G E Bruder

..Dysthymia and MDD share a common abnormality of hemispheric asymmetry for dichotic listening...

..Thus, alpha asymmetry, alone or in combination with MRI, may be a marker of vulnerability for a familial form of depression...

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..This is further evidence that atypical depression is a biologically distinct subtype and underscores the importance of this diagnostic distinction for neurophysiologic studies...

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..The findings add to growing evidence for the existence of a subgroup of schizophrenia having a specific verbal memory deficit that is not limited to working memory, but extends to learning and recall of verbal material...

..Responder vs nonresponder differences for verbal dichotic listening in women and nonverbal dichotic listening in men are discussed in terms of differences in cognitive function, hemispheric organization, and neurotransmitter function...

..In a longitudinal high-risk study, resting EEG was measured in primarily adult offspring of depressed or nondepressed probands...

..Nor was there a group difference in the earlier N1 or N2 potentials. The novelty P3 reduction in depressed patients is indicative of a deficit in orienting of attention and evaluation of novel environmental sounds...

..This report examines the relation of COMT genotypes to performance on a battery of working memory tests differing in the cognitive operations to be performed on the material...

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..Patients having an anxious depression appear to have a greater propensity to activate right than left-hemisphere regions during auditory tasks, whereas those having a nonanxious depression have the opposite hemispheric asymmetry...

..Resting electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured in grandchildren participating in a multigenerational high-risk study...

..The present study used dichotic listening tests to assess lateralized cognitive processing in patients with social phobia, depression, or comorbid social phobia and depression...

..Dichotic listening techniques have been used to study hemispheric dominance for language in schizophrenia. The authors' goal was to compare subjects with paranoid and undifferentiated subtypes of schizophrenia...

..Further studies using longitudinal and family-based designs, as well as various measures of regional brain activity, are needed to enhance understanding of associations between cerebral laterality and psychopathology across development...

..The findings suggest that greater left-hemisphere advantage for verbal processing is associated with more favorable outcome of cognitive therapy for depression...

..These preliminary findings are similar to those from adult studies that suggest that MDD is associated with right parietotemporal hypoactivation...

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..The distinct, asymmetric N2 and P3 topographies for tonal and phonetic tasks presumably reflect differential involvement of cortical structures in pitch (right frontotemporal) and phoneme (left parietotemporal) discrimination...

..Results suggest intact early discrimination but abnormal late appraisal of affective content in depression, which may arise from selective inhibition of right parietal regions integral for perceiving and evaluating emotional stimuli...

..These findings suggest that impaired word recognition in schizophrenia may arise from a left lateralized deficit at an early stage of processing, beginning at 200-300 ms after word onset...

..We propose that an interaction of the DRD2 C957T and COMT Val158Met may be involved in the generation of some working memory deficits in schizophrenia...

..Task-independent reductions of negativities between 80 and 280 msec after stimulus onset suggest a deficit of automatic stimulus classification in schizophrenia, which may be partly compensated by later effortful processing...

..These results are consistent with Heller's two-dimensional model of depression and anxiety and highlight the sensitivity of task-related EEG alpha in discriminating among subgroups of depressed patients differing in trait anxiety...

..Compatible CSD-PCA findings were also confirmed for the original low-density sample. Results are consistent with a reduced novelty response in clinical depression, involving the early phase of the frontocentral novelty P3...

..Results are consistent with prior reports of P3 reduction in depression and implicate distinct parietal and temporal generators of P3 when using a dichotic oddball paradigm...

..Cognitive slowing may mediate the working memory and executive function deficits found in nonresponders. These findings can inform exploration for pharmacogenetic endophenotypes...

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..N1 sink and P2 source were markedly reduced in patients for high intensity stimuli, providing further neurophysiological evidence of olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia...

..This deficit was more pronounced for common words despite a greater difficulty to recall unknown faces, indicating that it is not due to a generalized cognitive deficit in schizophrenia...

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..These methods separated old/new stimulus source (preresponse) and response sink (postresponse) effects from motor and modality-specific ERPs...

..A late (beyond 900 ms), broadly-distributed negativity was also greater for old than new words, prolonged for auditory items, and may represent activity of a post-retrieval process...

..The authors hypothesized that since psychomotor slowing in depressed patients has been linked to reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission, patients with slowing would be unresponsive to fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor...

..Course of illness may usefully define more homogeneous depressive subgroups within atypical depression...

..Data suggest disturbed processes in a frontal-parietotemporal network in schizophrenia, affecting encoding and early item storage...

..These preliminary results suggest that: (1) live exposure is more effective than imaginal exposure in altering behavioral and electrophysiological measures; and (2) live exposure is associated with regional EEG changes in OCD...

..The findings also confirm the relationship of P3 to total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score, negative symptoms, and verbal associative memory...

..The current study examines the relationship between verbal deficits, assessed through a dichotic listening test, and children's substance use...

..These findings support the construct validity of the hypothesis that low PE may be a temperamental precursor or risk factor for depression...

..This study tested the hypothesis that BAS deficits, measured with both self-report and electrophysiological methods, would predict the six-month course of depression...

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..This suggests that early-onset depression may be associated with a deficit in the hypothesized approach motivation system...

..These studies should contribute to the identification of subtypes of depression and characteristic regional brain asymmetries and distinctive clinical features. ..

..A more long range clinical goal is to contribute toward the development of tests that could predict response to treatment with conventional or atypical neuroleptic medications for schizophrenia. ..

..These aims contribute to the long range goal of identifying more homogeneous subtypes of depression with distinctive clinical features and characteristic alterations of regional brain asymmetry. ..

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..Our aims here are to confirm preliminary evidence of an association between dichotic asymmetry and response to treatment with lithium, and to further investigate changes in hemispheric asymmetry in manic as compared to euthymic states...

..A third study will test 40 patients having a bipolar disorder with mania. These patients will be tested in a manic and a euthymic state so as to further investigate changes in hemispheric asymmetry accompanying these emotional states...

..This research could translate into development of clinical aides for selecting treatments for individual depressed patients. ..