D B Allison

..The implications of these findings for heritability studies, linkage studies, and the estimation of shared environmental effects are discussed...

..The second procedure is a permutation-based procedure. Selected power studies are conducted to illustrate the relative power of each test under a variety of circumstances...

..No study has considered the independent effects of weight loss and fat loss on mortality rate. We studied mortality rate as a function of weight loss and fat loss...

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..This article examines whether the estimated direct health care costs attributable to obesity are offset by the increased mortality rate among obese individuals...

..This meta-analysis tests the effects of such early death exclusion on the BMI-mortality association...

..Obesity is a major health problem in the United States, but the number of obesity-attributable deaths has not been rigorously estimated...

..A comprehensive narrative review was also conducted on all articles that did not yield quantitative information but did yield important qualitative information...

..This article discusses such issues as prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial effects. Definitions and various classifications of obesity are discussed also...

..for the ML approach (i.e., 100 pairs; high residual sibling correlation). Results showed that, when marked nonnormality is present, the NHE can be used without severe type I error-rate inflation, even at very small alpha levels...

..Nevertheless, some have plausible mechanisms of action and encouraging preliminary data that are sufficiently provocative to merit further research...

..g., smoking status) were added to the model or when all subjects were included by imputing missing data. These results demonstrate that metabolic disharmony is associated with, and may cause, an increased hazard of death...

..In addition, the panel emphasized several macro-level recommendations regarding research strategies to avoid, research strategies to emphasize, and resources needing development...

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..0001 alpha level with <300 observations...

..However, Waaler (1984)8 has argued that this approach systematically overestimates the optimal BMI because the true curve might not be quadratic. The purpose of this study was to test this proposition...

..The resulting statistic may prove useful for lay audiences in understanding a heritability estimate...

..The reasons for the very high prevalence of obesity among African American women are unknown. Data supporting various putative genetic, physiological, and psychosocial influences are discussed...

..By applying these techniques to the literature on linkage in the human OB gene region, we are able to show that the evidence for linkage somewhere in the region is extremely strong (P = 1.5 x 10[-5])...

..Finally, we advocate data pooling techniques (e.g., meta-analysis) to enhance the power and efficiency of the entire field of the genetics of obesity...

..Published heritability estimates (h2) for body mass index (BMI) range from as low as 0.05 to as high as 0.90. The purpose of this paper is to introduce new data to help narrow the range of plausible estimates...

..e., AA, Aa, aa) implies by the closure principle that, after detection of a significant result for a specific variable, pairwise comparisons for that variable can be conducted without further adjustment of the alpha level...

..The 'optimal' sampling scheme may depend on both what one suspects the underlying genetic architecture to be and which of the oligogenic QTL one has greatest interest in detecting...

..Finally, percentile scores for BMI are tabulated as these are necessary for researchers to implement certain sibling selection strategies...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dimorphism and age-dependency appears to exist in the estimated energy content of weight change and these observations have important clinical and research implications...

..Although certain genotypic effects could be population specific, there was no statistically compelling evidence that any of the three LEPR alleles is associated with BMI or waist circumference in the general population...

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..As a citrate cleavage enzyme that may play an essential role in de novo lipogenesis inhibition, G cambogia is claimed to lower body weight and reduce fat mass in humans...

..The factors that control body composition in disease are uncertain...

..As will be seen, this is an area of research in its infancy, and much work remains to be done...

..Finally, suggestions for future research, including a list of possible "candidate environments" and "candidate intermediary behaviors," are offered...

..68). CONCLUSIONS: Contingencies in the home environment can be arranged to modify physical activity and TV viewing and may have a role in treating childhood obesity. Contingent TV may be one method to help achieve this goal...

..We tested the association of BMI with neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism with a trimmed BMI sample...

..Labeling obesity a disease may be expedient but it is not a necessary step in a campaign to combat obesity and it may be interpreted as self-serving advocacy without a sound scientific basis...

..To examine the effect of a single high oral dose of the novel noncaloric sweetener sucralose on short-term glucose homeostasis in patients with IDDM or NIDDM...

..It is not presently known whether correcting for these biases would increase estimates of excess deaths attributable to obesity...

..The human orthologs for the Abrg loci are strong candidates for human disorders characterized by altered plasma apoB levels, such as FCHL and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia...