D J Madden

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..With continued improvements in spatial resolution and integration with functional brain imaging, DTI holds considerable promise, both for theories of cognitive aging and for translational application...

..Under more data-limited conditions (Experiment 3), an age-related decline in selective attention was evident, but the age difference was not attributable to capacity limitations as predicted by the perceptual load theory...

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..The authors conclude that under conditions that equate the physical structure of individual displays, top-down attentional guidance can be at least as effective for older adults as for younger adults...

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..These findings highlight the functional connectivity of frontoparietal activation as a potential source of age-related decline in executive control...

..A signal-detection model of the conjunction search data demonstrated that the age difference represented an age-related decline in target detectability...

..The data suggest that the attentional demands of this task are relatively greater for older adults and consequently lead to the recruitment of additional neural systems during task performance...

..The age-related slowing was more pronounced in response to target colour variation, suggesting that older adults place relatively greater emphasis on the top-down activation of target features...

..The results suggest that some forms of top-down attentional control are preserved as a function of adult age and may operate in a compensatory manner...

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..The concept of a generalized, age-related slowing was able to account for many aspects of the data, although the degree of relative improvement associated with distractor homogeneity was greater for young adults than for older adults...

..Older adults may place relatively greater emphasis on the attentional control of response regulation, in compensation for the age-related decline in visual processing efficiency...

..As predicted by the context-memory deficit hypothesis, there was no corresponding age-related decline in semantic drift rate...

..There were no age-related decrements in the allocation of visual attention...

..The authors conclude that, in this spatial-cuing paradigm, an age-related change is evident in sensory processing but not in attentional allocation...

..This result held even when the executive function scores were covaried for speed, demonstrating an independent, age-related effect of higher BP on executive function...

..Maintenance of regular aerobic exercise for an extended time interval is associated with greater cardiovascular benefits among older adults than has been reported previously...

..Furthermore, for both age groups, the distraction effect was manifested in a sustained manner across the reaction time distribution...

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..To initiate discovery science of brain function, the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project dataset is freely accessible at www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000/...

..We conclude that aging affects the neural mechanisms supporting word identification performance although behavioral measures of this ability are generally constant as a function of age...

..Taken together, the results help to clarify how age-related white matter decline impairs cognitive performance...

..The functional connectivity findings are consistent with a posterior-anterior shift with aging previously reported in several cognitive domains and linked to functional compensation...

..This result is the first demonstration that the integrity of specific white matter tracts is a mediator of age-related changes in cognitive performance...

..These findings indicate that the coactive processing of redundant visual dimensions is spared in healthy older adults and that for both groups, attention must be focused on both dimensions for coactivation to occur...

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..Results are consistent with age-related cognitive slowing, but also suggest a difference in strategy according to the availability of visual information...

..These findings suggest that white matter integrity in prefrontal regions is one mechanism underlying the relation between individual differences in perceptual speed and episodic retrieval...

..The developed FC analysis illustrates the value of identifying connectivity by combining structural, functional, and behavioral data...

..There are only a few studies, however, investigating potential mechanisms for the improvements in aerobic fitness. Our study suggests that greater aerobic fitness may be related to greater WM integrity in select brain regions...

..The authors conclude that the reduction in decision quality and associated changes in risk preferences commonly ascribed to aging are instead mediated by age-related changes in underlying cognitive capacities...

..These data are consistent with a theoretical framework in which there are age-related dissociations between peripheral and central processes across semantic and episodic memory...

..The authors suggest that older adults' ability to use top-down information during search to avoid or attend to cues may be resource-limited...

..This finding has important clinical implications because early Alzheimer's disease impairs both hippocampus and rhinal cortex...

..Younger adults showed the predicted results, but older adults did not. These results suggest that holistic central processes are maintained, but that older adults exhibited an analytic decrement..

..The findings will be relevant to the development of functional neuroimaging techniques that can aid in the diagnosis of significant and abnormal cognitive impairment. ..

..For each subject, the PET images will be registered to MRI. The project is designed to provide new data regarding the age-related changes in neural functioning that occur independently of the presence of significant disease. ..

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