Timothy M Block

..It is emphasized that only a selected set of biomarkers was considered; thus, this review is not comprehensive and not intended to review all candidate HCC biomarkers...

..Our results thus imply that the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha is collectively mediated by a panel of ISGs that disrupt multiple steps of the DENV and WNV life cycles...

..Our findings suggest that viperin represents a novel antiviral pathway that works together with other antiviral proteins, such as ISG20 and PKR, to mediate the IFN response against HCV infection...

..The possible mechanisms involved in the failure of d120 to induce apoptosis in neuronal-like NGF-differentiated PC12 cells are discussed...

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..The possible significance of varying cell type mediated repair of viral DNA to viral pathogenesis is discussed...

..In male Sprague-Dawley rats, compound 3l was well tolerated at a dose up to 200 mg/kg and displayed desirable PK profiles, with significantly improved bioavailability (F = 92 ± 4%)...

..The possible application of this family of compounds as antiviral agents, as microbicides and systemic virus neutralizing agents, is discussed...

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..This editing of the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide results in a new epitope, or "editope", with possible medical significance...

..Our findings thus reveal a novel antiviral mechanism of IFNs and provide a basis for a better understanding of HBV pathobiology...

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..Therefore, we conclude that although miR-122 is not absolutely required, it greatly enhances HCV replication in nonhepatic cells...

..The reason for the alteration in the glycosylation of anti-Gal IgG is currently unclear but may be related to the natural history of the disease and may be useful in the noninvasive detection of fibrosis and cirrhosis...

..The mechanisms by which changes in glycosylation are observed and their use as biomarkers of disease will be discussed...

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..In total, 19 proteins were found to be hyperfucosylated in cancer. The potential of these proteins as biomarkers of cancer is discussed...

..The possibility that the genome structure and replication compartment formation provide protection to the HSV-1 genome from degradation is discussed...

..0005), suggesting that inhibitory factors in serum/plasma may be more limiting than in urine. The use and practicality of urine as a source of circulating DNA for cancer detection are discussed...

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..However, a reliable method to quantify either mutant is not available, partly because the viral genome has polymorphisms in general and the precore mutations are complex...

..The potential of this technology for biomarker discovery and the implications of increased levels of GP73 in liver cancer are discussed...

..94. In conclusion, the altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins can act as potential biomarkers of primary HCC when used independently or in combination with other markers of HCC...

..Therefore, these compounds represent the best in their class and may offer realistic candidates for the development of antiviral therapeutics against human DENV infections...

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..The way in which these steps may influence the natural history of viral pathogenesis, as well as the effectiveness of interventions, receives special consideration...

..Our data suggest that IFN-alpha-induced antiviral program is able to discriminate host cellular DNA from episomal viral DNA and might represent a novel pathway of interferon mediate innate defense against DNA virus infections...

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..Our results thus provide a strong support for the development of CM-10-18 or its derivatives as antiviral agents to treat servere dengue virus infections...

..The concurrence of K-ras mutations detected in disease tissue and the corresponding urine specimen is significantly higher (P= 0.0015) when the samples were enriched in low-MW DNA...

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..These findings suggest a possibility by which HBV and HCV, two very different viruses, can share a common mechanism in provoking liver disease and cancer...

..Taken together, these results represent the first evidence that herpes simplex virus DNA is physically damaged as a function of long-term infection. Implications for viral reactivation and pathogenesis are discussed...

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..However, the exact role of these mutants in HBeAg seroconversion remains unclear, partly because the evolution of these mutant viruses before and after seroconversion has not been well studied...

..The detection of mVIM in urine was significantly associated with CRC compared with controls (P < 0.0001, by Fisher's exact test). A potential urine test for CRC screening using epigenetic markers is discussed...

..However, only a 56% concurrence was observed when the matched plasma specimens were tested from these 20 patients. These results suggest that urine might be a better resource for detecting K-ras mutation in circulating DNA...

..Thus PCR amplification coupled with the melting curve analyses provides a quick, simple, and highly sensitive tool for the detection of this HBV double mutation...

..The combination of siPCR and the SimpleProbe real-time PCR enabled mutant quantification in the presence of a 100,000-fold excess of the WT DNA...

..Collectively, our work sheds light on the mechanisms by which tetherin and IFITM3 restrict infection with rhabdoviruses and possibly other pathogenic viruses...

..The possibility of using this novel TP53 249T assay to develop a urine or blood test for HCC screening is discussed...

..Therefore, the secretion of HBeAg by HepAD38 cells could potentially serve as a convenient reporter for the high throughput screening of novel antiviral drugs targeting HBV cccDNA...

..Our results thus imply that pharmacological modulation of PRR signal transduction pathways in favor of the induction of a beneficial antiviral response can be a novel therapeutic strategy...

..To exploit this activity, we have developed a new class of smaller, orally available glycolipids that also induce the innate host defense pathway and have direct activity against HBV and hepatitis C virus...

..To our knowledge, this is the first report of OSM elevation being associated with liver disease...

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..These preliminary studies suggest that a proteomic methodology can be used for the identification of serum biomarkers for HCC and other liver disease...

..Our findings thus suggest that combination therapy of two broad-spectrum antiviral agents may provide a practically useful approach for the treatment of DENV infection...

..Thus, measuring SEAP secretion may be another method for evaluating glucosidase inhibition. In addition, this finding has important implications for the use of a SEAP reporter in screens of potential antiviral agents...

..The concept offers an explanation for the nearly unidirectional and rapid kinetics whereby HBV proteins form multimers and generate a surplus of viral structures that have not been thought to serve any useful structural purpose...

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..Previous work has associated SPIK and cancer development, indicating that this finding will help to open the doorway for further study on the mechanism of SPDCA and the role it may play in cancer development...

..However, the ability of mutant Sy2 to reactivate from trigeminal ganglia (TG) derived from latently infected mice was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus, as assayed in the mouse TG explant reactivation system...

..These compounds should be valuable for developing anti-WNV therapeutic drugs as well as research tools to study the mechanism of WNV replication...

..Collectively, these data suggest that ICP4 protein has an important role in mediating the endless formation of the HSV-1 genome upon infection and that this function can be provided in trans...

..Neomycin and paromomycin demonstrated weak antiviral activity at high concentrations. Finally, aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase activity of neomycin-resistant gene abolished antiviral activity of geneticin...

..The relevance to the virus life-cycle in neurones in vivo is discussed...

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..Viral functions may also play a more direct role in mediating oncogenesis. This review considers the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, using a viral perspective...

..The possibility that the source of the trans renal DNA is apoptotic cells, and the potential use of this finding for cancer detection and monitoring is discussed...

..This work suggests that the antiviral activity of the alkovirs requires an alkyl chain length of at least eight carbons but that the galactose-based head group can be modified with little or no loss in activity...

..The similarities and differences between this alkylated imino sugar and these other mediators are discussed...

..These findings indicate that de novo viral gene synthesis mediates changes to the host NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, which results in prevention of detachment...

..The results of this antiviral survey and the implications for the mechanism of action and ultimate therapeutic potential of the DNJ-based imino sugars is provided and discussed...

..Analysis of a third line containing an inducible viral genome implicated viral pregenomic RNA in apolipoprotein mRNA reduction. We conclude that HBV alters infected cells despite the absence of overt cytopathogenicity...

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..These data are consistent with an interpretation that glucosidase inhibitors and IFN have a synergistic antiviral effect in tissue culture. The relevance of these finding to treatment of HCV infection is discussed...

..Golgi protein-73 (GP73) is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to determine if GP73 is detected in the serum, and to establish the sensitivity and specificity of serum GP73 for diagnosing HCC...

..In conclusion, SELDI-TOF MS serum profiling is able to distinguish HCC from liver disease before cirrhosis as well as cirrhosis, especially in patients with HCV infection compared with other etiologies...

..The implications of the prolonged antiviral effect against HBV and the use of glucosidase inhibitors as antiviral agents are discussed...

..An observed selectivity for this HCV model over hepatitis B virus and remarkably low toxicity suggest a novel mode of action...

..We hypothesized that HIV promotes liver disease by enhancing microbial translocation...