Adam M Brickman

..Aging is accompanied by a decrease in brain volume and by an increase in cerebrovascular disease...

..Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of white matter coherence in cognitive aging and provide some, but not complete, support for the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis in normal cognitive aging...

..The differential age-associated decline between category and letter fluency suggests separate neurobiological substrates underlying the two domains of performance, which is not related to theta activity...

..The results suggest that identifiable networks of grey and white matter regions systematically decline with age and that pattern expression is linked to age-related cognitive decline...

..Regions with consistently lower CBF across individuals were more likely to appear as WMH. Results are consistent with an emerging literature linking diminished regional perfusion with the risk of developing WMH...

..To determine if baseline measurements of cerebral atrophy and severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) predict the rate of future cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..405, P = 0.024). The findings suggest that the previously derived age-associated covariance pattern for gray matter is reliable and may provide information that is more functionally meaningful than chronological age...

..The findings suggest disruption of internal capsule fibers in poor-outcome patients with schizophrenia. These abnormalities may be independent of other structural changes in schizophrenia...

..The current study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to more fully elucidate the relationship among age, regional white matter, and neuropsychological functioning...

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..However, the contribution of vascular lesions, such as brain infarcts, to hippocampal integrity and age-associated memory decline remains unclear...

..The operator-driven approach may be better suited for smaller studies with highly trained raters, whereas the fully automated quantitative approach may be more appropriate for larger, high-throughput studies...

..We hypothesized that individuals with higher amounts of reserve would be able to tolerate greater amounts of pathology than those with lower reserve...

..Elevated blood pressure (BP) and fluctuation in BP may lead to cerebrovascular disease through ischemic changes and compromised cerebral autoregulation...

..Present longitudinal study was designed to investigate progressive differences in striatal volumes among chronic schizophrenia patients with different outcomes and healthy subjects...

..The goal of the current study is to examine the relationship between age-related changes in regional gray matter volumes and cognitive function in a large, cross-sectional sample of healthy adults across the lifespan...

..Telephone-based interviews can be used for screening and to obtain key study outcomes when participants in longitudinal studies die or cannot be seen in person, but must be validated among ethnically and educationally diverse people...

..The validity of a self-reported stroke remains inconclusive...

..Haloperidol increased striatal metabolic rate more than olanzapine. Both drugs increased thalamic metabolic rates and this increase was significantly larger in younger (age 13-15) than older (16-21) patients...

..This suggests that tracts involved in the connectivity of the temporal lobe white matter deficits were already well in place in adolescent patients, while frontal lobe pathology continues to develop from adolescence to adulthood...

..Sex differences were found in the majority of areas but were most marked in the cingulum bundle and internal capsule. These results suggest continuing white matter development between adolescence and adulthood...

..To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and Alzheimer disease (AD) course...

..These results suggest that both age-related metabolic decline and sex differences within frontal regions are more marked in medial frontal and cingulate areas, consistent with some age-related patterns of affective and cognitive change...

..High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to compare cortical gray and white matter and CSF volumes in schizophrenia patients with poor outcomes, schizophrenia patients with good outcomes, and healthy comparison subjects...

..Decreased callosal size and anisotropy have been described in schizophrenia patients but their longitudinal progression remains poorly understood...

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..Further, the findings suggest that cognitive aging is largely determined by factors other than SH for most older adults...

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..Cigarette smoking is associated with isolated and subtle cognitive difficulties among very healthy individuals...

..The purpose of this study was to examine whether neuropsychological tests translated into Spanish measure the same cognitive constructs as the original English versions...

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..Magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess structure and function in the hippocampal formation...

..With the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, clinicians have to be more attentive to the presence of structural heart disease and its complications in persons with these conditions...

..The findings demonstrate neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with psychosis and suggest that cognitive deficits are core symptoms in psychotic disorders...

..White matter microstructural changes, quantified with diffusion tensor imaging, appear to play a lesser role in our sample...

..Also, if MPS are a marker for developing Alzheimer-type changes, hippocampal volume on MRI might be diminished in individuals with MPS...

..No relationship between the other cognitive domains and brain or hippocampal volume was found. The findings suggest a role of hippocampal atrophy in the decline in fluid intelligence in the elderly...

..Both higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and more physical activity have been independently associated with lower Alzheimer disease (AD) risk but their combined association has not been investigated...

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..Biomarkers for AD could also facilitate studies of the interactions of various forms of neurodegenerative disorders with cerebrovascular disease, resulting in "mixed dementia"...

..The findings from this study are consistent with the multifactorial nature of cognitive aging...

..Findings generally support the frontal aging hypothesis and may provide important information about healthy cognitive aging...

..We set out to confirm these exploratory findings and evaluate their relation to illness severity using a hypothesis-driven region-of-interest approach...

..Abnormal regional volume intercorrelations between selected cortical areas in schizophrenia patients were previously reported in several MRI studies...

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..We examined whether there is a relationship between white matter FA and outcome in patients with schizophrenia...

..CONCLUSIONS: Both baseline and longitudinal differences between patients with DLB and patients with AD were noted; these have implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment...

..These findings indicate that the predictive utility of olfactory identification deficits for decline from no MCI to MCI and AD needs to be assessed in longitudinal studies of elderly community samples...

..These findings are consistent with post-mortem and MRI measurement suggesting reduction in volume of the pulvinar, which occupies a large proportion of the ventral thalamus and which has prominent connections to the temporal lobe...

..Previous studies using volumetrics in outpatient samples have relied on total lesion volume. The purpose of this study was to test whether remission from geriatric depression depends on lesion volume by region of interest (ROI)...

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..2007). The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether this effect is specific to response inhibition or whether impairment in other cognitive domains also predicts non-response...

..Poor outcome is associated with more posterior distribution (posteriorization) of both gray and white matter changes, and with preferential impairment in the unimodal visual and paralimbic cortical regions...

..To compare progressive changes in lateral ventricular size in chronic schizophrenia patients with good and poor outcomes...

..This suggests the possibility that the expansion of putamen size may be a physiological correlate of neuroleptic responsiveness or that small putamen size at disease onset may be a predictor of outcome...

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..We examined whether this pattern is seen within the anteroposterior arch of the cingulate gyrus...

..To rely on the anatomical organization of the hippocampal formation in understanding whether and how late-life diseases such as diabetes and stroke contribute to age-related cognitive decline...

..Findings of significant involvement of striatal functioning in verbal learning are most likely accounted for by age and suggest an age-related shift from anterior to posterior circuitry in the human telencephalon...

..The scale is a valuable instrument for outcomes research, efficacy trials, and behavioral research in AD...

..We hypothesized that patients who failed to remit during a 12-week controlled treatment trial of escitalopram would exhibit greater SH burden than patients who remitted...

..We compared the thalamic-cortical volumetric correlational patterns in patients with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects, and evaluated their relations to outcome...

..In this review, we will compare and contrast both approaches for pinpointing when and where synaptic loss in AD begins and for monitoring therapeutic efficacy...

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..Furthermore, depressive symptomatology in DLB does not appear to be related to severity of cortical or subcortical LB pathology...

..Further research is needed to determine whether this observed decline is attributable to differential lesion distribution or statistical artifact...

..CONCLUSION: The co-occurrence of AD and LB pathology is associated with higher numbers of LBs and more severe dementia than when classical AD or LB lesions occur alone...

..Cerebrovascular disease is 1 of the possible mechanisms of the previously reported relationship between Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to investigate the association between MeDi and MRI infarcts...

..CONCLUSIONS: Three association regions of the thalamus that have reciprocal connectivity to schizophrenia-associated regions of the cortex have significantly smaller volumes on MRI in patients with schizophrenia...

..Depression, a treatable cause of excess morbidity and mortality, was undertreated in all groups studied. However, treatment rates may be improving. The prevalent use of anxiolytics and hypnotics for depressed patients is problematic...

..Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify and quantify non-disease-related aging of the cerebral white matter...

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..The article is concluded by aligning these new data with findings from the general literature, providing added support for the right-hemisphere emotion hypothesis...

..Deficits in regional scores of the middle region are discussed in the context of lower resources in depression...

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..To preliminarily examine the association between cardiac output, a measure of systemic blood flow, and structural brain magnetic resonance imaging indices of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)...

..By contrast, ratings of depression were unrelated to either apathy or nucleus accumbens volume. These findings provide preliminary evidence that apathy reflects direct involvement of the central nervous system in patients with HIV...

..The results are discussed in terms of theoretical models of aging...

..Findings are discussed in terms of implications for the assessment and treatment of prosody in clinical populations...

..Results from the study will provide important insights into the normal aging process and will yield valuable information towards understanding the underpinnings of age-associated pathologies. ..

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..It will also identify important factors that may account for ethnic-group disparities in Alzheimer's disease. ..