Research Topics
Species | G L KearnsSummaryAffiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Montelukast in the treatment of duodenal eosinophilia in children with dyspepsia: effect on eosinophil density and activation in relation to pharmacokineticsCraig A Friesen
The Children s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
BMC Gastroenterol 9:32. 2009..The mechanism of this clinical response is unknown but could involve a decrease in eosinophil density or activation...
Impact of ontogeny on linezolid disposition in neonates and infantsGregory L Kearns
Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:413-22. 2003..Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic data would appear to support the use of linezolid dosing regimens currently approved for infants and young children in neonates with postnatal age greater than 7 days...- Proton pump inhibitors in pediatrics: relevant pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamicsGregory L Kearns
University of Missouri Kansas City, and Chief, Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas, City Missouri, U S A
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 37:S52-9. 2003.... - Cisapride disposition in neonates and infants: in vivo reflection of cytochrome P450 3A4 ontogenyGregory L Kearns
Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:312-25. 2003..This known developmental delay in the expression of CYP3A4 prompted us to conduct a classical open-label pharmacokinetic study of cisapride in neonates and young infants... - Developmental pharmacology--drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and childrenGregory L Kearns
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
N Engl J Med 349:1157-67. 2003 - Single dose pharmacokinetics of linezolid in infants and childrenG L Kearns
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:1178-84. 2000..The safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered linezolid were evaluated in children and adolescents to examine the potential for developmental dependence on its disposition characteristics... - Single dose pharmacokinetics of pleconaril in neonates. Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit NetworkG L Kearns
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, MO, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:833-9. 2000..Pleconaril phamacokinetics was evaluated in 16 neonates (16.4 +/- 8.7 days postnatal age) with suspected enteroviral infection... 
Pharmacokinetics and safety of montelukast oral granules in children 1 to 3 months of age with bronchiolitisGregory L Kearns
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 48:502-11. 2008....- Single-dose pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous pantoprazole in children and adolescentsGregory L Kearns
Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 48:1356-65. 2008..The pharmacokinetic profile of oral and intravenous pantoprazole was similar in children ages 2 to 16 years. The doses used here were safe and well tolerated in this population... - Percutaneous lidocaine administration via a new iontophoresis system in children: tolerability and absence of systemic bioavailabilityGregory L Kearns
Departments of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
Pediatrics 112:578-82. 2003..For evaluating the tolerance of this IDDS in pediatrics, 12 healthy children (5-15 years, 4 girls and 8 boys, 10 white, weight 19-79 kg) were evaluated... - Cefpodoxime pharmacokinetics in children: effect of foodG L Kearns
Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 17:799-804. 1998..We report the results of a randomized two-way crossover study designed to characterize the disposition of a single dose (10 mg/kg) of cefpodoxime proxetil oral suspension in children, under fed and fasted conditions... - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of a pleconaril (VP63843) oral solution in children and adolescents. Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit NetworkG L Kearns
Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:634-8. 1999..e., 70 ng/ml). Thus, our data support the evaluation of a 5-mg/kg twice-daily oral dose of pleconaril for therapeutic trials in pediatric patients with enteroviral infections... - Elevation of serum interleukin 8 levels in acetaminophen overdose in children and adolescentsL P James
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children s Hospital, Little Rock 72202, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 70:280-6. 2001..The purpose of this study was to measure serum cytokine levels in children and adolescents with acetaminophen overdose and to evaluate relationships between cytokine elevation and hepatotoxicity... - Investigation of terbinafine as a CYP2D6 inhibitor in vivoS M Abdel-Rahman
Children s Mercy Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacology, and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, 64108, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 65:465-72. 1999..This prospective open-label study was designed to confirm our previous finding that terbinafine may inhibit CYP2D6... - Evaluation of occult acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in hospitalized children receiving acetaminophen. Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit NetworkL P James
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202, USA
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 40:243-8. 2001..Acetaminophen-protein adducts were not detected in this cohort of 18 subjects. Based on this pilot study, the routine use of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses in ill, hospitalized children and adolescents appears safe... - Ontogeny of dextromethorphan O- and N-demethylation in the first year of lifeM J Blake
Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 81:510-6. 2007..In contrast, DM N-demethylation developed significantly more slowly over the first year of life. Genotype and the temporal acquisition of drug biotransformation are critical determinants of a drug response in infants... - Cytochrome P450 Involvement in the biotransformation of cisapride and racemic norcisapride in vitro: differential activity of individual human CYP3A isoformsR E Pearce
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
Drug Metab Dispos 29:1548-54. 2001..g., ontogeny of drug-metabolizing enzymes, inhibition, and induction) should be clinically unimportant due to the apparent lack of dependence on cytochromes P450 for elimination... - Optimization of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) phenotype assignment using a genotyping algorithm based on allele frequency dataA Gaedigk
Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Children s Mercy Hospital, and University of Missouri Kansas City, 64108, USA
Pharmacogenetics 9:669-82. 1999..For all individuals, the correct phenotype has been predicted. Discordant phenotype assignment occurred in only two individuals which subsequently was attributed to CYP2D6 inhibition by concomitant drug therapy... - Interpreting pharmacogenetic data in the developing neonate: the challenge of hitting a moving targetJ S Leeder
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 92:434-6. 2012.... - Potent inhibition of cytochrome P-450 2D6-mediated dextromethorphan O-demethylation by terbinafineS M Abdel-Rahman
Section of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
Drug Metab Dispos 27:770-5. 1999..This agent needs to be evaluated in vivo to determine the impact of CYP2D6 inhibition by terbinafine on the metabolism of concomitantly administered CYP2D6 substrates... - Cisapride: a potential model substrate to assess cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vivoJennifer A Lowry
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 73:209-22. 2003.... - Considerations in the rational design and conduct of phase I/II pediatric clinical trials: avoiding the problems and pitfallsS M Abdel-Rahman
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 81:483-94. 2007..Illustrations are provided from our experience, which highlight problems that may arise when trials are not designed with the pediatric patient in mind... - Omeprazole disposition in children following single-dose administrationGregory L Kearns
Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Missouri, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 43:840-8. 2003.... - Developmental pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nizatidineSusan M Abdel-Rahman
Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, USA
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 38:442-51. 2004..CONCLUSIONS: The biodisposition of nizatidine in children and adults is similar; however, response after a comparable weight-based dose is equal and potentially greater in children... - Treatment strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatricsJason G Newland
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Paediatr Drugs 10:367-78. 2008..In other invasive MRSA infections, such as pneumonia and musculoskeletal infections, the empiric treatment of choice is clindamycin. Finally, newer agents and additional treatment options are discussed... - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of roflumilast in children and adolescentsKathleen A Neville
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City and the Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64079, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 48:978-85. 2008..1 and 0.8 microg/L per 1 microg/kg dose for adolescents and children, respectively), pharmacokinetic parameters for roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide were not different between age groups and were similar to adults... - Effect of diet on the development of drug metabolism by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in healthy infantsMichael J Blake
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine and the Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
Pediatr Res 60:717-23. 2006..Dietary modification of CYP activity may modulate drug biotransformation and thus alter systemic exposure to xenobiotics from a very early age... - Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of montelukast in dyspeptic children with duodenal eosinophiliaCraig A Friesen
Section of Gastroenterology, The Children s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 38:343-51. 2004..We evaluated the effect of this drug in children with eosinophilic duodenitis, defined histologically as duodenal mucosa with peak eosinophil count of more than 10 eosinophils/hpf... - Understanding the relative roles of pharmacogenetics and ontogeny in pediatric drug development and regulatory scienceJ Steven Leeder
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 50:1377-87. 2010..The results of the analysis can be used to aid in the design of studies to yield maximally informative data in pediatric populations of different ages and developmental stages and thereby improve the efficiency of study design... - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in children with suspected or proved gram-positive infectionsSusan M Abdel-Rahman
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 27:330-4. 2008..Although the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin have been well characterized in adults, no studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics and tolerability in a pediatric population... - Pharmacologic considerations for oseltamivir disposition: focus on the neonate and young infantSusan M Abdel-Rahman
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Childrens Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
Paediatr Drugs 13:19-31. 2011..In addition, the available pediatric pharmacokinetic data for oseltamivir and its active metabolite are summarized and current 'information gaps' deserving of future study are presented... - Developmental pharmacogenomicsKathleen A Neville
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
Paediatr Anaesth 21:255-65. 2011.... - GC-MS determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human urine for 12 hours following oral administration of dextro-methamphetamine: lack of evidence supporting the established forensic guidelines for methamphetamine confirmationJ L Valentine
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Toxicology, Arkansas Children s Hospital, Little Rock 72202 3591, USA
J Anal Toxicol 19:581-90. 1995.... - Rifapentine pharmacokinetics in adolescentsJ D Marshall
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 18:882-8. 1999..Determination of rifapentine pharmacokinetics in healthy adolescent children... - Characterization of delayed liquid gastric emptying in children by the (13)C-acetate breath testB L Jones
Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd Kansas City, MO, USA
J Breath Res 3:047004. 2009.... - Six-month, prospective, longitudinal, open-label caffeine and dextromethorphan phenotyping study in children with growth hormone deficiency receiving recombinant human growth hormone replacementMary Jayne Kennedy
Kosair Charities Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
Clin Ther 30:1687-99. 2008..Although growth hormone (GH) may alter the clearance of concomitantly administered medications, its effects on individual drug-metabolizing enzymes in children have not been characterized... - The bioequivalence of nizatidine (Axid) in two extemporaneously and one commercially prepared oral liquid formulations compared with capsuleSusan M Abdel-Rahman
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Suite 0411, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 43:148-53. 2003..g., 0.80-1.25). Thus, nizatidine in infant formula and the commercially prepared oral syrup can be considered bioequivalent to the reference capsule... - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of nizatidine (Axid) in childrenSusan M Abdel-Rahman
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 42:1089-96. 2002..Finally, nizatidine plasma concentrations in pediatric patients following a single 5.0 mg/kg oral dose exceeded the EC50 value of the drug for gastric acid suppression determined from adult studies for approximately 6 hours... - Pediatric acetaminophen overdose: risk factors associated with hepatocellular injuryS W Alander
Department of Pediatrics, Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:346-50. 2000..To characterize demographic and clinical factors associated with pediatric acetaminophen overdose and identify risk factors for hepatocellular injury... - Developmental pharmacodynamics of cyclosporineJ D Marshall
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Children s Mercy Hospital, 64108, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 66:66-75. 1999..To determine the relationship between human development and in vitro cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin) pharmacodynamics... - The challenges of delivering pharmacogenomics into clinical pediatricsJ S Leeder
Section of Developmental Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Pharmacogenomics J 2:141-3. 2002 - Pharmacokinetics of rifapentine in childrenMichael J Blake
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:405-9. 2006..CONCLUSIONS: Given a comparable weight-normalized dose, rifapentine exposure estimates are lower in children than those reported in adults, suggesting that a larger weight-normalized (ie, mg/kg) dose of rifapentine is needed in children... - Impact of the CYP2C19*17 allele on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and pantoprazole in children: evidence for a differential effectGregory L Kearns
Director, Pharmacogenetics Core Laboratory, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Drug Metab Dispos 38:894-7. 2010..0001) and the apparent elimination rate constant (K(el); p = 0.0012); no significant genotype-phenotype relationships were observed for omeprazole... - Biotransformation of fluticasone: in vitro characterizationRobin E Pearce
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Drug Metab Dispos 34:1035-40. 2006..These results suggest that at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, biotransformation of FTP to M1 is mediated predominantly by CYP3A enzymes in the liver... - Ontogeny of drug metabolizing enzymes in the neonateMichael J Blake
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:123-38. 2005.... - Measurement of acetaminophen-protein adducts in children and adolescents with acetaminophen overdoses. L P James
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 41:846-51. 2001.... - Coadministration of mefloquine and chloroqine: use of a pharmacokinetic-based approach to reduce toxicityJ A Lowry
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 20:223-4. 2001..A child with malaria from a chloroquine-resistant area received an accidental overdose of chloroquine administered by a parent. Application of pharmacokinetics permitted definitive treatment with mefloquine in a safe and effective manner... - Concordance between tramadol and dextromethorphan parent/metabolite ratios: the influence of CYP2D6 and non-CYP2D6 pathways on biotransformationS M Abdel-Rahman
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 42:24-9. 2002.... - Cytokines and toxicity in acetaminophen overdoseLaura P James
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arkansas Children s Hospital, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 45:1165-71. 2005..An understanding of the role of cytokine responses in acetaminophen overdose may be relevant to the future development of new therapies for acetaminophen toxicity... - Activities of cytochrome P450 1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2, xanthine oxidase, and cytochrome P450 2D6 are unaltered in children with cystic fibrosisMary Jayne Kennedy
Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, The Children s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 75:163-71. 2004..Altered biotransformation of drugs in this patient population is likely enzyme- and isoform-specific and thus is apparent for only selected compounds that are substrates for enzymes other than CYP1A2, NAT-2, XO, and CYP2D6... - Combined phenotypic assessment of cytochrome p450 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A, N-acetyltransferase-2, and xanthine oxidase activities with the "Cooperstown 5+1 cocktail"Siwaporn Chainuvati
Department of Medicine, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:437-47. 2003..The Cooperstown 5+1 cocktail may be used to simultaneously assess the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, NAT2, and XO... - Pharmacokinetics of famotidine in infantsLarissa A Wenning
Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennslyvania, USA
Clin Pharmacokinet 44:395-406. 2005..Little is currently known about the pharmacokinetics of famotidine in infants aged between 1 month and 1 year, a period when renal function is maturing... - Pharmacokinetics of montelukast in asthmatic patients 6 to 24 months oldElizabeth Migoya
Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 44:487-94. 2004..Observed plasma concentrations were also similar. Based on systemic exposure of montelukast, a 4-mg dose of montelukast appears appropriate for children as young as 6 months of age... - The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infantsGloria P Heresi
Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, UT Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:1110-5. 2006..The objective of this study was to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in premature infants... - Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in childrenShuchean Chien
Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 920 Route 202 South, PO Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 45:153-60. 2005.... - Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered azithromycin in pediatric patientsRichard F Jacobs
Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Arkansas Children s Hospital, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:34-9. 2005..The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a single intravenous (IV) azithromycin dose in children... - Famotidine disposition in children and adolescents with chronic renal insufficiencyHolly D Maples
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
J Clin Pharmacol 43:7-14. 2003..6% Clnr) (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the pharmacokinetics of famotidine are significantly altered in children with chronic renal insufficiency; accordingly, dosing should be based on glomerular filtration rate (i.e., Clcr)... - Genetics of warfarin responseKathleen A Neville
N Engl J Med 358:2742. 2008 - Divalproex-ER pharmacokinetics in older children and adolescentsSandeep Dutta
Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
Pediatr Neurol 30:330-7. 2004.... - Population pharmacokinetic model for gatifloxacin in pediatric patientsChristopher M Rubino
Cognigen Corporation, Buffalo, NY, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:1246-52. 2007..The success of this strategy provides a model for future pediatric drug development programs... - Pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin in infants and childrenEdmund V Capparelli
Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:1106-12. 2005..h/ml (estimated free AUC/MIC ratio of > or =34 for MIC of < or =0.5 microg/ml). These data suggest that gatifloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 24 h will achieve therapeutic concentrations in plasma in infants and children...
Research Grants
- CHILDREN'S CENTER FOR CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY STUDIESGregory Kearns; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..