DONALD J NEWPORT

..Paralleling the preclinical literature are human studies indicating similar acute effects. The clinical implications for the psychiatric treatment of depressed women who have children will be discussed...

..This article reviews findings in preclinical research on the adverse impact of parental depression on the development of offspring, with emphasis on the relevance of this research for the psychiatric care of depressed parents...

..Our findings suggest that a history of childhood abuse per se is related to increased neuroendocrine stress reactivity, which is further enhanced when additional trauma is experienced in adulthood...

..Although the significance of amniotic fluid exposure remains to be determined, these results demonstrate that maternally administered antidepressants are accessible to the fetus in a manner not previously appreciated...

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..The objectives of the current study were to quantify placental permeability to antipsychotic medications and to document obstetrical outcomes for women taking these agents proximate to delivery...

..The high risk of bipolar depression during pregnancy encourages consideration of lamotrigine (LTG). We therefore compared recurrence risks among pregnant women with BPD treated with LTG to those discontinuing mood stabilizer therapies...

..The potential roles of comorbid maternal anxiety disorders, timing of maternal depression, and maternal treatment with psychotropic medications during pregnancy are addressed...

..We sought to characterize the determinants of lamotrigine concentrations in breast milk and nursing-infant plasma...

..Taken together, this line of evidence demonstrates that psychoneuroendocrine research may ultimately promote optimized clinical care and help prevent the adverse outcomes of childhood trauma...

..The current study characterizes the level and determinants of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine concentrations in breast milk and in nursing infant plasma...

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..The majority of previous studies in this area focus on adult offspring, and the degree to which the effects of parental child abuse can be detected earlier in the development of the offspring remains obscure...

..Inconsistent diagnostic criteria fail to delineate guidelines for postpartum depression surveillance. This study evaluates the validity of commonly accepted postpartum onset criteria...

..Infant exposure and limitations to monitoring infant sera are reviewed. Lastly, a model and guide for reducing fetal and infant exposures is presented...

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..Pregnant women with psychiatric illness treated with zolpidem may have less optimal obstetrical outcome, though it is unclear if this was related to the medication...

..In contrast, the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, and nursing infant sera literature demonstrated significantly different exposures to individual medications...

..This review summarizes the current data on drug transporters in the placental passage of medications, with a focus on medications used in clinical psychopharmacology...

..Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of venlafaxine in perimenopausal depression...

..CONCLUSIONS: The in vivo ratios of umbilical cord to maternal serum drug concentrations demonstrate considerable fetal exposure and differ greatly from previous results utilizing ex vivo perfusion...

..These findings support the hypothesis that central CRF hypersecretion is associated with a blunted ACTH response to exogenously administered CRF, explaining almost 60% of the variation in the ACTH response to CRF...

..In conclusion, PPD rates are higher among women with epilepsy than the general population, particularly those who are multiparous or receiving AED polytherapy, and there is no evidence that AED selection modifies this risk...

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..These data suggest that PPD may be associated with unique alterations in serotonergic function that are specific to the puerperium...

..These basic guidelines can help decrease the number of exposures and aid in conducting clinical care with at least some reproductive safety data...

..Current practice guidelines discourage use of lithium during breast-feeding, despite limited data. This study aimed to quantify lithium exposure in nursing infants...

..However, systematic delineation of risk of relapse in women who maintain or discontinue pharmacological treatment during pregnancy is necessary...

..This study estimated the risk of recurrence of mood episodes among women with a history of bipolar disorder who continued or discontinued treatment with mood stabilizers during pregnancy...

..Child abuse and trauma alter the endogenous stress response, principally corticotropin-releasing hormone and its downstream effectors, suggesting that a gene x environment interaction at this locus may be important in depression...