A Pollack

..The protocol treatment randomization was RT alone versus RT plus short-course (approximately 4 months) neoadjuvant and concurrent total androgen blockade (RT+TAB)...

..However, little evidence is available to show that BF is associated with death for patents with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. We examined the relationship between BF and death from prostate cancer...

..The results of dose escalation, the ability of IMRT to reduce rectal and bladder exposure to high radiation doses and the use of new imaging methods to more accurately target the prostate are described...

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..These issues were investigated in a cohort of men with Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer who were randomized to receive between 70 Gy and 78 Gy and were prospectively biopsied at about 2 years after the completion of radiotherapy (RT)...

..The results with long-term ADT are much more convincing than short-term ADT, and, as a consequence, 2 to 3 years are recommended...

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..A randomized radiotherapy dose escalation trial was undertaken between 1993 and 1998 to compare the efficacy of 70 vs. 78 Gy in controlling prostate cancer...

..Animal model studies have provided suggestive evidence that AD sensitizes cells to radiation, but this mechanism is difficult to confirm conclusively in vivo. This question was investigated in LNCaP cells grown in vitro...

..In summary, advances in radiation oncology have led to significant gains in prostate cancer control. Clinical prognostic factor-based patient selection is central to the optimization of outcome...

..78). In conclusion, the use of the mMLC for IMRT of the prostate resulted in significant improvement in the DVH parameters of the prostate and critical organs, which may improve the therapeutic ratio...

..To determine the effect of radiotherapy dose on prostate cancer patient outcome and biopsy positivity in a phase III trial...

..The addition of prostatic radiation to ablation resulted in substantial and significant improvement in disease control and patient survival...

..To characterize the relationship of radiotherapy dose to prostate cancer patient outcome, with an emphasis on the influence of pretreatment prognostic variables...

..The IMRT technique has been proven practical for breast treatment clinically. The results showed that tangential IMRT improved the dose homogeneity in the breast and reduced the dose to the lung and heart...

..The difference in the target dose between CT- and MRI-based plans using homogeneous geometry was within 2.5%. Our results suggest that MRI-based treatment planning is suitable for radiotherapy of prostate cancer...

..The objective was to determine if this vector sensitizes cells to radiation independently of their p53 status...

..The impact of image noise on the performance of the algorithm has been tested. The results show that the algorithm accurately adjusts for target positional changes even with Gaussian noise levels as high as 20% inserted...

..In contrast to a search for the "best" plan, this approach can quickly determine feasibility and point out the most restrictive of the predetermined constraints...

..Inspection of the measured dynamic quantities, relative movement [RM(t)], fractions of labeled divided and undivided cells (f(lu)(t) and f(ld)(t)) suggests that T(G2+M), T(S), and T(pot) can be determined simultaneously...

..Because of the potential confounding factors, direct comparisons of ART and SRT are problematic; however, ART is extremely effective and offers the surest approach for maintaining biochemical control...

..To review a single institution's long-term results with doxorubicin-based preoperative chemotherapy for American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIIB extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS)...

..CONCLUSIONS: PLSCI significantly diminishes the likelihood of relapse for Stage IIA, IIB, and IIC seminoma (mass <or=10 cm)...

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..With further technological advances in radiation therapy, gene therapy, and the understanding of prostate cancer biology, gene therapy will potentially have an important role in prostate cancer therapy...

..Among older patients (>68 years old, n = 192), lower levels of distress were associated with higher levels of functional QOL, and longer expected survival time was associated with better functional and physical QOL...

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..To investigate the prognostic utility of the proportion of prostate biopsy tissue containing Gleason pattern 4 or 5 (GP4/5) after definitive radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer...

..To quantify the impact of radiation dose escalation on the timing of biochemical failure (BF) and distant metastasis (DM) for prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone...

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..However, ultrasound alignments performed without the use of a template deteriorated patient positioning for two out of three patients, demonstrating that the use of a CT template was beneficial even at small initial displacements...

..These factors should be used as a guide to the options of local therapy alone (RT), local therapy plus systemic therapy (typically androgen deprivation therapy), and systemic therapy alone...

..The dosimetry and acute toxicity are described in the first 100 men enrolled in a randomized trial...

..To compare several characteristics of alternative definitions of biochemical failure (BF) in men with extended follow-up after radiotherapy (RT) with or with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer...

..To quantify the radiotherapy dose-response of prostate cancer, adjusted for prognostic factors in a mature cohort of men treated relatively uniformly at a single institution...

..To determine the rate and magnitude of late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities after salvage or adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer, and to determine predictive factors for these toxicities...

..To understand how variation in CYP3A4 correlated with outcomes, a retrospective examination of the CYP3A4 *1B genotype was performed on men treated with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 92-02...

..To compare the toxicity and biochemical outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and (125)I transperineal permanent prostate seed implant ((125)I) for patients with low-risk prostate cancer...

..This study sought to determine whether the initial PSA increase from undetectable after completion of all treatment predicts for eventual biochemical failure (BF)...

..The objective of the current study was to compare ASTRO and Phoenix BF estimates as determinants of distant metastasis (DM), cause-specific mortality (CSM), and overall mortality (OM)...

..To report the long-term results of a randomized radiotherapy dose escalation trial for prostate cancer...

..The isocenter shifts generated by using a CT unit in the treatment room correlate highly with shifts produced by the BAT Ultrasound system...

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..To test the effects of antisense (AS)-MDM2 alone and with androgen deprivation (AD), radiotherapy (RT), and AD + RT on wild-type LNCaP cells in an orthotopic in vivo model...

..In the present study, we examined the prognostic value of p16 expression in men with locally advanced prostate cancer who were enrolled on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 9202...

..A follow-up investigation was carried out here in more contemporary high-risk men treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 92-02 with STAD+RT or long-term AD+RT (LTAD+RT)...

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..The authors hypothesized that early failures due to subclinical micrometastasis at presentation could be differentiated from late failures due to local persistence...

..We developed a nomogram to predict the probability of cancer control at 6 years after SRT for PSA-defined recurrence...

..There are limited data on the consequences of radiation treatment delay. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of time to treatment (TTT) on outcomes...

..To determine whether the use of androgen deprivation (AD) increases late morbidity when combined with high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)...

..The American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology definition for biochemical failure overestimates BF in 20-30% after RT+AD compared to 5% after RT alone...

..To assess the benefit of escalating the dose in definitive prostate cancer radiotherapy vs. the associated risk of complications...

..Comparing the results 2 and 3 years after radiotherapy, the symptoms of rectal bleeding had improved, erectile function had decreased, and urinary urge incontinence had increased...

..The focus of this work is to develop a practical planning method that results in increased dose conformity and reduced treatment time for segmental multileaf collimation (sMLC) based intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivery...

..This prognostic factor was equally valuable for patients diagnosed by TURP or needle biopsy...

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..To evaluate the rates of low-grade late effects in patients treated for prostate cancer on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9406...

..Patients with a 10-year life expectancy should be treated aggressively with long-term AD combined with either EBRT or RP...

..Patients are at slight but persistent risk for biochemical failure more than 5 years after treatment. Hazard rate calculations beyond the median followup of 4 years can underestimate the true hazard...

..Additional analysis with large numbers of patients from multiple institutions is necessary to determine the point...

..Several investigators have described intraoperative planning of prostate implants based on a nomogram. The aim of this work was to investigate the adequacy of the nomogram in predicting the total activity necessary for optimal dosimetry...

..To assess the preferences and utilities for prostate cancer health state scenarios of men treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and the predictors of treatment preferences...

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..The purpose of this study was to determine what pretreatment (initial) PSA (iPSA) level, if any, warrants the addition of long-term androgen deprivation in the PSA era...

..These data suggest that the primary tumor takes precedence over lymph node coverage or the use of STAD. Doses >70 Gy are of paramount importance in such intermediate- and high-risk patients...

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..Intensity-modulated radiation therapy may offer further reductions in the doses received by the PB and CB; however, at what cost to prostate coverage and normal tissue sparing will be the subject of a follow-up study...

..CONCLUSIONS: The SF model created prognostic groups with a greater internal consistency than the DF model. The SF was also better at identifying patients with high-risk prostate cancer who may benefit from a more aggressive approach...

..The P/M PO2 ratio was the strongest predictor for biochemical control on stepwise multivariate analysis. Longer follow up with more patients is planned to confirm this result...

..The PSA bounce phenomenon was not predictive of time to biochemical recurrence...

..Therefore, dose escalation may be safely achieved by adherence to dose-volume histogram constraints during treatment planning and organ localization at the time of treatment to ensure consistent patient setup...

..CONCLUSIONS: Escalation of RT dose reduced the rates of BF, DM, and OM significantly in patients with prostate cancer. The inclusion of YOT had a pronounced effect on these correlations that may confound interpretation...

..Although the accuracy of the BAT was not addressed in this investigation, we found a significant percentage of large shifts being made from the initial alignment position...

..The information gained will guide researchers in the appropriate use of the therapeutic or preventive agents being studied, and elucidate the roles of specific molecular events in tumor formation and development. ..