Research Topics
| NORMAN BRAD SCHMIDTSummaryAffiliation: Florida State University Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Diagnosing agoraphobia in the context of panic disorder: examining the effect of DSM-IV criteria on diagnostic decision-makingNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Behav Res Ther 43:1219-29. 2005..Knowledge concerning DSM criteria resulted in a greater rate of agoraphobia endorsement, but knowledge did not account for the overall pattern of findings...- Social anxiety symptoms uniquely predict fear responding to 35% CO(2) challengeNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Psychiatr Res 42:851-7. 2008..These data provide novel evidence suggesting that social anxiety symptoms are uniquely associated with anxious responding to 35% CO(2) challenge and this sensitivity appears to precede the development of panic attacks... 
Innovations in the treatment of anxiety psychopathology: introductionNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Behav Ther 43:465-7. 2012..This special series will describe new and innovative approaches to the treatment of anxiety psychopathology...- Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathologyNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Behav Ther 43:518-32. 2012..e., PD, SAD, GAD) by relatively inexperienced clinicians. Findings are discussed in the context of balancing treatment efficacy and clinical utility... - Mixed anxiety depression: taxometric exploration of the validity of a diagnostic category in youthNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, United States
J Affect Disord 98:83-9. 2007..Mixed anxiety depression (MAD) is a provisional diagnosis in the DSM-IV. This study determined whether MAD represents a discrete category thereby evaluating the validity of MAD as a diagnostic entity... - Anxiety Sensitivity Amelioration Training (ASAT): a longitudinal primary prevention program targeting cognitive vulnerabilityNorman B Schmidt
Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Anxiety Disord 21:302-19. 2007..Overall, findings are promising for the preventative efficacy of a brief, computer-based intervention designed to decrease anxiety sensitivity... 
Fear responding to 35% CO(2) challenge as a vulnerability marker for later social anxiety symptomsNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Psychiatr Res 42:763-8. 2008..This significant association was maintained after controlling for gender and trait anxiety. These data provide novel evidence suggesting that CO(2) sensitivity is predictive of the development of social anxiety symptoms...- Exploring human freeze responses to a threat stressorNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 39:292-304. 2008..Subjective anxiety and panic during the challenge were associated with the freeze response, as were a number of anxiety symptom dimensions... - Anxiety sensitivity: prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathologyNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306, USA
J Psychiatr Res 40:691-9. 2006..These are the first data to provide strong prospective evidence for AS as a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders... - Discomfort intolerance: evaluation of a potential risk factor for anxiety psychopathologyNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Behav Ther 38:247-55. 2007..These findings add to a small but growing literature suggesting that discomfort intolerance may play a role in the development of anxiety problems... - Reactivity to challenge with carbon dioxide as a prospective predictor of panic attacksNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
Psychiatry Res 151:173-6. 2007..Baseline response to a CO(2) challenge was a very strong predictor of future panic attacks (though not for panic disorder or other anxiety disorders)... - Anxiety sensitivity and CO2 challenge reactivity as unique and interactive prospective predictors of anxiety pathologyNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 1270, USA
Depress Anxiety 24:527-36. 2007..These data provide novel evidence for the unique and combined effects of AS and CO(2)-induced fear reactivity as risk factors in the development of anxiety and its disorders... - Risk factor research and prevention for anxiety disorders: introduction to the special series on risk and prevention of anxiety pathologyNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32312, USA
Behav Modif 31:3-7. 2007..Risk factor research should be used by clinical researchers to inform prevention programs, and reciprocally, prevention knowledge should be effectively utilized to drive new, clinically focused risk factor research... - Assessing the clinical utility of agoraphobia in the context of panic disorderNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
Depress Anxiety 25:158-66. 2008..In summary, the agoraphobia specifier seems to have clinical utility but this could be improved by focusing on a dimensional assessment of situational avoidance... - Anxiety sensitivity as a prospective predictor of alcohol use disordersNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Behav Modif 31:202-19. 2007..Data indicated that gender and AS did not act synergistically to predict alcohol use disorders. These data provide novel evidence for the unique effects of AS as a prospective risk factor in the development of alcohol-related disorders... - Differential effects of safety in extinction of anxious responding to a CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorderNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 115:341-50. 2006..Findings suggest that safety information facilitates extinction of anxiety but only in the absence of safety cues... - Anxiety sensitivity profile: predictive and incremental validityNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Anxiety Disord 22:1180-9. 2008..In regard to predictive validity, the ASP-22 was comparable to the original ASP. In summary, the ASP-22 appears to represent a viable measure of AS that may complement the ASI... - Anxiety sensitivity: prospective prediction of anxiety among early adolescentsNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
J Anxiety Disord 24:503-8. 2010..Consistent with the adult literature and expectancy theory, AS appears to act as a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in youth... - Treatment of panicNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 4301, USA
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 6:241-56. 2010..The prevention of panic-spectrum psychopathology is a promising area linked with advances in the identification of panic-relevant risk factors that appear to modulate CBT outcomes... - Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorderNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 118:5-14. 2009..Results support attention-based models of anxiety and suggest that attention training is a promising alternative or complementary intervention... - Does coping predict CO2-induced panic in patients with panic disorder?Norman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Behav Res Ther 43:1311-9. 2005..However, only panic-specific coping predicted panic attacks in response to the CO2 challenge... - Anxiety sensitivity as an incremental predictor of later anxiety symptoms and syndromesNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Compr Psychiatry 49:407-12. 2008..These data provide novel evidence for the unique association between AS of the development of anxiety symptoms... - Evaluating anxiety sensitivity and other fundamental sensitivities predicting anxiety symptoms and fearful responding to a biological challengeNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Behav Res Ther 44:1681-8. 2006..These findings are consistent with Expectancy Theory in suggesting that the AS component of the model is specific to amplification of fears to arousal cues... - Discomfort intolerance: Development of a construct and measure relevant to panic disorderNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Anxiety Disord 20:263-80. 2006..The DIS appears to be a sound measure of a broad individual difference variable tapping the ability to tolerate a variety of uncomfortable sensations and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders... - A prospective test of anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of the relation between gender and posttraumatic symptom maintenance among high anxiety sensitive young adultsMatthew T Feldner
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
Depress Anxiety 25:190-9. 2008..These data provide novel prospective evidence regarding the interplay of relatively well-established risk factors implicated in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms... - Anxiety psychopathology in African American adults: literature review and development of an empirically informed sociocultural modelLora Rose Hunter
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Psychol Bull 136:211-35. 2010..The model is discussed in the context of existing models of anxiety etiology. Specific follow-up research is also suggested, along with implications for clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment... - Implications of the DSM's emphasis on sadness and anhedonia in major depressive disorderJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32312 1270, USA
Psychiatry Res 159:25-30. 2008..Differential symptom expression could have important implications for the etiology, prevention, and treatment of MDD... - Ataques de nervios: culturally bound and distinct from panic attacks?Meghan E Keough
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Depress Anxiety 26:16-21. 2009..However, the cultural distinctiveness and phenomenology of ADN has not been adequately investigated... - Prospective associations between cannabis use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks and disorderMichael J Zvolensky
University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
J Psychiatr Res 42:1017-23. 2008..However, cannabis was not incrementally associated with the development of panic after controlling for daily cigarette smoking. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed... - Structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index psychometrics and factor structure in a community sampleNorman B Schmidt
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
J Anxiety Disord 16:33-49. 2002..This model generalized well to a nonclinical college sample (N = 809)... - Compensatory deficits following rejection: the role of social anxiety in disrupting affiliative behaviorMichael A Mallott
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
Depress Anxiety 26:438-46. 2009..This study examined emotional and behavioral responding to a social rejection stressor to explore whether social anxiety moderates the effects of social rejection on prosocial compensatory behaviors... - Social anxiety and insomnia: the mediating role of depressive symptomsJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 1270, USA
Depress Anxiety 25:124-30. 2008..Our data support the contention that social anxiety is associated with insomnia and suggest that depression may play a vital role in this co-occurrence... - Social anxiety and problematic alcohol consumption: the mediating role of drinking motives and situationsJulia D Buckner
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Behav Ther 37:381-91. 2006..Findings suggest that alcohol use to enhance positive affect or in response to these specific situations may account for the risk for alcohol-related problems among those with social anxiety... - Panic attacks and physical health problems in a representative sample: singular and interactive associations with psychological problems, and interpersonal and physical disabilityErin C Marshall
University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, United States
J Anxiety Disord 22:78-87. 2008..The present investigation examined the singular and interactive effects of panic attacks and physical illness in relation to psychological, interpersonal, and physical types of impairment... - Taxometric and factor analytic models of anxiety sensitivity: integrating approaches to latent structural researchAmit Bernstein
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
Psychol Assess 19:74-87. 2007.... - Implications of comorbid alcohol dependence among individuals with social anxiety disorderJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Depress Anxiety 25:1028-37. 2008..Second, we examined the psychosocial impairment associated with the comorbidity of SAD and AUD versus SAD without AUD. Third, the temporal sequencing of SAD and AUD among comorbid individuals was examined... - Lifetime associations between cannabis, use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks in a representative sampleMichael J Zvolensky
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, 05450 Burlington, VT 05450 0134, United States
J Psychiatr Res 40:477-86. 2006..The present investigation evaluated lifetime associations between cannabis use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks after controlling for alcohol abuse, polysubstance use, and demographic variables... - Diathesis stress model for panic-related distress: a test in a Russian epidemiological sampleMichael J Zvolensky
Department of Psychology, The University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Room 202, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
Behav Res Ther 43:521-32. 2005..These findings are discussed in relation to biopsychosocial theories of panic disorder, which emphasize the importance of both a cognitive diathesis and stress component in the pathogenesis of the disorder... - Social anxiety and problematic cannabis use: evaluating the moderating role of stress reactivity and perceived copingJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306, USA
Behav Res Ther 44:1007-15. 2006..Only perceived coping to unpredictable stimuli moderated the relationship between SAD and CUD symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of tension-reduction models of co-occurring social anxiety and problematic cannabis use... - The interactive effect of anxiety sensitivity and frequency of marijuana use in terms of anxious responding to bodily sensations among youthJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Psychiatry Res 166:238-46. 2009..Present findings suggest AS appears to serve as an important and potentially specific anxiety-related variable that deserves serious attention as a potential vulnerability factor among frequent marijuana-using females... - Test of the role of nicotine dependence in the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder and panic spectrum problemsMatthew T Feldner
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK, USA
J Trauma Stress 22:36-44. 2009..Results were consistent with hypotheses. These findings support the theory suggesting smoking among people with PTSD may be involved in the development of panic problems... - Four studies on how past and current suicidality relate even when "everything but the kitchen sink" is covariedThomas E Joiner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 114:291-303. 2005..Results provide additional support for the importance of past suicidality as a substantive risk factor for later suicidal behavior... - Smoking cessation behavior in older adults by race and gender: the role of health problems and psychological distressNatalie Sachs-Ericsson
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 11:433-43. 2009..The present study, based on prospective data from a biracial sample of older adults (N = 4,162), examined characteristics of older adult smokers by race and gender... - The latent structure of child depression: a taxometric analysisJ Anthony Richey
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:1147-55. 2009..The current study examined the categorical versus continuous nature of child and adolescent depression among three samples of children and adolescents ranging from 5 to 19 years... - Evaluating anxiety sensitivity, exposure to aversive life conditions, and problematic drinking in Russia: a test using an epidemiological sampleMichael J Zvolensky
Department of Psychology, The University of Vermont, Room 202, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
Addict Behav 30:567-70. 2005.... - The endocrinology of exclusion: rejection elicits motivationally tuned changes in progesteroneJon K Maner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Psychol Sci 21:581-8. 2010..These findings provide new insight into the immediate biological changes precipitated by social exclusion--changes that could initiate a range of motivated social responses... - Social anxiety and marijuana-related problems: the role of social avoidanceJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Addict Behav 36:129-32. 2011..People with elevated social anxiety seem vulnerable to marijuana-related impairment. Yet little work has examined core facets of social anxiety that may be especially related to marijuana-related problems... - Submitting to defeat: social anxiety, dominance threat, and decrements in testosteroneJon K Maner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Psychol Sci 19:764-8. 2008..This research provides novel insight into the nature and consequences of social anxiety, and also illustrates the utility of integrating social psychological theory with endocrinological approaches to psychological science... - Evaluating the role of panic disorder in emotional sensitivity processes involved with smokingMichael J Zvolensky
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
J Anxiety Disord 19:673-86. 2005..Results are discussed in relation to panic-relevant emotional sensitivity processes involved with smoking... - Problematic alcohol and cannabis use among young adults: the roles of depression and discomfort and distress toleranceJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 1270, USA
Addict Behav 32:1957-63. 2007.... - Marijuana use motives and social anxiety among marijuana-using young adultsJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 1270, USA
Addict Behav 32:2238-52. 2007..These data provide novel evidence for the unique effects of coping-motivated marijuana use in the link between marijuana-related impairment and social anxiety... - Do traumatic events influence the clinical expression of compulsive hoarding?Kiara R Cromer
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Behav Res Ther 45:2581-92. 2007..Closer examination revealed that the clutter factor of compulsive hoarding (and not difficulty discarding or acquisitioning) was most strongly associated with having experienced a traumatic event... - An investigation of traumatic life events and obsessive-compulsive disorderKiara R Cromer
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Behav Res Ther 45:1683-91. 2007.... - The role of risk avoidance in anxietyJon K Maner
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
Behav Ther 37:181-9. 2006..This research has implications for understanding the role basic risk decision-making processes may play in the nature and treatment of anxiety... - Associations between age of onset and lifetime history of panic attacks and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence in a representative sampleAmit Bernstein
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405-0134, USA
Compr Psychiatry 47:342-9. 2006..4%) or the number of participants for whom these problems developed at the same age (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest panic attacks, particularly of early onset, may serve as a risk marker for alcohol dependence... - Anxiety sensitivity as a specific and unique marker of anxious symptoms in youth psychiatric inpatientsThomas E Joiner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306 1270, USA
J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:167-75. 2002..Implications for the construct validity of anxiety sensitivity were discussed... - Neuroticism moderates the effect of maximum smoking level on lifetime panic disorder: a test using an epidemiologically defined national sample of smokersMichael J Zvolensky
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
Psychiatry Res 141:321-32. 2006..Results are discussed in relation to refining recent panic-smoking conceptual models and elucidating different pathways to panic-related problems... - Understanding social anxiety as a risk for alcohol use disorders: fear of scrutiny, not social interaction fears, prospectively predicts alcohol use disordersJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
J Psychiatr Res 43:477-83. 2009.... - Marijuana effect expectancies: relations to social anxiety and marijuana use problemsJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 211 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Addict Behav 33:1477-83. 2008..Negative Expectancies mediated the social anxiety-marijuana problems link. These data provide new insight into problematic marijuana use among this high-risk group... - Social anxiety disorder and marijuana use problems: the mediating role of marijuana effect expectanciesJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Depress Anxiety 26:864-70. 2009..Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) appear particularly vulnerable to marijuana-related problems. Yet, mechanisms underlying this association are unclear... - Peer influence and gender differences in problematic cannabis use among individuals with social anxietyJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Anxiety Disord 20:1087-102. 2006..Further, a gender effect indicated that the relationship between symptoms of SAD and CUD occurred only in women. Implications of these novel findings are discussed... - Cross cultural evaluation of smokers risk for panic and anxiety pathology: a test in a Russian epidemiological sampleMichael J Zvolensky
The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 0134, USA
Behav Res Ther 41:1199-215. 2003.... - Interpreting facial expressions: the influence of social anxiety, emotional valence, and raceLora Rose Hunter
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
J Anxiety Disord 23:482-8. 2009..Implications for integration of information processing data and evolutionary models of social anxiety are discussed... - Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis dependenceJulia D Buckner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Psychiatr Res 42:230-9. 2008..Among the internalizing disorders, SAD appears to serve as a unique risk factor for the subsequent onset of cannabis and alcohol dependence...
Research Grants
- Interactive Computer Treatment for Panic DisorderNORMAN SCHMIDT; Fiscal Year: 2003..It is hypothesized that both active treatment groups will produce better outcomes relative to the control condition and that the computer-based treatment will produce superior outcomes relative to the book-based treatment. ..