S S Schiffman

..Methods for validation of health symptoms, presence of odor, and efficacy of odor management techniques are described as well...

..These findings suggest that the decline in sweetness intensity experienced over repeated exposure to a sweet stimulus could be reduced by the blending of sweeteners...

..If African Americans use sweet taste to compensate for feelings of stress, this compensation may also contribute to weight gain...

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..Most of these drugs when applied directly to the tongue also modified the taste intensity of other tastants (e.g., NaCl, citric acid)...

..e., neurons are not exclusively labeled for a particular sensation but cooperate with the others in the ensemble to encode taste quality...

..The improvements in salivary flow and secretory immunity by repeated taste and smell stimulation found here have clinical potential for treatment of immune deficiencies and dry mouth which frequently occur in elderly individuals...

..However, most ternary mixtures were synergistic (significantly greater than the average of the three self-mixtures) to some degree...

..Electrophysiological studies in gerbils also revealed taste decrements after a short adaptation to amitriptyline HCl...

..The main finding from this three-part study was that temperature, pH, and ions had little effect on perceived sweetness intensity. Even when significant differences were found in the temperature study, the effects were very small...

..This result was not due to use of medications by HIV-infected subjects because none of the subjects (neither HIV-infected nor control) were taking medications...

..These results are consistent with clinical findings that protease inhibitors produce taste complaints that can impact patient compliance...

..The mixture data suggest that Na-PMP is a selective competitive inhibitor of sweet taste. The finding that pre-treatment can produce enhancement may be due to sensitization of sweetener receptors by Na-PMP...

..To review the scientific literature on the alterations in the senses of taste and smell in the elderly, including causes, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment...

..These results indicate that both hypogeusia and dysgeusia may be induced by psychotropic medications...

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..The mechanism of taste effects is not fully known, but the results of this study suggest one route may be due to medications' effect on peripheral taste receptors...

..Clinical studies suggest that the addition of odors to foods to compensate for diminished chemosensory functioning is often helpful in increasing intake of nutrient-dense foods in older persons...

..This effect may be separate from one known genetic risk factor of AD, APOE, and supports that multiple genes are likely responsible for the disease and its associated memory and other neurocognitive symptoms...

..The study demonstrates that critical illness (e.g. coronary artery bypass surgery) can exacerbate sensory losses in an older cohort...

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..These results indicate that short-term exposure in an environmental chamber to malodorous emissions from a swine house at levels expected downwind can induce clinically important symptoms in healthy human volunteers...

..Findings support the hypothesized immunosuppressive effect of malodor on mucosal immunity and provide preliminary data useful in understanding health effects related to malodor from industrial hog farming operations...

..Odors can affect health and quality of life. Industrialized animal agriculture creates odorant compounds that are components of a mixture of agents that could trigger symptoms reported by neighbors of livestock operations...

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..Further, the study suggests that this reasoning difference generalizes to events outside the DD subjects' delusional realm and can be evoked in an experimental environment...

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