studies that report little difference in the effect of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer by histology...

..which women have increased or decreased risks of developing CBC if they use tamoxifen? (4) Among the CBC cases, how does tamoxifen alter the expression of these tumor markers in first compared to contralateral cancers? ..

..cimetidine, anti-depressants, lipid lowering drugs) frequently used by women in this age group. ..

..of CHRT associated with alteration in the histologic characteristics, tumor cell proliferation, or expression of steroid hormone receptors, oncogenes, and cell cycle and cell death regulator proteins of lobular and ductal breast cancers? ..