M H Davidson

..Both treatments were well tolerated...

..The use of global risk scoring aids, including the Palm Pilot cholesterol risk calculators, can improve guideline adherence and provide education and motivation to patients to maintain compliance...

..The effects of each type of therapy and potential adverse effects should also be considered...

..In addition to lowering plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), statins also raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)...

..Ezetimibe can be used in conjunction with a statin at the beginning of therapy, or it can be added if patients do not achieve their LDL-cholesterol goal with statins alone...

..This article discusses several safety and regulatory considerations for the use of combination therapy for dyslipidemia...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ezetimibe administered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia...

..There is potential evidence for the health benefits of soy protein, tea extracts, policosanol, guggulipids, coenzyme Q10, and L-arginine. There has been a lack of evidence for the health benefits of garlic and antioxidants...

..This article reviews key issues in the management of hyper-cholesterolemia with respect to coronary heart disease risk reduction in the elderly...

..For diabetic patients who require additional LDL lowering, ezetimibe may provide a safe combination to a statin to achieve the LDL goal of less than 100 mg/dL...

..A starting dose of 10 mg will reduce LDL-C by approximately 50%, which should adequately treat most patients to within the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) goals...

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..CETi-1 is a feasible therapy in humans to induce CETP auto-antibodies. Future research will determine if repeat inoculations will induce a sufficient anti-CETP antibody response to inhibit CETP and increase HDL levels...

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..Thus, it can be concluded that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are well tolerated, effective treatments for hypercholesterolaemia...

..Colesevelam, recently approved by the US FDA, represents a valuable non-absorbed alternative in the armamentarium against hypercholesterolaemia, both for monotherapy and combination therapy, as an adjunct to diet and exercise...

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..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a transdermal nicotine patch as an aid for smoking cessation in an over-the-counter setting...

..A starting dose of 10 mg will reduce LDL-C by approximately 50%, which should adequately treat most patients to within the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) goals...

..Plant sterol esters reduce cholesterol absorption and lower circulating blood cholesterol concentrations when incorporated into the habitual diet...

..CONCLUSIONS: Combination colesevelam and lovastatin was efficacious and well tolerated, resulting in additive decreases in LDL cholesterol levels whether or not both agents were administered simultaneously...

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..Although modest, the effect of 10.2 g PSH/d on LDL cholesterol (relative to the control) persisted throughout the 24-wk treatment period, indicating potential for long-term benefit...

..Ezetimibe + statin had a safety profile similar to statin monotherapy. Coadministration of ezetimibe + statin offers a well-tolerated, highly efficacious new treatment strategy for patients with hypercholesterolemia...

..0 g/day arm (-13.3%, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate that phytosterol esters are well tolerated and show no evidence of adverse effects at a daily intake of up to 9.0 g of phytosterols for eight weeks...

..The elderly population, while at high risk for CVD, is currently undertreated. Statins can effectively lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lessen the risk of CVD for this population...

..CONCLUSIONS: Female sex was associated with lower likelihood of LDL-C goal achievement among patients with CHD + CHD RE. This relationship remained significant after adjustment for other significant predictors of treatment success...

..Global risk reduction with aggressive low-density lipoprotein reduction and through the additional normalization of glucose levels and blood pressure can help to reduce absolute risk in this very high-risk population...

..To assess the lipid-altering efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin single tablet product compared with rosuvastatin at the approved usual starting, next highest, and maximum doses...

..Ezetimibe 10 mg/simvastatin 80 mg lowers LDL by approximately 60% and has been demonstrated to be superior to the highest doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin for lowering LDL and raising high-density lipoprotein...

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..The lower frequency of treatment success in high-risk patients according to the CWG definition indicates that more aggressive treatment is needed to reach CWG goals...

..Ezetimibe is indicated in the management of hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and sitosterolemia and significantly increases the percentage of patients able to reach their lipid-lowering goals...

..Thus, the clinical trial experience with ezetimibe/simvastatin suggests that ezetimibe does not enhance or aggravate the muscle effects of simvastatin...

..The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study in 10,000 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is testing the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate/statin combination...

..Lowering the dietary glycemic load and increasing protein intake may be advantageous for weight management...

..In order to optimize patient outcomes, clinicians should be aware of specific patient characteristics, such as advancing age, gender, body mass index, or glomerular filtration rate, which predict muscle and hepatic statin toxicity...

..In conclusion, this study showed that NER/S provided additional clinically relevant improvements in multiple lipid parameters and was safe and well tolerated...

..64 +/- 0.91 vs. 3.38 +/- 0.98 hours x mmol/L, p = 0.018). These results suggest that high-fiber oat cereal influenced postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, which may have implications regarding cardiovascular disease risk...

..This study examined the effects of darapladib, a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) inhibitor, on biomarkers of cardiovascular (CV) risk...

..This fact has focused increased attention on treating abnormalities of non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), HDL-C, and triglycerides in national guidelines and has intensified interest in combination therapy...

..In this article, the authors review the use of combination therapy as a strategy for risk reduction in CAD...

..Lipid management in clinical practice has been suboptimal with a significant proportion of patients not achieving recommended cholesterol levels. A reason for low goal attainment may be the limited use of upward dose titration...

..The study compared low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction obtained after switching patients on a statin therapy to rosuvastatin or simvastatin in real-world clinical practice...

..This article reviews the strategies for targeting HDL cholesterol to optimize outcomes in CHD...

..The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) has identified non-HDL-C as a secondary therapeutic target in these patients, but treatment goals may not be reached with statin monotherapy alone...

..The metabolic syndrome is common in patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy in an office-based setting. Three recent definitions resulted in similar estimates of its prevalence...

..This article discusses the role of combination therapy in managing CAD and in achieving optional targets in high-risk patient populations...

..Selecting the starting dose of atorvastatin using a treatment algorithm achieves NCEP ATP III LDL-cholesterol goals in the majority of patients and minimizes the need for dose titration...

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..0 mmol/L was achieved by 79% to 92% in rosuvastatin groups compared with 52% to 81% in atorvastatin groups. Drug tolerability was similar across treatments...

..001). Mean percent reductions from baseline in the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio were 52%, 39%, and 30% for rosuvastatin 10 mg, simvastatin 20 mg, and pravastatin 20 mg, respectively, in these 2 trials...

..The results of this trial suggest that consumption of a group of low fat, TOP and beta-glucan- containing foods is a useful adjunct in the dietary management of hypercholesterolemia...

..05 - < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of simvastatin in patients with hypertriglyceridemia...

..The conclusion was that all high-risk patients with LDL > or = 100 mg/dL should be treated with drug therapy with the goal of reducing LDL to < 100 mg/dL...

..Diacylglycerol is a natural component of edible oils that has metabolic characteristics that are distinct from those of triacylglycerol...

..Previous studies have shown that effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may differ among statins...

..ordinary eggs (-12.3 vs. 2.1%; p = 0.027), and there was a greater increase for HDL cholesterol in the DHA-enriched vs. ordinary egg group (5.0 vs. 1.1%; p = 0.040)...

..Gene therapies to reduce low-density lipoproteins and increase high-density lipoproteins are on the horizon, but the ability to safely prolong gene expression in humans will require the development of novel vectors...

..There is a need for new formulations that have improved bioavailability and eliminate the requirement for administration with food...

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..This combination increases the likelihood of therapeutic success in patients with dyslipidaemia...

..The findings suggest that the use of fenofibrate in combination with statins results in fewer reports of rhabdomyolysis per million prescriptions dispensed than does the use of gemfibrozil...

..In the post-marketing surveillance for rosuvastatin, there have been reports of rhabdomyolysis, but the incidence rate, when corrected for prescription utilisation, is similar to other statins following initial approval...

..This review discusses the need for comprehensive management of all abnormalities in a given patient's lipoprotein profile and for the use of combinations of anti-lipidemic medications, when indicated...

..This review summarizes the pathway of RCT and the currently available means by which investigators are attempting to modulate HDL levels and increase rates of RCT...

..The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy...

..Increased potency of LDL cholesterol-lowering drugs would be of value in enabling more patients to achieve goals...