Walter R Boot

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..Thus it appears that observers by default will favor a particular search strategy but can modify this strategy when it is clearly maladaptive to the task...

..Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Supplemental figures for this article can be downloaded from app.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental...

..Rather, transfer was most evident in tasks that were most similar to the Space Fortress game itself. Results are discussed in terms of potential limitations of the VPT approach...

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..Our approach and findings also provide a foundation for exploring the brain plasticity involved in transfer of trained abilities to novel real-world tasks such as driving, sport, or neurorehabilitation...

..Additional analyses suggested that older adults may derive their benefit from finer spatial encoding of search items. These findings suggest that some of the memory processes that support visual search are relatively age invariant...

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..Individual differences in changes in game performance were correlated with improvements in task switching. The study has implications for the enhancement of executive control processes of older adults...

..These findings suggest a neuroanatomical basis for the superiority of training strategies that promote cognitive flexibility and transfer to untrained tasks...

..These data suggest that with instructions and minimal practice, older adults can ameliorate the cost of a poor search strategy...

..Furthermore, the visual search performance advantage obtained in the presence of a background layout or landmark was observed both for individuals with small and large memory spans...

..Results confirm and extend our understanding of the influence of features within the focus of attention on when and where attention will shift next...

..Results indicate that objects in the environment that share no features with search items are used as external support to aid memory in guiding visual search...

..Two experiments examined the detectability of multiple transient changes within a cluttered and dynamic display (a simulated sonar display)...

..Two experiments examined the detectability of transient changes in cluttered and dynamic displays and optimal scan strategies for performance...

..Thus, regional differences in brain volume can predict learning in complex tasks that entail the use of a variety of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes...

..These results challenge the hypothesis that attention capture by irrelevant features is stimulus driven. Instead, prioritization depends on and is modulated by the availability of resources...

..Thus, control processes, as indexed by alpha and delta EEG oscillations, can predict learning and skill improvements. The results are of potential use to optimize training regimes...

..At least with respect to attention capture and distraction, depression seems to be functionally comparable to juggling a second, unrelated cognitive task...

..Findings suggest that training, specifically one that emphasizes cognitive flexibility can reduce the attentional demands of a complex cognitive task, along with reduced reliance on the motor network...

..In both experiments, the degree of oculomotor capture decreased as observers' cognitive resources were reduced. These results suggest that oculomotor capture during scene viewing is dependent on observers' top-down selection mechanisms...

..Camouflage training benefits at transfer for older adults appeared to be related to improvements in attentional guidance and target recognition rather than a more efficient search strategy...

..These results highlight the importance of individual differences in scanning strategy in real-world dynamic, cluttered environments...

..Hence, P3 and EEG spectral data are differentially sensitive to changes in attentional processing occurring with complex task training...

..e., antipredictive). The present results are consistent with a new-object theory of attentional capture in which onsets receive attentional priority over other types of changes in the visual environment...

..IOR was found for items that had been previously examined. It is concluded that both automatic and intentional memory traces are available to guide the eyes during search...

..The expertise effects obtained substantiate the view that laboratory tests of cognition may indeed enlighten the sport-cognition relationship...

..Despite null cognitive results, data provide valuable insights into the types of video games older adults are willing to play and why...

..We discuss these pitfalls, identify how existing studies succeed or fail in overcoming them, and provide guidelines for more definitive tests of the effects of gaming on cognition...

..Moreover, recognition skills were in part stimulus-specific, such that performance was degraded by the introduction of unfamiliar target objects. Implications for screener training are discussed...