Kyle Steenland

..Multivariate models that consider socioeconomic status as a potential confounder may not need to consider area-level socioeconomic status if data are available on individual-level education...

..Pesticides have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a few...

..These results were limited by small numbers and restriction to mortality data, which are of limited relevance for several nonfatal outcomes of a priori interest...

..The effect of recent depression did not differ by antidepressant treatment, APOE4 allele status, or type of MCI. In conclusion, late-life depression is a strong risk factor for normal subjects progressing to MCI...

..To analyze differences for prostate cancer by race and in rural areas...

..CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiologic evidence remains limited, and to date data are insufficient to draw firm conclusions regarding the role of PFOA for any of the diseases of concern...

..PFOA has been associated with elevated uric acid in two studies of chemical workers. Uric acid is a risk factor for hypertension and possibly other cardiovascular outcomes...

..Because these data are cross-sectional, causal inference is limited. Nonetheless, the associations between these compounds and lipids raise concerns, given their common presence in the general population...

..In line with national patterns, younger and more educated rural patients were significantly more likely to have ever used CAM and to use it after treatment...

..Survival varies widely among different neurodegenerative diseases. Data on the role of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) in survival are sparse except for Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..AD reporting on death certificates is known to be poor. This is the first analysis of recent trends in AD mortality since the advent of ICD-10...

..Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a perfluoroalkyl acid found in > 99% of Americans. Its health effects are unknown. Prior estimates of serum half-life range from 2.3 to 3.8 years...

..There are few data on prostate cancer incidence and survival in relation to socioeconomic status in the 1990s, after the introduction of prostate specific Antigen (PSA) testing...

..The US Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADCs) (n = 30) recently created a uniform data set. We sought to determine which variables were most important in making a diagnosis, and how these differed across ADCs...

..Conversely, a model of untransformed (linear) exposure may underestimate risks attributable to exposures in the low-dose region...

..Furthermore, these data support epidemiological and laboratory studies reporting a link between PCB exposure and an increased risk for Parkinson's disease, including greater susceptibility of females...

..Our partnership model may provide a useful framework for cancer outcomes research projects in rural communities...

..Silica has, therefore, joined a handful of other toxic exposures such as tobacco smoke, dioxin, and asbestos which cause multiple serious diseases...

..We use simulations and an empirical example to demonstrate that time-since-termination can be a confounding factor in analyses of occupational-exposure-mortality associations...

..There are also new data regarding how the AhR functions in mediating the carcinogenic response to TCDD. The new evidence generally supports the 1997 IARC classification...

..S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4-5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure remain unknown...

..78 mg/dl lower than the mean UA level among those not reporting PD (P <or= 0.0001). These findings concur with several previous longitudinal studies that found an association between higher UA levels and decreased PD risk...

..These deaths are of particular interest because they are potentially preventable and they represent the second leading cause of years of life lost under age 75...

..The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of renal disease among workers with silicosis...

..Deaths due to occupational disease and injury place a heavy burden on society in terms of economic costs and human suffering...

..ETO causes mammary tumors in mice, and has been associated with breast cancer incidence in one small epidemiologic study...

..15, 1.78). Bayesian results were similar (95% posterior limits: 1.13, 1.84). The authors believe that these types of analyses, which make explicit and quantify sources of uncertainty, should be more widely adopted by epidemiologists...

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..We investigated mortality differences according to socioeconomic status (SES) for employed persons in 27 states during 1984-1997...

..Points are illustrated using data from a study of dioxin and cancer...

..PCBs decrease dopamine levels in rats and monkeys. Loss of dopamine is the hallmark of Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative disease. There are no epidemiologic studies of PCBs and neurodegenerative disease...

..1 and 13.0%. Our results agree broadly with results from a German cohort, which is the only other cohort for which a quantitative risk assessment has been conducted...

..Ongoing research is focusing on the identification of those individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are most likely to convert to AD. Of the MCI subtypes, patients with amnestic MCI (a-MCI) are at greatest risk...

..69 and 0.64, respectively). These data do not indicate that mortality among those who left involuntarily was higher than for those who left voluntarily. Both groups showed a strong healthy worker effect...

..The diagnostic challenges, the importance of biomarkers and the discussion of inflammation as a possible link between depression, MCI and dementia are examined in this article...