W E Kraus

..However, the amount of exercise training required for optimal benefit is unknown. In a prospective, randomized study, we investigated the effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on lipoproteins...

..e., a qualitative phenotype) using linkage and association in the presence of linkage (APL; GENECARD) and logistic regression (CATHGEN and aortas)...

..A non-invasive blood test that could reliably assess obstructive CAD likelihood would have diagnostic utility...

..59, D1S1589/D1S518). The overlap of genetic screens in independent data sets provides evidence for the existence of a gene or genes for CAD in this region...

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..The study was conducted to determine if the capillary density of skeletal muscle is a potential contributor to exercise intolerance in class II-III chronic heart failure (CHF)...

..This ancillary study of PREMIER sought to determine the effects on insulin sensitivity of a comprehensive behavioral intervention for hypertension with and without the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern...

..KALRN and two other associated genes identified in this study (CDGAP and MYLK) belong to the Rho GTPase-signaling pathway. Our data suggest the importance of the KALRN gene and the Rho GTPase-signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CAD...

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..Importantly, a modest increase over the CDC/ACSM exercise recommendations resulted in significant decreases in visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat without changes in caloric intake...

..05 and capillaries/mm2 r= - 0.310, p<0.05). These data suggest muscle adaptations occur following both low and high exercise doses, but are only related to improved peak VO2 following high amount-high intensity training...

..Further functional studies involving a combination of risk alleles are warranted...

..This article addresses the Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing (HF-ACTION) gated SPECT imaging (gSPECT) substudy baseline results...

..Clinical predictive models leave gaps in our ability to stratify cardiovascular risk. High-throughput molecular profiling promises to improve risk classification...

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..Using baseline data from the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing) study, we examined this relationship...

..It remains unproven whether exercise training improves survival...

..A higher amount of vigorous exercise had greater and more widespread benefits. Finally, there was an indication that moderate-intensity may be better than vigorous-intensity exercise for improving MS...

..53% +/- 0.96; p < 0.001). In conclusion, PAD is associated with increased levels of apoptosis in the peripheral skeletal muscle. Further study is required to ascertain whether apoptosis plays a role in decreased functional capacity...

..Our objective was to determine if GL is related to hsCRP and other measures of CVD risk in a population of sedentary, overweight, dyslipidemic middle-aged women and men enrolled in an exercise intervention trial (STRRIDE)...

..To examine the relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and exercise capacity in a large contemporary cohort of patients with chronic heart failure...

..The FRESH START trial tested the efficacy of sequentially tailored versus standardized mailed materials on improving cancer survivors' diet and exercise behaviors...

..The study was undertaken to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition of patients with newly diagnosed and untreated, postsurgical primary malignant glioma...

..27). We report a novel finding of high heritabilities of metabolites in premature CAD, establishing a possible genetic basis for these profiles. These results have implications for understanding CAD pathophysiology and genetics...

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..Findings from previous studies of the effects of exercise training on patient-reported health status have been inconsistent...

..05) between the change in these variables. These findings suggest that, although enhanced capillary density is associated with training-induced improvements in submaximal performance in men, this relationship is different in women...

..There is no accurate way to predict in-stent restenosis, although risk factors for atherosclerosis overlap those for in-stent restenosis. Therefore, we evaluated atherosclerosis candidate genes for association with in-stent restenosis...

..Future studies should determine whether these adaptations in mRNA levels translate into changes in protein function...

..A feasibility study examining the effects of supervised aerobic exercise training on cardiopulmonary and quality of life (QOL) endpoints among postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was conducted...

..Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction both are important contributors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Exercise training improves insulin sensitivity, but its effects on beta-cell function are less well studied...

..These findings have implications for the relative utility of ET for improving insulin action in middle-aged men and women, particularly in the setting of differences in HRT use...

..Reducing IMAT through aerobic exercise may be functionally related to some improvements in atherogenic dyslipidemia in men...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise program without weight loss on lipoprotein profiles in women with PCOS...

..In contradiction to our hypothesis, despite significant alterations in body composition, exercise training produced limited cytokine responses...

..Guidelines recommend that exercise training be considered for medically stable outpatients with heart failure. Previous studies have not had adequate statistical power to measure the effects of exercise training on clinical outcomes...

..We examined associations between patient-reported measures of health-related quality of life and clinical indicators of disease severity in a large, heterogeneous sample of patients with heart failure...

..Moderate-intensity but not vigorous-intensity exercise resulted in sustained VLDL-triglyceride lowering. Thirty minutes per day of vigorous exercise, like jogging, has sustained beneficial effects on HDL metabolism...

..We examined two WC locations to determine which was more highly correlated with CVD risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MS)...

..To investigate the feasibility of longitudinal assessment of functional performance measures in newly diagnosed postsurgical malignant glioma patients...

..To ascertain accuracy of self-reported height, weight (and hence body mass index) in African American and white women and men older than 70 years of age...

..Obesity is a major health problem due, in part, to physical inactivity. The amount of activity needed to prevent weight gain is unknown...

..To understand relationships between exercise training-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and changes in circulating concentrations of metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory mediators...

..This article presents the design and implementation of this study...

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..Molecular tools may provide insight into cardiovascular risk. We assessed whether metabolites discriminate coronary artery disease (CAD) and predict risk of cardiovascular events...

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..These results demonstrate a role for hPPAR-alpha in regulating muscle lipid homeostasis...

..To determine whether circulating metabolic intermediates are related to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes...

..Within this homogenous population, there were distinct differences between gender and racial groups. Blacks and women had less atherogenic profiles than whites and men, which was not evident from the standard lipid panel...

..Decisions to use brief screening instruments should be based on available resources and tolerance for misclassification...

..These data provide initial areas of the human genome where further investigation may reveal susceptibility genes for early-onset CAD...

..46 to 66.48 + 21.11 microM; P <or= 0.01). These findings suggest that plasma NO(x) following GXT discriminate cardiovascular disease status, are related to regional endothelial function, and respond favorably to exercise training...

..This article reviews the available literature regarding the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of obesity and evaluates the adequacy of current national guidelines...

..There seems to be a critical minimal level of physical activity required to maintain metabolic health. A modest amount of exercise seems to prevent metabolic deterioration...

..Although increasing aerobic fitness by exercise training is advocated as part of a healthy lifestyle, studies examining the different effects of intensity and amount on peak consumption (V(O2)) remain sparse...

..Finally, favorable modulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle by exercise training may reduce a block for complete oxidation of fatty acids in muscle and thereby relieve a block to effective insulin signaling...

..Our objective was to determine if modulating fitness with exercise training imposes changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a mixed-sex population at risk for cardiovascular disease...

..In conclusion, the simultaneous expression pattern of 160 genes in whole blood correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease and mirrors expression changes in the atherosclerotic vascular wall...

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..We conclude that TNFR1 polymorphisms associate with aging-related CAD in humans, and TNFR1 contributes to aging-dependent atherosclerosis in mice...

..We conclude that NPY contributes to atherosclerosis pathogenesis...

..These observations were not reproduced in CHF women. This suggests that differences may exist in how skeletal muscle adapts to decreasing peak VO(2) in patients with CHF...

..Therefore, this model provides conditions wherein cellular differentiation and proliferation appear to be uncoupled...

..4 kPa) depending on the location of the cell surface tested. Cardiac and skeletal muscle exhibited nonlinear elastic behavior. These passive mechanical properties are generally consistent with the function of these different cell types...

..06). Our findings suggest the presence of etiologic heterogeneity in families with early-onset CAD, potentially due to differential effects of lipoprotein phenotypes. Candidate genes are under investigation...

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..We conclude that aerobic exercise training induces both local and systemic changes in fibrinolysis and vascular homeostasis that are probably protective against cardiovascular disease...

..We described and compared the effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle histochemistry in men and women with chronic heart failure...

..These data suggest that adiponectin is not a contributory factor to the exercise-related improvements in insulin sensitivity...

..This suggests that calcineurin may be activated by exercise in humans and does not exclude that calcineurin could play a role in PGC-1 transcription activation in human skeletal muscle...

..These biochemical adaptations complement existing molecular models for improved glucose tolerance with exercise intervention in prediabetic individuals...

..Total exercise duration should thus be considered when designing training programs with the intent of improving insulin action...

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..This study investigated the role of adrenergic receptor genetics on transplant-free survival in heart failure (HF)...

..CONCLUSIONS: Analyses such as these will have implications for stratifying populations for the statistical analysis of the genome scan and on the choice of covariates for the follow-up studies of the initial genome screen analysis...

..Although there are limited clinical data to support the use of exercise training as a means to reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure, current guidelines state that exercise is beneficial...

..Our results suggest that this culture model can be used to evaluate the effects of various mechanical and biochemical cues on muscle development under normal and pathological conditions...

..Together, our data suggest that NO modulates the mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle cells through the combined action of increased talin and vinculin levels and a decrease in calpain-mediated talin proteolysis...

..Major contributors to changes in the transverse elastic modulus during differentiation were actin and myosin...

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..Therefore, in multicenter trials, there is no need to perform >1 baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test...

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