ARYEH STEIN

..Interventions designed to address nutrient deficiencies and ameliorate stunting that are targeted at pregnant women and young children are unlikely to increase cardiovascular disease risk later in life and may instead lower the risk...

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..We examined whether exposure to acute famine during specific periods of gestation was associated with 2D, 4D or the 2D:4D ratio...

..05); for BMI <-1.00, the respective prevalences were 7.9% and 5.2% (P > 0.05). There have been long-term improvements in child growth, as measured by HAZ, without concurrent increases in BMI over successive generations of children...

..Growth failure prior to age 12 mo was most strongly associated with adult stature. These consistencies speak to the importance of interventions to address intrauterine growth failure and growth failure in the first 12 mo of life...

..To estimate the association of improved nutrition in early life with adult intellectual functioning, controlling for years of schooling...

..02). Morbidity during infancy was not associated with age of walking. These findings indicate the importance of prevention of postnatal growth retardation and improvement of diet quality for children's gross motor development...

..Growth is associated with CVD risk in adulthood; however, its contribution to CVD risks in children facing the obesity epidemic is unclear...

..BMI and waist circumference (WC) are used to screen for cardio-metabolic risk; however it is unclear how well these indices perform in populations subject to childhood stunting...

..Rapidly transitioning societies are experiencing dramatic increases in obesity and cardio-metabolic risk; however, few prospective studies from developing countries have quantified these increases or described their joint relationships...

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..7; 95% CI: 3.7, 50.8). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that better nutrition during early childhood improved adult EA, but only among children who completed primary school...

..More evidence from developing countries will help explain the underlying mechanisms and identify appropriate interventions to prevent neurodevelopmental delay in early childhood...

..Likewise, we found no effect of protein-energy supplementation in pregnancy or in early childhood on blood pressure in young adults...

..D.) increment in length=1.5, 95% CI [1.05, 2.2]). CONCLUSIONS: Growth in length and HC from birth to 2 years of age, but not birth size or growth after 2 years, is an important predictor of women's EA...

..Among women, the benefit of postnatal supplementation was restricted to those born thin (test for interaction P = 0.10). Improving the nutritional status of undernourished women and children may have positive long-term consequences...

..We conclude that some mothers who experience delayed OL are less likely to continue full breast-feeding in the first 6 mo and that further research should examine the contextual factors that modify this relationship...

..02, 0.21) and glucose (mg/l; beta = 0.13: 95 % CI 0.03, 0.22). We conclude that indices of diet quality are not consistently associated with chronic disease risk factor prevalence in this population of Guatemalan young adults...

..Associations were weak, differed by choice of control, and may reflect sampling variability or methodological differences. Persistent small energy imbalances could explain the increased weight of famine-exposed individuals...

..Rates of mental illness in children are increasing throughout the world. Observational studies of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder suggest that zinc is an alternative treatment...

..One-third of men reported consuming alcohol and 42% were current smokers. Very few women reported alcohol or tobacco use...

..Differences in reproductive behaviors by parental SES and current residence suggest the role of social transitions in determining family formation in Guatemala...

..Migrants to Guatemala City have completed more years of school and scored higher on the tests of educational achievement and cognitive functioning than have cohort members who have remained in the study villages...

..Although exponentiation of the denominator eliminates the association of index with its denominator, the resulting exponents lack generalizability across populations, especially those where stunting remains prevalent...

..Overweight in adults is a strong determinant of variance in CVD risk factor prevalence...

..Such interventions also may reduce gender gaps in later-life disability and self-rated health...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Growth retardation in early childhood was associated with shortness and less FFM in adulthood. Preventing growth failure in utero and preventing growth failure during the first 2 y of life are equally important for ABSC...

..Nutritional supplementation in early life reduces stunting in chronically undernourished populations. It is unknown whether these improvements can be transmitted to subsequent generations...

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..It is not known whether these improvements have an impact on the growth of subsequent generations. Our objective was to estimate the intergenerational effect on offspring length of improved nutrition in the mother's early childhood...

..Our data provide at best limited support for the suggestion that maternal nutritional status is associated with the sex ratio at birth in humans...

..The need for omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during pregnancy has received much attention, but evidence of effects on birth outcomes is limited...

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..Catch-up growth in smaller babies benefited schooling. Nutrition interventions aimed at women and children under 2 y are among the key strategies for achieving the millennium development goal of universal primary education by 2015...

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..Few studies in humans have related maternal undernutrition to the size of the adult offspring...

..We conducted a case-cohort study in South Carolina to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and OC failure by using population-based data sources...

..The mean dermatoglyphic ridge count difference between fingertips 1 and 5 ('Md15') varies with the early prenatal environment. We hypothesized that Md15 would be associated with adult-onset diabetes...

..50. This brief FFQ provides acceptably reproducible and valid estimates of fruit and vegetable servings per day among most groups of medical students, but overestimates fat as a percentage of energy intake...

..31, 95% CI 1.09-1.58; p = 0.004) of male offspring. Our data do not provide any support for acute and severe maternal undernutrition as a trigger for an increase in female conceptions or in male foetal deaths in human populations...

..We do not recommend the use of birth size or body proportions as a proxy for fetal nutritional status in the study of adult disease...

..The purpose of this study is to provide insight on the continuing high rate of unintended pregnancy among adult women...

..Multiple measures are required to accurately estimate the true hygiene pattern of a household...

..08) blood pressure and with hypertension prevalence (odds ratio 1.44; 95% CI 1.04, 2.00; p < 0.05) in age- and sex-adjusted models. Exposure to famine during gestation may predispose to the development of hypertension in middle age...

..Accelerometry and PAR are useful methods for categorizing EE in epidemiologic studies among pregnant women but absolute estimates are biased relative to HR...

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..Fingerprint RC differences observed in postnatal life may be useful in the study of metabolic or anatomic programming related to the early prenatal environment...

..Public health actions must address the prevention of emerging chronic diseases in countries still burdened by undernutrition and infections...

..The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of a 52-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by comparing it with multiple 24-hour dietary recalls...

..Such a pattern was not evident in women, except that blood pressure was higher in urban women than in women who lived in their original villages...

..Most predictive equations currently used to assess percentage body fat (%BF) were derived from persons in industrialized Western societies...

..To assess the separate and combined relationships of aerobic physical activity during pregnancy, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and height to the fetal growth ratio...

..We conclude that data collection was successful and data quality is high, facilitating the successful undertaking of our planned investigation of important study hypotheses...

..The purpose of this investigation was to determine heart rate (HR)/oxygen consumption (VO2) calibration curves for exercising and sedentary women during pregnancy and the postpartum periods...

..Members of the research team have a successful history of collaboration, in some cases over decades, in conducting and analyzing field studies and other research. ..