LEONARD JASON

..Ultimately, this approach can result in significant scientific and policy gains, and changes in medical and public perception of an illness...

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..Implications of these findings are discussed...

..To assess the effectiveness of community-based supports in promoting abstinence from substance use and related problems...

..The empiric criteria identified about 79% of patients with CFS and the Canadian criteria identified 87% of patients. Items identified by the Canadian criteria had more construct validity. The implications of these findings are discussed...

..There is a need to better understand how youth access to tobacco community-based interventions can be maintained...

..This review suggests that there is a need for greater diagnostic clarity, and this might be accomplished by subgroups that integrate multiple variables including those in cognitive, emotional, and biological domains...

..Physical measures of disability and fatigue, along with measures of specific somatic symptoms, better differentiate individuals who later are diagnosed with CFS than more psychosocial measures such as stress and coping...

..There is a need for natural history chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) studies from random, community-based, multi-ethnic populations...

..At the 24-month follow-up, those in the Oxford House condition compared with the usual-care condition had significantly lower substance use, significantly higher monthly income, and significantly lower incarceration rates...

..This article reviews the ongoing debate behind these types of public health efforts, and examines the evidence of such programs to reduce youth tobacco use...

..In contrast, public smoking among youth in the control sites was not affected. The significance of reducing number of youth smoking in public through tobacco possession laws is discussed...

..8 and 39.3 years, respectively, which is considerably younger than those who died from cancer and suicide in the general population. The implications of these findings are discussed...

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..Other illnesses that are less prevalent, such as multiple sclerosis and Lyme disease, were more frequently represented in medical text books. These findings suggest that the topic ofCFS is underreported in published medical text books...

..Researchers have struggled to better assess and understand the etiology and classification of fatigue within different illness groups...

..These results suggest that fatigue patterns of individuals with ME/CFS are heterogeneous, and that patients may be classified into meaningful subgroups...

..Findings indicate that patients with CFS from tertiary care settings have a higher frequency of symptoms than those in the general population who have CFS...

..The implications of these findings are discussed...

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..This study sought to empirically identify the most appropriate SF-36 subscales for measuring substantial reductions in patients with CFS...

..Findings indicate that the Pediatric Case Definition for ME/CFS can distinguish between those with this illness and controls, and between those with Severe versus Moderate manifestations of the illness...

..The energy envelope postulates that patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) will improve functioning when maintaining expended energy levels at the same level as available energy level...

..Assuming those who attrited were smokers, it is possible that about 15% to 24% of the original sample of children cited actually quit smoking over the follow-up period. The implications of these findings are discussed...

..The findings suggest that PUP law enforcement might be used to strengthen community norms against youth tobacco use...

..The overall results provide support for a strategy health care professionals can use when working with clients with ME/CFS...

..To explore the roles of chronic fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics (eg, parental status, work status, socioeconomic status, sex, age, marital status, and ethnicity) as predictors of psychiatric disorders...

..These findings suggest that a high level of psychiatric severity is not an impediment to residing in self-run, self-help settings such as Oxford House among persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders...

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..The present study found that adolescents in the control group had a significantly greater increase in the percentage of youth who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day when compared to the experimental group...

..School tobacco policies represent a type of universal intervention that might have some promise for preventing or reducing tobacco use...

..However, since Oxford Houses are self-supporting, Oxford Houses designed for the Deaf community may face unique economic challenges...

..Results indicated that general support from friends and length of stay in Oxford House significantly predicted less alcohol use. Implications for alcohol recovery are discussed...

..However, methodological limitations and lack of research in the area of ethnicity limited some of the conclusions that can be made. Suggestions for further research are discussed...

..There is a need for more epidemiologic studies on the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of CFS in developing countries...

..However, because of psychometric limitations and varied adaptations of the IP, the following study performed factor analyses to develop a more structurally consistent model of the scaleas compared to the existing model...

..New developments in the conceptualization and measurement of acculturation will lead to a greater understanding of the role of culture in the prevalence and treatment of substance-related problems...

..These findings suggest that individuals with longer or shorter duration of the illness have differences in coping styles but not differences in physical impairment or symptom severity...

..This effect did not differ between mothers and non-mothers, suggesting that non-mothers might view the children in the home with a sense of responsibility and sensitivity comparable to that of the mothers. Implications are discussed...

..However, family members are well represented in the support networks of African Americans in OH...

..Overall, findings suggest that optimism and abstinence self-efficacy are effective personal resources for recovering substance abusers in 12-step programs...

..Those diagnosed with CFS were subclassified based on frequency of symptoms. Important differences emerged on measures of sociodemographics and disability. The implications of these findings and others are discussed...

..Physicians' psychiatric diagnosis and participants' self-reported psychiatric diagnoses were compared to lifetime psychiatric diagnoses as measured by a structured psychiatric interview...

..Overall, findings suggest that cognitive resources facilitate substance abusers' recovery and that the Oxford House model might provide high levels of support in their ongoing abstinence...

..The results of this study highlight the heterogeneity of Latinas/os who abuse substances...

..Implications of this study suggest that substance abusers with psychiatric comorbidity are heterogeneous groups that benefit from living in an Oxford House...

..Therefore, healthcare professionals should find ways to reduce patient use of denial and promote alternative strategies for managing life events...

..Implications for treatment and future research are discussed...

..Examining individual, social, and environmental factors simultaneously provides a clearer and more accurate model of these complex ecological influences...

..These findings suggest that an assessment of perceived available and expended energy could help guide the development of individualized nonpharmacological interventions for people with ME/CFS...

..Among individuals with chronic fatigue, PTSD and other anxiety disorders appear to demonstrate the strongest association with abuse history. The implications of these findings are discussed...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the factor structure of participants' symptoms in a random community sample of individuals with chronic fatigue...

..Higher-SES participants were more likely to cite stress and overwork as causing their fatigue. Latinos reported more physical symptoms than African Americans and Whites. The implications of these results are discussed...

..Results imply that Australian Oxford Houses are "safe and sober" settings for persons in recovery consistent with the original United States model in physical dwelling settings...

..In this study, specialty of medical trainee also played a role in how the illness was perceived...

..Societal costs associated with the Oxford House program were relatively low, whereas estimated costs associated with inpatient and incarceration history were high. The implications of these findings are discussed...

..Results of this study have important treatment implications for our understanding of social support and self-efficacy within ongoing recovery...

..Findings suggest that language spoken in Latino populations is important in predicting fatigue, and point to the potential importance of cultural factors such as acculturation or acculturative stresses...

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..These findings support the presence of HPA axis dysregulation in elderly individuals with CFS...

..The implications of these findings are discussed...

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..Results suggested that residents of self-governed independently operated recovery houses may create and maintain safe and sober settings that elicit a sense of home among residents...

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..Results imply that there is a need to better understand how citizen members of community organizations are affected by their involvement in the research process...

..However, information regarding the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has not been comprehensively or systematically covered in these reviews, despite its frequent use in the patient community...

..Results suggest that a more medical sounding term (CNDS) may lead to attributions that this syndrome is a more serious, disabling illness. The policy implications of these findings are discussed...

..Results suggest patients endorse BDI-II somatic items that overlap with CFS symptoms at a high rate. Factor scores should be evaluated separately, or the BDI-PC should be utilized with this population...

..OBJEctive: To determine whether youths who have smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days perceive themselves as smokers...

..These findings suggest that it might be inappropriate to synthesize results from studies of this illness that use different definitions to select study populations...

..Difficulties with accurate case ascertainment contribute to this ignorance...

..Results of the present study suggest that these three methods hold promise for improving the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the diagnostic criteria for CFS...

..We highlight a number of practical and theoretical issues that have been raised as we have strived to maintain a mutually beneficial alliance throughout the research endeavor...

..Findings suggest that the process of gaining self-efficacy to remain abstinent is distinct for women and men, and that social support plays a different role in women's recovery than it does in men's...

..With respect to ethnicity, African-Americans reported greater gains and losses in resources than European-Americans. Individuals with less time in an OH also reported having experienced more losses in the past 3 months...

..Children were the sole relationship type that affected both substance use and recovery attempts in a positive nature, suggesting that children may have a beneficial impact on reducing...

..Potential implications for misuse of medical services (e.g., to obtain pharmaceutical drugs of use) and federal medical care expenditure allocation are discussed...

..The implications of these findings in relation to the scarcity of recovery options for women are discussed...

..The implications of the findings and how they may be useful to women's and mothers' with children houses are discussed...

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..Implications for how researchers can obtain a high parent consent form return rate are discussed...

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..This study would be the first longitudinal evaluation of Oxford Houses, and it would provide important information on the nature and role of the Oxford House experience on long-term sobriety among recovering alcoholics. ..

..If these predicted findings do emerge, they will have an important influence on the ways in which public policy officials and community members consider interventions directed at lowering rates of smoking among their youth. ..

..e., abstinence status, reduction in symptoms, and quantity of use); and, 2) to examine whether changes in the degree of abstinence support received, moderated by social investment, promote these increases in self-efficacy. ..

..e., substance use, criminal and health outcomes), and economic factors associated with these models. Research findings from a study that contrasts these different approaches has the potential of influencing practice and informing policy. ..

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..An experimental design will analyze whether English-language dominant Hispanics with higher vs. lower American acculturation will have better outcomes in Traditional Oxford House aftercare. ..

..substance use, criminal and health outcomes), and economic factors associated with these models. Research findings from a study that contrasts these different approaches has the potential of influencing practice and informing policy. ..