Warren D Taylor

..Recent research demonstrates that specific polymorphisms may be associated with differences in hippocampal volumes in subjects with depression...

....

..Further research is needed to further characterize this disorder, particularly in regards to cognitive function and treatment implications...

..We hypothesized that smaller OFC volume would be associated with depression, greater hyperintense lesion volume and severity, and APOE epsilon4 or 5HTTLPR short allele carriers...

..These changes are thought to disrupt neural circuits involved in mood regulation, thus increasing the risk of developing depression...

..The authors examined the relationship between this polymorphism and depression in an elderly sample, hypothesizing that the Met66 allele would be associated with late-life depression...

..The authors examined the relationship between the BDNF gene and hippocampal volumes in depressed and nondepressed older individuals and its relationship with memory functions mediated by the hippocampus...

..This supports the idea that genetic variation in AGTR1 is associated with depression and differences in frontotemporal morphology...

..Because they are associated with age, they should increase in number and size over time. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal, volumetric MRI study of WMHs in depression...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural abnormalities in the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are associated with late-life depression...

..We hypothesized that remission would be associated with higher frontal anisotropy measures, and failure to remit with lower anisotropy...

..Further work is needed to determine the generalizability of this finding to the broader population, as well as its significance for clinical outcomes...

..Additionally, differences between subgroups of depressed populations, including those with MRI-defined vascular depression and those with late-onset compared with early-onset depression are not well described...

..To better describe these relationships, the authors examined how 1-year change in DTI measures are related to 1-year course of depression...

..Depression is common in the elderly population. Although numerous neuroimaging studies have examined depressed elders, there is limited research examining how amygdala volume may be related to depression...

..This study demonstrates one mechanism by which WMLs may disrupt frontostriatal circuits...

..Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of microstructural changes and bipolar symptoms and whether these changes are specific to bipolar disorder...

..We examined the relationship between 5HTTLPR genotype and volume of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain lesions...

..Our study confirmed the reduction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in elderly depressed subjects, especially in the gray matter. These regional abnormalities may be associated with psychopathological changes in late-life depression...

....

..We hypothesized that hyperintense lesions are associated with alterations in white matter structure beyond the visible lesion boundaries as assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

..Definitions of remission that are better associated with longer-term outcomes are needed...

..Deep white matter hyperintense lesions are associated with advanced age and late-life depression. The authors examined where age-related cerebral lesions occurred in elderly depressed and healthy control subjects...

..Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...

..5T brain MRI and genotyping. After controlling for demographics, Val158 allele homozygotes exhibited significantly smaller temporal lobe and hippocampal volumes, with a trend for smaller amygdala volumes...

..In this study we sought to examine the relationship between the uncinate fasciculus, a key fronto-temporal tract and resting state functional connectivity between the ventral prefrontal cortex ((PFC) and limbic and striatal areas...

..Mean change in lesion volume and mean percentage of change were determined between the two time points. Logistic regression models were used to examine the differential effects of age, sex, race, and self-reported medical morbidity...

..These findings may provide support to other reports of neurogenic effects of antidepressants and their relation to successful treatment for depressive symptoms...

..Future research should combine similar volumetric techniques with methods of identifying the location of lesions specific to late-life depression...

..It is only beginning to be utilized in psychiatric research. This article reviews the theory behind diffusion tensor imaging, its potential to map fiber tracts in the brain, and its recent use in psychiatric research...

..In contrast, elevated NAA and myo-inositol concentrations in the left medial temporal lobe could be associated with neuronal and glial cell changes in the amygdala...

..The objective of this study is to examine the association between self-reported functional disability in depressed older adults and two types of executive function processes, attentional set shifting and reversal learning...

..Further studies are needed to determine how smaller OFC volumes are related to other MRI abnormalities associated with depression and functional impairment...

..Subcortical ischemic depression affects clinical presentation, long-term outcomes, and response to antidepressant therapy, arguing that it is a valid diagnostic entity worth further study...

..Moreover, changes in these stress measures over time correlate with depression outcomes. 5-HTTLPR S carriers appear to be more susceptible to both the effects of enduring stress and the benefit of interval stress reduction...

..Large simple studies are urgently needed to address the unmet needs for data on safety and efficacy of antidepressants in this population...

..Neuroimaging may potentially be utilized at some point as a biomarker for late-life depression, thus helping with diagnosis and guiding treatment...

..The authors investigated the relationship of baseline depression severity and cognitive improvement with antidepressant treatment in depressed patients with mild cognitive impairment...

..These findings support the hypothesis that altered connectivity between brain regions contributes to the risk of depression...

..Geriatric depression could serve as a model for translational research integrating basic and clinical neuroscience approaches that would have implications for the study of other neuropsychiatric disorders...