T W McAllister

..Anticonvulsant, antidepressant or other drugs may also be needed in some cases. Medication approaches must be adjusted for the particular characteristics and vulnerabilities of the patient with a TBI...

..To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season negatively affects cognitive performance in collegiate contact sport athletes...

..Polymorphisms in BDNF influence cognitive performance shortly after mTBI. The results raise the possibility that a functional polymorphism other than rs6265 may contribute to memory function after mTBI...

..On guanfacine the MTBI group showed increased activation within a WM task-specific region of interest. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in WM after MTBI may be improved with the alpha-2 agonist guanfacine...

..80, p = 0.006) but change in FA did not (ρ = 0.18, p = 0.62). These results provide preliminary confirmation that model-predicted strain and strain rate in the CC correlate with changes in indices of white matter integrity...

..Emerging theories about the role of selected genetic polymorphisms in heightening the vulnerability to chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline will be described...

..The authors tested the hypothesis that the dopamine D2 receptor T allele (formerly described as the A1 allele) would be associated with poorer performance on memory and attention tasks following mild traumatic brain injury...

..We review the evidence from fMRI and neurogenetic studies that support the role of catecholaminergic dysregulation in the etiology of WM complaints and deficits after mild and moderate TBI...

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..General principles are suggested and particular attention is directed to situations where the use of medication for one condition might exacerbate symptoms of the other disorder. Directions for future research are suggested...

..This paper reviews our current understanding of the neuropathophysiology of TBI and how this relates to the common clinical presentation of neurobehavioral difficulties seen after an injury...

..This paper reviews the literature on the neural substrate of biomechanical and psychological injury and discusses the implications for evaluation and treatment of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of these processes...

..Polymorphisms reported to influence outcome after traumatic brain injury that illustrate important underlying mechanisms are emphasized...

..On bromocriptine, the MTBI group showed increased activation outside of a task-specific region of interest. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with MTBI have altered responsivity to dopamine...

..Current knowledge gaps and research needs are identified...

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..It is, therefore, important to be aware of the advantages and limitations of the various available imaging modalities. This paper selectively reviews the pertinent literature on the structural and functional imaging in mild TBI...

..Catecholaminergic systems, particularly the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, are key modulators of motivated behaviors. Treatment thus involves the use of catecholaminergic agents...

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..To assess patterns of regional brain activation in response to varying working memory loads shortly after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)...

..This suggests that injury-related changes in ability to activate or modulate WM processing resources might underlie some of the memory complaints after MTBI...

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..Although several neuropsychological studies have supported the notion of frontal and parietal lobe involvement in unawareness of illness in schizophrenia, neuroanatomic differences have not been examined...

..The present findings indicate that schizophrenia is associated with slowed information processing, but do not support the hypothesis that apathy in schizophrenia is associated with abnormal processing of novelty...

..To determine whether cognitively intact adults with the APOE epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype show reduced gray matter density on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) vs those homozygous for the epsilon3 allele...

..Significant inverse correlations were seen between unawareness and bilateral middle frontal gyrus volume and between symptom misattribution and superior frontal gyrus volume...

..Future research will address integrating fMRI with other emerging neuroimaging techniques...

..Apathy is a common negative symptom in schizophrenia. The authors investigated neuropsychological performance and regional brain volumes in schizophrenia patients with high versus low levels of apathy...

..Community-based models of support with neuropsychiatric intervention can be a potent therapeutic combination in the management of challenging behaviors in individuals with ID...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether brain activation patterns associated with working memory differ as a function of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in cognitively intact adults...

..In the interim, careful evaluation of possible psychosocial and biological contributors to apathy in any given patient is suggested, with treatment planning based accordingly...

..Finally, a review of the literature studying lack of awareness in TBI, its relationship to injury severity, the impact of lack of awareness on outcome, and intervention approaches is presented...

..CSP, while prevalent, was not more frequent in our sample of patients with schizophrenia, and had few associations with symptom severity or neuropsychological deficits...

..This article discusses the clinical approach to treating an individual with depression and cognitive complaints following mild TBI. Recommendations regarding the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of these problems are offered...

..The results are consistent with polygenic influences on early neurodegenerative changes and demonstrate the effectiveness of hierarchical clustering in identifying genetic associations among multiple related phenotypic endpoints...

..Performance-based scores showed few correlations with OCS. Findings indicate that severity of nonclinical OCS subtypes contributes to the heterogeneity of executive functions in schizophrenia...

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..The material presented in this monograph will help clinicians better recognize, diagnose, and treat PBA, and will form a foundation for understanding and interpreting future studies of this condition...

..The patient group and the healthy comparison group did not differ in their use of self-deception. The current results do not support the psychological denial theory of unawareness of illness in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders...

..Surgical resection of seizure foci may lead to psychiatric improvement for some individuals, but can also have psychiatric complications...

..This approach simulates the effects of age- or disease-related neuroreceptor or neuronal loss by temporarily blocking pre- and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors...

..There is a clear need for well-designed randomized controlled trials in the treatment of these common problems after TBI in order to establish definitive treatment standards for this patient population...

..Impact parameters will be directly measured using helmet-based accelerometer units. ..

..Further, it will help to clarify underlying neural mechanisms and suggest additional treatment possibilities. ..

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..Impact parameters will be directly measured using helmet-based accelerometer units. ..

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..Performance and fMRI visualized activation of WM circuitry will be characterized at baseline (on placebo) and following administration of a dopamine agonist. ..

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..Further, it will help to clarify underlying neural mechanisms and suggest additional treatment possibilities. ..