Research Topics
| Carolyn L WesthoffSummaryAffiliation: Columbia University Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
| Collaborators
|
Detail Information
Publications
Quick start: novel oral contraceptive initiation methodCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Contraception 66:141-5. 2002..8, 95% C.I. 1.1-7.3). Other factors associated with short-term continuation were: partner's knowledge of planned OC use, older age, and participant's agreement that she would be very unhappy about becoming pregnant in the next 6 months...- Quality of life following early medical or surgical abortionCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 67:41-7. 2003..Women choosing medical or surgical abortion report very similar quality of life improvements... - Changes in weight with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injection 104 mg/0.65 mLCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
Contraception 75:261-7. 2007..The study was conducted to assess the impact of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injection 104 mg/0.65 mL (DMPA-SC 104) on body weight... 
Using changes in binding globulins to assess oral contraceptive complianceCarolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Electronic address
Contraception 87:176-81. 2013..This analysis evaluated the usefulness of measuring increases in corticosteroid-, sex-hormone- and thyroxine-binding globulins (CBG, SHBG and TBG, respectively) as measures of OCP compliance...
Predictors of noncompliance in an oral contraceptive clinical trialCarolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 85:465-9. 2012..This analysis was conducted to identify the participant characteristics associated with noncompliance in an oral contraceptive (OC) clinical trial...- Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol: a randomized controlled trialCarolyn Westhoff
Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Obstet Gynecol 119:989-99. 2012..To estimate the efficacy, cycle control, tolerability, and safety of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol (E2) in comparison with drospirenone and ethinyl E2... - Oral contraceptive discontinuation: do side effects matter?Carolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center New York Presbyterian Hospital, and The Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:412.e1-6; discussion 412.e6-7. 2007..The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported side effects in women after they received the oral contraceptive (OC) and to compare discontinuation rates, according to presence or absence of side effects... - Ovarian suppression in normal-weight and obese women during oral contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trialCarolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
Obstet Gynecol 116:275-83. 2010..To assess ovarian suppression during oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use among normal-weight and obese women using two OCP doses... - IUDs and colonization or infection with ActinomycesCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 75:S48-50. 2007..In the absence of symptoms, women with Actinomyces-like organisms on a Pap test do not need antimicrobial treatment or IUD removal... - Smoking and oral contraceptive continuationCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 79:375-8. 2009..Smoking may be related to early discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC)... - Pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive in obese and normal-weight womenCarolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 81:474-80. 2010..This study was conducted to compare oral contraceptive (OC) pharmacokinetics (PK) in normal-weight [body mass index (BMI) 19.0-24.9] and obese (BMI 30.0-39.9) women... - Do new guidelines and technology make the routine pelvic examination obsolete?Carolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Womens Health (Larchmt) 20:5-10. 2011..Overuse of the pelvic examination contributes to high healthcare costs without any compensatory health benefit... - Bleeding patterns after immediate initiation of an oral compared with a vaginal hormonal contraceptiveCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Obstet Gynecol 106:89-96. 2005.... - Bleeding patterns after immediate vs. conventional oral contraceptive initiation: a randomized, controlled trialCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
Fertil Steril 79:322-9. 2003..To compare bleeding patterns after immediate vs. conventional oral contraceptive (OC) initiation... - Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (Depo-Provera): a highly effective contraceptive option with proven long-term safetyCarolyn Westhoff
School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 68:75-87. 2003..Common patient management issues, including effects on menstrual cycle, body weight and mood, are also addressed. Finally, this review provides recommendations for appropriate patient selection... - Clinical practice. Emergency contraceptionCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
N Engl J Med 349:1830-5. 2003 - Analgesia during at-home use of misoprostol as part of a medical abortion regimenC Westhoffa
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 St, New York, NY, USA
Contraception 62:311-4. 2000..Use of narcotic analgesics in these women undergoing medical abortion at home was more prevalent than use reported in previous studies where women underwent medical abortion in a clinical setting... - Predictors of ovarian follicle numberC Westhoff
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Fertil Steril 74:624-8. 2000..To identify factors associated with ovarian follicle density in women of reproductive age... - Oral contraceptive and benign ovarian tumorsC Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and School of Public Health, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Epidemiol 152:242-6. 2000..The risk reduction also was greater for women who had used OC for more than 24 months. Protection against benign ovarian tumors may be an additional noncontraceptive benefit of OC use... - Tubal sterilization: focus on the U.S. experienceC Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Fertil Steril 73:913-22. 2000..Failures, although uncommon, occur at higher rates than previously appreciated. Evidence for hormonal or menstrual changes due to TS is weak. Tubal sterilization is associated with decreased risk of ovarian cancer... - Pharmacokinetics and ovarian suppression during use of a contraceptive vaginal ring in normal-weight and obese womenCarolyn L Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 207:39.e1-6. 2012..Limited data indicate higher failure rates among obese contraceptive patch users. Data regarding contraceptive vaginal ring performance in obese women are needed... - Carbamazepine coadministration with an oral contraceptive: effects on steroid pharmacokinetics, ovulation, and bleedingAnne R Davis
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
Epilepsia 52:243-7. 2011..We sought to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of CBZ on breakthrough bleeding and ovulation during oral contraceptive (OC) use... - Matched-pairs analysis of ovarian suppression during oral vs. vaginal hormonal contraceptive useKelsey A Petrie
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 84:e1-4. 2011..This study was conducted to compare ovarian suppression during oral vs. vaginal hormonal contraceptive use. Secondary aims included comparison of endometrial thickness and bleeding patterns... - Oral contraceptives for dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls: a randomized trialAnne Rachel Davis
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
Obstet Gynecol 106:97-104. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents, a low-dose oral contraceptive relieved dysmenorrhea-associated pain more effectively than placebo. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I... - Vaginal estrogen supplementation during Depo-Provera initiation: a randomized controlled trialAngela Dempsey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Contraception 82:250-5. 2010..Irregular bleeding is often cited as the reason for discontinuation of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) after the first injection. Estrogen supplementation during DMPA initiation may decrease bleeding and improve continuation... - The acceptability of a self-lavaging device compared to pelvic examination for cervical cancer screening among low-income womenHeidi E Jones
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
J Womens Health (Larchmt) 21:1275-81. 2012.... - Contraceptive vaginal ring effectiveness is maintained during 6 weeks of use: a prospective study of normal BMI and obese womenMonica Dragoman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Contraception 87:432-6. 2013..This study is intended to confirm those results and to evaluate prolonged CVR use up to 42 days in both normal BMI and obese women... - Hormone levels before and after tubal sterilizationGwen P Gentile
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York-Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Contraception 73:507-11. 2006..CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant hormonal changes in sterilized women over a period of 2 years when compared with their baseline levels or when compared with unsterilized age-matched controls... - Does St. John's wort interfere with the antiandrogenic effect of oral contraceptive pills?Robin H Fogle
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Women s and Children s Hospital, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Contraception 74:245-8. 2006..We investigated whether the simultaneous use of SJW with OCPs resulted in elevated serum androgen levels with implications of impaired OCP treatment of hirsutism and acne... - Comparison of serum markers for thrombophilia and autoimmune disease in reproductive age women with and without false positive rapid plasma reagin testsYael Swica
Gynuity Health Projects and Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Am J Reprod Immunol 62:73-7. 2009..Our objective was to assess the relationship between the false positive RPR and several established clinical and biological markers for thrombophilia and/or autoimmune disease... - Self pregnancy testing in an urban family planning clinic: promising results for a new approach to contraceptive follow-upChristopher M Estes
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 77:40-3. 2008..If women can perform home pregnancy tests (HPTs) to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine, the need for this follow-up visit may be eliminated. This study assesses whether women can perform their own HPT... - Contraception for the transplant patientChristopher M Estes
Division of Preventive and Ambulatory Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Semin Perinatol 31:372-7. 2007..Consultation with a gynecologist experienced with the provision of contraceptives to medically complicated patients is advised for all women of reproductive age who have received an organ transplant... - A 6-year experience with Pap smears in an urban adolescent practice: the scope and burden of abnormalitiesKaren Soren
Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 22:217-22. 2009..To determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia and adherence to recommendations for referral/follow-up in a group of adolescent girls undergoing routine reproductive health care in a primary care setting... - Prior pill experiences and current continuation among pill restartersDebra Kalmuss
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
Perspect Sex Reprod Health 40:138-43. 2008..Discontinuation of oral contraceptives often puts women at risk for unintended pregnancies. Understanding why a woman discontinued pill use can provide insight into her risk of discontinuation if she restarts use... - Predictors of acceptability of medication abortionStephanie B Teal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
Contraception 75:224-9. 2007..We evaluated the sociodemographic and clinical factors, including expectations, associated with satisfaction with medication abortion... - Measured and reported weight change for women using a vaginal contraceptive ring vs. a low-dose oral contraceptiveKatharine J O'Connell
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 72:323-7. 2005..We examined the difference between women's reported and measured baseline weights and looked at factors affecting perceived weight change... - Partner influence on early discontinuation of the pill in a predominantly Hispanic populationJennifer Kerns
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, USA
Perspect Sex Reprod Health 35:256-60. 2003..Although studies have examined U.S. pill users' patterns of discontinuation, little is known about pill discontinuation, and the effects of partner influence, among Hispanics... - Bleeding patterns after misoprostol vs surgical treatment of early pregnancy failure: results from a randomized trialAnne R Davis
Columbia University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 622 West 168th St, PH 16 Room 80, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:31.e1-7. 2007..The purpose of this study was to describe bleeding patterns after misoprostol or curettage for early pregnancy failure (EPF)... - Depo Now: preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents and young adultsVaughn I Rickert
Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
J Adolesc Health 40:22-8. 2007..We examined whether Depo Now, as compared to initiating with a bridge method (pills, transdermal patch, or vaginal ring), resulted in greater DMPA continuation at six months... - Self-treatment patterns among adolescent girls with dysmenorrheaKatharine O'Connell
Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York 10032, USA
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 19:285-9. 2006..To describe both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments used by adolescents with dysmenorrhea... - Music as an auxiliary analgesic during first trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trialJacqueline M Guerrero
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
Contraception 86:157-62. 2012..Music has served as an auxiliary analgesic in perioperative settings. This study evaluates the impact of intraoperative music added to routine pain control measures during first trimester surgical abortion... - Body weight does not impact pregnancy rates during use of a low-dose extended-regimen 91-day oral contraceptiveCarolyn L Westhoff
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 85:235-9. 2012..This study evaluated the impact of weight on efficacy during use of an extended oral contraceptive (OC)... - Challenges of conducting a placebo-controlled trial for dysmenorrhea in adolescentsAnne R Davis
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
J Adolesc Health 39:607-9. 2006..Treatment discontinuation (11%) and loss to follow-up (1%) were lower than expected. The most common reason for nonenrollment was logistical issues (63%). Most participants remained abstinent... - Predicting oral contraceptive continuation using the transtheoretical model of health behavior changeAngela R Dempsey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
Perspect Sex Reprod Health 43:23-9. 2011..Improved continuation of oral contraceptive use may decrease the incidence of unintended pregnancy. Therefore, identifying predictors of continuation is important to informing targeted interventions... - Effectiveness and safety of digoxin to induce fetal demise prior to second-trimester abortionMichael Molaei
Parkmed Clinic, Inc, New York, NY 10017, USA
Contraception 77:223-5. 2008..The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness in inducing fetal demise through digoxin injection given 1 day prior to second-trimester pregnancy termination and to evaluate related maternal safety... - Review of the vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing)Noa a Shimoni
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 34:247-50. 2008..Women may find that trying to insert the ring in the clinic will allay any concerns they have with regard to insertion and removal... - A prospective study of immediate initiation of depo medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive injectionRodlescia Sneed
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 71:99-103. 2005..Factors associated with returning for repeat injection included satisfaction with DMPA, older age and finding it easy to return for the follow-up pregnancy test visit... - Bone mineral density and DMPACarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Reprod Med 47:795-9. 2002..In a risk:benefit evaluation, it is appropriate to consider any relationship between DMPA and changes in bone mineral density in the context of its established efficacy in pregnancy prevention... - Structured contraceptive counseling--a randomized controlled trialAileen M Langston
Division of Family Planning and Preventive Services, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Patient Educ Couns 81:362-7. 2010..To evaluate the addition of structured contraceptive counseling to usual care on choice, initiation, and continuation of very effective contraception after uterine aspiration... - Initiation of oral contraceptives using a quick start compared with a conventional start: a randomized controlled trialCarolyn Westhoff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Obstet Gynecol 109:1270-6. 2007..To estimate whether young women taking the first pill on the day of prescription had higher continuation rates and lower pregnancy rates than women who waited until menses to start the oral contraceptive pill (OCP)... - The impact of an educational text message intervention on young urban women's knowledge of oral contraceptionKelli Stidham Hall
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
Contraception 87:449-54. 2013..Oral contraceptive (OC) knowledge deficits may contribute to OC discontinuation. We examined the effect of an innovative educational intervention on young women's OC knowledge... - The New York City mayoral abortion training initiative at public hospitalsMaryam Guiahi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mailstop B198 2, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
Contraception 86:577-82. 2012..We set out to describe and understand the first-ever abortion training political initiative on the provision of abortion services and abortion residency training... - Surrogate markers, emboldened and boxed warnings, and an expanding culture of misinformation: evidence-based clinical science should guide FDA decision making about product labelingLee P Shulman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Contraception 73:440-2. 2006 - A high cholecystectomy rate in a cohort of Mexican American women who are postpartum at the time of oral contraceptive pill initiationGretchen S Stuart
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7030, USA
Contraception 76:357-9. 2007..Opinions regarding the association between gallbladder disease and oral contraceptive (OCs) differ. The objective of this article is to quantify cholecystectomy rate among women initiating OCs... - Real-world patterns of prescription refills for branded hormonal contraceptives: a reflection of contraceptive discontinuationAnita L Nelson
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509 2910, USA
Obstet Gynecol 112:782-7. 2008..The objective was to describe timely refills of hormonal contraceptive products among a large, geographically diverse population of U.S. women as an estimate of method continuation over time... - Initiation of oral contraceptives--start now!Sharon M Edwards
Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA
J Adolesc Health 43:432-6. 2008..We investigated whether immediate initiation of OCs would lead to improved continuation rates and therefore decreased pregnancy rates in adolescents aged 12-17 years... - Review of available contraceptivesCarolyn Westhoff
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:S3. 2005 - Acceptability and satisfaction using Quick Start with the contraceptive vaginal ring versus an oral contraceptiveJulie E Schafer
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Contraception 73:488-92. 2006..CONCLUSION: Women who were allocated to vaginal ring use, regardless of their baseline characteristics or behavior, were likely to be highly satisfied with the method and to continue its use... - Pharmacology of hormonal contraceptives and acneKatharine O'Connell
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
Cutis 81:8-12. 2008.... - Causes of infertility as predictors of subsequent cancer riskLouise A Brinton
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852-7234, USA
Epidemiology 16:500-7. 2005..85; 0.9-9.5) and uterine (3.15; 1.0-9.5) cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of infertility may extend beyond gynecologic cancers. Thyroid cancers and melanomas deserve specific attention, particularly with respect to endometriosis... - Ovarian cancer risk after the use of ovulation-stimulating drugsLouise A Brinton
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 7068, Bethesda, MD 20852 7234, USA
Obstet Gynecol 103:1194-203. 2004..To assess the long-term effects of ovulation-stimulating drugs on the risk of ovarian cancer... - Breast cancer risk associated with ovulation-stimulating drugsLouise A Brinton
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Hum Reprod 19:2005-13. 2004..Despite the recognized role of hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer, there has been little evaluation of hormonal preparations used to treat infertility... - Ovarian cancer risk associated with varying causes of infertilityLouise A Brinton
Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
Fertil Steril 82:405-14. 2004..To evaluate the risk of ovarian cancer as related to underlying causes of infertility... - Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleedingPatricia A Murphy
College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841112 5880, USA
Contraception 71:402-8. 2005..This study evaluated the effect of the herbal remedy St. John's Wort on oral contraceptive (OC) therapy with respect to the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding... - Uterine cancer after use of clomiphene citrate to induce ovulationMichelle D Althuis
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 7234, USA
Am J Epidemiol 161:607-15. 2005..52, 95% CI: 1.5, 108.0). Clomiphene may increase uterine cancer risk, with higher doses leading to higher risk. Long-term follow-up of infertility cohorts is necessary to clarify the association between clomiphene use and uterine cancer... - Melanoma, thyroid, cervical, and colon cancer risk after use of fertility drugsMichelle D Althuis
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:668-74. 2005..CONCLUSION: Fertility drugs do not appear to have strong effects on these cancers. Nonetheless, follow-up should be pursued to assess long-term risks and to monitor effects among women who remain nulliparous...
Research Grants
- RCT of a Novel Oral Contraceptive Initiation MethodCarolyn Westhoff; Fiscal Year: 2004..We will also assess dual method use for STD prevention in the study to adoption of and adherence to oral contraceptives. We will also assess dual method use for STD prevention in the study population. ..
- Obesity, Oral Contraception and Ovarian SuppressionCarolyn Westhoff; Fiscal Year: 2007..This study will have very good power to detect clinically important differences. Results could directly and immediately affect contraceptive practice. ..