David Archer

..5 mg norethindrone acetate (Activella; E(2)/NETA group), a newly available CCHRT preparation, over a 6-month period...

..We hypothesize, based on these data, that the clinical finding of no endometrial growth in women using tibolone may be partly related to alterations in these angiogenic factors...

..The current study was designed to estimate these events in desvenlafaxine versus placebo in a larger population followed for 1 year...

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..This review explores the potential for targeted estrogen replacement as a therapeutic option for long-term skin management in postmenopausal women...

..Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and the spotting and bleeding (S/B) associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives are distinct entities affecting endometrial vasculature and hemostasis...

..The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety, and lowest practical dose of a transdermal estradiol gel in the treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women...

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..The impact of lower doses of hormones on heart disease, and venous thromboembolism and stroke remain to be determined in future studies...

..The data suggest a possible increase in ovarian epithelial tumors with >10 years use of estrogen only. There is no evidence of a change in the incidence of uterine cervical neoplasia with either estrogen or progestin...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the endometrial, ovarian, and breast safety of bazedoxifene used as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis...

..The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms...

..IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were increased in the intrauterine cavity of postmenopausal women with an IDS-P. These data suggest that secreted cytokines could be a potential mechanism of IUD contraceptive efficacy...

..Women experiencing excessive S/B were enrolled in a multicenter prospective randomized study using EE, IBU or PL...

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..To address the endometrial safety of tibolone...

..In addition to providing effective and safe relief of menopausal symptoms, the combination has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and weight gain...

..No good therapeutic option to control the bleeding or spotting exists at this time. Evaluation and monitoring of the patient regarding endometrial safety is of paramount importance...

..For women who do not wish to become pregnant, a continuous OC regimen should be an available option...

..25 or 2.5 mg/d). Tibolone was compared with continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (0.625 + 2.5 mg/d)...

..This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a continuous daily regimen of levonorgestrel (LNG) 90 microg/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20 microg (continuous LNG/EE)...

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..To evaluate the effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens (BZA/CE), a tissue selective estrogen complex, on uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women...

..A continuous regimen of oral levonorgestrel (LNG) 90 mcg/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20 mcg was evaluated for inhibition of ovulation, time to return to ovulation after stopping treatment and safety...

..To determine whether a continuous estradiol-norethindrone acetate transdermal delivery system reduces incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women more than transdermal estradiol (E2) alone...

..The endometrial histologic findings observed in this study were similar to those observed during the use of 21-day combination oral contraceptive regimens...

..To analyze the effects of two continuous combined hormone replacement regimens on bleeding profiles in postmenopausal women, based on progestin dose and time since the patient's last spontaneous menstrual period...

..To evaluate vaginal bleeding profiles with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as continuous combined therapy...

..The addition of a progestin to ERT reduces the incidence of endometrial cancer. The duration of progestin administration is more important than the dose...

..The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) for menopausal vasomotor symptoms...

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..To determine the efficacy and tolerability of two strengths of percutaneous 17beta-estradiol in a hydroalcoholic gel and placebo in controlling vasomotor symptoms of menopause...

..To determine the effect of 17beta-E(2), levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norethindrone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms 121 and 165 in Ishikawa cells in vitro...

..The major cause of hormone therapy-related bleeding is unknown. Alterations in angiogenic factors that could result in vascular dysfunction and vessel breakdown provide a working hypothesis as to the potential cause of vessel breakdown...

..New formulations, including extended-cycle or continuous-use COCs or those that use a natural estrogen, estradiol, may offer improvements over their predecessors...

..We hypothesized that differential effects on angiogenic factors or inflammatory cytokines by individual hormones may be related to the endometrial bleeding in postmenopausal women using hormone therapy...

..We hypothesized, based on these data, that the clinical finding of endometrial antiproliferative effect and low vaginal bleeding rate observed in women using mifepristone may be related to lack of stimulation of these angiogenic factors...

..These alterations could induce a unique pro angiogenic activity in the endometrial capillary plexus, with consequent aberrant vasculogenesis, which may result in irregular endometrial bleeding...

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..Endometrial spotting and/or bleeding (ESB) occurs in levonorgestrel subcutaneous implant (LNG SI) users. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role in ESB...

..Our hypothesis is that raloxifene's lack of endometrial stimulation may be partly mediated by an antiangiogenic effect...

..Colposcopy is used to evaluate effects of new vaginal products on cervicovaginal epithelium as part of the US Food and Drug Administration-mandated product approval process, yet few aspects of its use have been investigated...

..We evaluated apoptosis in human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) incubated with progesterone, levonorgestrel (LNG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)...

..This study was undertaken to compare the colposcopic appearance of the cervicovaginal epithelium with spermicide use vs condom use in a low-risk population...

..The weekly change schedule of the transdermal contraceptive delivery system is associated with a significantly greater proportion of cycles in which there is perfect dosing compared to an OC...

..To evaluate symptoms and signs of genital irritation, vaginal leakage and acceptability of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which is being studied as a vaginal contraceptive and microbicide...

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..The contraceptive patch is uniformly easy to use across all ages...

..5%, 1.0% and 1.7%, administered as a 3.5-mL dose of a vaginal gel to prevent sperm from entering mid-cycle cervical mucus. Irritation of the genitalia and acceptability were also assessed...

..This trial assessed whether the new design reduced removal difficulties and had any effects on dislodgment, genital pain/discomfort, safety, and acceptability...

..These findings allow us to utilize the nonhuman primate as the most relevant model in the animal world for the study of human disease processes...

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..Progestins had less effects on TSP-1 mRNA compared to P, in Ishikawa cells, and this difference in TSP-1 expression by individual progestins may be associated with the irregular bleeding seen in women using progestin-only contraception...

..To compare the effects of the contraceptive patch to oral contraceptives (OCs) on follicular size and incidence of ovulation in normal cycles and after dosing errors...

..The return to normal menstrual cycles and fertility was rapid after removal. CONCLUSIONS: Implanon is a safe, highly effective and rapidly reversible new method of contraception...

..To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a gel containing estradiol that is applied to the skin...

..Extending the duration of active hormonal treatment may reduce the frequency of intracyclic bleeding/spotting while maintaining efficacy and tolerability...

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..To assess the endometrial effects of bazedoxifene acetate in healthy postmenopausal women...

..The benefit-risk ratio for menopausal HT is favorable close to menopause but decreases with aging and with time since menopause in previously untreated women...

..Compare the efficacy and adverse effects of CDB-2914, a new progesterone receptor modulator, to levonorgestrel for emergency contraception...

..The objective of this study was to assess the gel's contraceptive effects, safety, and acceptability...

..If successful, DOX treatment could become an important adjuvant for treatment of this and possibly other inflammatory disorders effecting reproductive tract tissues. ..