Research Topics
| Howard HowlandSummaryAffiliation: Cornell University Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Normal values and standard deviations for pupil diameter and interpupillary distance in subjects aged 1 month to 19 yearsColleen MacLachlan
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 22:175-82. 2002..The normal values and S.D. for both pupil size and PD determined in this study have important clinical implications as well as applications in the optical industry...- Corneal curvatures and refractions of central American frogsH C Howland
Division of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Vision Res 37:169-74. 1997..270 +/- 0.032; other vertebrates: 0.151 +/- 0.004). Among the anurans examined, nocturnal Hylids had significantly larger eyes than diurnal Dendrobatid frogs and Bufonid toads... - Allometry and scaling of wave aberration of eyesHoward C Howland
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, W 201, Seeley G Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Vision Res 45:1091-3. 2005..This implies that, if wave aberration is measured in a growing eye with a constant measurement pupil size, the measured RMS will decrease by the factor 1/k(n-1)... - The allometry and scaling of the size of vertebrate eyesHoward C Howland
Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, W 201 Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Vision Res 44:2043-65. 2004..The axial length of the eye is largest in birds and primates, smaller in other mammals (especially rodents) and reptiles, and widely varying in fishes... 
Photorefraction of eyes: history and future prospectsHoward C Howland
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Optom Vis Sci 86:603-6. 2009..This has been greatly helped by the parallel development of computer and digital camera technology. It seems likely that photorefractive methods will continue to be refined and may eventually become ubiquitous in clinical practice...- High order wave aberration of eyesHoward C Howland
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 22:434-9. 2002..918 +/- 0.048 SE + 3.023 +/- 0.111 x log (pupil radius) (mm), with R2 = 0.971... - The effects of constant and diurnal illumination of the pineal gland and the eyes on ocular growth in chicksTong Li
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:3692-7. 2003..To investigate the effects of constant or 12-hour cyclic illumination of the pineal gland and the eyes on the growth of the chick eye... - Role of the pineal gland in ocular development of the chick in normal and constant light conditionsTong Li
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:5132-6. 2006..To evaluate the role of the pineal gland in development of the chick eye in normal and constant light (CL) conditions... - Compensation of corneal horizontal/vertical astigmatism, lateral coma, and spherical aberration by internal optics of the eyeJennifer E Kelly
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
J Vis 4:262-71. 2004..Lateral coma shows individually scaled compensation, some of which may be attributable to eccentricity of the fovea... - Accommodative state of young adults using reading spectaclesJennifer A Shapiro
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, W-201 Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Vision Res 45:233-45. 2005..The over-accommodation of subjects using reading spectacles while they are performing visual tasks shows the necessity of measurement if their true accommodative posture is to be determined... - Growth of the cornea from infancy to adolescenceAriel Ronneburger
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 26:80-7. 2006..095 S.E.) + 0.0305 (+/-0.014) x Age (years). From a comparison of data from earlier literature and our own measurements, we conclude that, after birth, the fastest growth of the cornea must occur during the first few months of life... - Changes in the refractive state during prey capture under low light in the nocturnal cardinalfish Apogon annularisRoi Holzman
The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P O Box 469, 88103 Eilat, Israel
Vision Res 46:2094-101. 2006..We conclude that nocturnal vision in A. annularis is sufficiently sensitive to allow accommodation during prey capture... - Measurement of refractive state and deprivation myopia in two strains of miceFrank Schaeffel
University Eye Hospital, Section for Neurobiology of the Eye, Tuebingen, Germany
Optom Vis Sci 81:99-110. 2004..We have investigated how precisely eyes of mice can be refracted and tested whether deprivation myopia can be induced by frosted diffusers... - Corneal power and underwater accommodation in great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)Gadi Katzir
Department of Biology, University of Haifa, Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
J Exp Biol 206:833-41. 2003..These results support previously reported capacities of lenticular changes in amphibious birds yet do not fully correspond with earlier reports in terms of the coupling of iris constriction with accommodation, and time course...
Research Grants
- REFRACTIVE STUDIES OF EYESHoward Howland; Fiscal Year: 1980..A major question which the study will attempt to answer is whether early infant astigmatism is primarily corneal or lenticular in nature...
- REFRACTIVE STUDIES OF EYESHoward Howland; Fiscal Year: 1993..We will also investigate the mechanics of accommodation in chickens, looking at the mechanical and refractive behavior of excised eyes and the mechanical properties of strips of cornea...
- NEURAL AND HORMONAL PATHWAYS IN OCULAR DEVELOPMENTHoward Howland; Fiscal Year: 2003..Behavioral, surgical, biochemical, histological, and mathematical methods will be employed to answer these questions. ..