Research Topics
| Cynthia G WhitneySummaryAffiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccineCynthia G Whitney
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
N Engl J Med 348:1737-46. 2003..In early 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes was licensed in the United States for use in young children...- The potential of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for childrenCynthia G Whitney
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:961-70. 2002..Monitoring disease burden after widespread use in the US is critical for understanding the effects of the vaccine. In addition making pneumococcal vaccines available for children in developing countries should be a high priority... - Lower respiratory tract infections: prevention using vaccinesCynthia G Whitney
Epidemiology Group, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 18:899-917. 2004..While research for new and improved vaccines to prevent lower respiratory tract infections continues,focusing on simple measures for increasing vaccine use can help prevent morbidity and mortality now... - Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control studyCynthia G Whitney
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Lancet 368:1495-502. 2006..Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine against various pneumococcal serotypes, and to measure the effectiveness of the recommended dose schedule and of catch-up and incomplete schedules... 
Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccine useTamar Pilishvili
Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Pediatrics 126:e9-17. 2010..We conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children who were aged 3 to 59 months in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7)...- Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniaeMoe H Kyaw
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
N Engl J Med 354:1455-63. 2006..There was an increase in infections caused by serotypes not included in the vaccine... - Population snapshot of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the United States, 2005Matthew R Moore
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J Infect Dis 197:1016-27. 2008..To understand this increase, we characterized serotype 19A isolates recovered during 2005... - Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccineTamara Pilishvili
Division of Bacterial Diseases and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J Infect Dis 201:32-41. 2010..Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence were evaluated after 7 years of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) use in US children... - Delivering pneumococcal vaccine to a high risk population: the Navajo experienceAndrea L Benin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Hum Vaccin 1:66-9. 2005.... 
Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with very-high-level resistance to penicillinStephanie J Schrag
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:3016-23. 2004..The emergence, clonality, and association of very-high-level penicillin resistance with multiple drug resistance requires further monitoring and highlights the need for novel agents active against the pneumococcus...- Incidence of pneumococcal disease due to non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes in the United States during the era of widespread PCV7 vaccination, 1998-2004Lauri A Hicks
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Infect Dis 196:1346-54. 2007..The benefits may be offset by increases in disease due to serotypes not included in the vaccine (hereafter, "nonvaccine serotypes"). We evaluated the effect of PCV7 on incidence of disease due to nonvaccine serotypes... - Clonal distribution of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children and selected adults in the United States prior to 7-valent conjugate vaccine introductionRobert E Gertz
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:4194-216. 2003..In this work, we established the basic genetic structure within individual serotypes prior to PC7V use. The resultant database will be useful for detecting potential selective effects of this vaccine in postvaccine surveillance... - Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infectionsBrendan Flannery
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
JAMA 291:2197-203. 2004.... - Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007Michael C Thigpen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
N Engl J Med 364:2016-25. 2011..More recent prevention measures such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and universal screening of pregnant women for group B streptococcus (GBS) have further changed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis... - Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of bacteremic pneumonia among US adultsDeron C Burton
Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Am J Public Health 100:1904-11. 2010..We examined associations between the socioeconomic characteristics of census tracts and racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia among US adults... - Adults with invasive pneumococcal disease: missed opportunities for vaccinationMoe H Kyaw
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Am J Prev Med 31:286-92. 2006..Missed opportunities for vaccination were defined as one or more visits to a hospital, emergency room (ER), or main provider in the 2 years before infection among unvaccinated, adult IPD case-patients with a vaccine indication... - Changes in invasive Pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunizationBrendan Flannery
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Ann Intern Med 144:1-9. 2006..Adults infected with HIV have high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children could affect disease among HIV-infected adults... - In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ceftaroline against cephalosporin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaeLesley McGee
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:552-6. 2009..pneumoniae strains resistant to existing parenteral cephalosporins and support its continued development for the treatment of infections caused by resistant S. pneumoniae strains... - Postvaccine genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from children in the United StatesRekha Pai
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Infect Dis 192:1988-95. 2005..CC199 is the predominant CC among type 19A serotypes in children <5 years old. Our data suggest that some of the increase in rates of infection with serotype 19A may be due to serotype switching within certain vaccine type strains... - Incidence of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: population-based assessmentDavid S Stephens
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Lancet 365:855-63. 2005..We assessed emergence of macrolide-resistant invasive S pneumoniae disease in Atlanta, GA, USA, before and after the licensing, in February 2000, of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for young children... - Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccineMathias W R Pletz
Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:3491-7. 2004..Our results suggest that invasive pneumococcal isolates resistant to levofloxacin in the United States show considerable evidence of multiple resistance and of clonal spread... - Pre- and postvaccination clonal compositions of invasive pneumococcal serotypes for isolates collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002Bernard Beall
Repsiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Mailstop C02, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 44:999-1017. 2006..Continued genotypic surveillance is warranted, since certain clones not targeted by PCV7 are expanding, and their emergence as significant pathogens could occur with maintained vaccine pressure... - Clonal association between Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23A, circulating within the United States, and an internationally dispersed clone of serotype 23FRekha Pai
CDC Respiratory Diseases Branch, Mailstop C02, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 43:5440-4. 2005..The emergence of such new serotype and genotype associations highlights the dynamic nature of the pneumococcal population, necessitating continuous monitoring in the post-vaccine era... - Increased prevalence of pediatric pneumococcal serotypes in elderly adultsDaniel R Feikin
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clin Infect Dis 41:481-7. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: The increased proportion of severe pneumococcal disease caused by pediatric serotypes in the elderly population might indicate opportunities for prevention with use of PCV7... - Interspecies recombination in type II topoisomerase genes is not a major cause of fluoroquinolone resistance in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United StatesMathias W R Pletz
Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:779-80. 2005..We analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of 49 invasive levofloxacin-resistant pneumococcal isolates and did not find any evidence for interspecies recombination... - Invasive pneumococcal infections among vaccinated children in the United StatesSarah Y Park
Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
J Pediatr 156:478-483.e2. 2010..We characterized a case series of US children in whom invasive pneumococcal infections developed despite vaccination... - Herd immunity and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a quantitative modelMichael Haber
Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Vaccine 25:5390-8. 2007..Because the model was based on incidence rates and PCV7 coverage in Atlanta, our findings should be validated in other geographic areas... - Could a single dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children be effective? Modeling the optimal age of vaccinationEzra J Barzilay
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
Vaccine 24:904-13. 2006..IPD reduction ranged from 15 to 62%, depending on model parameters. A single PCV dose in infants could prevent substantial IPD... - Prevalence of first-step mutants among levofloxacin-susceptible invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United StatesMathias W R Pletz
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:1561-3. 2006..Among those with a levofloxacin MIC of 2 mg/liter, 16.2% of isolates recovered from nursing home residents and 6.4% from non-nursing home residents had first-step mutations... - Association between antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates and burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in the communityJulia Y Morita
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Clin Infect Dis 35:420-7. 2002..The proportion of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates did not predict invasive cases among adults. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pneumococci among children may be leading to an increase in invasive disease... - Persistence of fluoroquinolone-resistant, multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a long-term-care facility: efforts to reduce intrafacility transmissionAlicia M Fry
espiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:239-47. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: Infection control contributed to less transmission of MDRSP in the LTCE Additional strategies are needed to reduce transmission and carriage among certain resident populations... - Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United StatesBernard W Beall
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J Infect Dis 203:1360-8. 2011..7% to 43.7%). To better understand changes, we characterized sero19A isolates recovered during 2004-2008... - PCR-based quantitation and clonal diversity of the current prevalent invasive serogroup 6 pneumococcal serotype, 6C, in the United States in 1999 and 2006 to 2007Maria Da Gloria Carvalho
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 47:554-9. 2009..Fifteen 6C isolates shared one of four different MLST types with 6C-negative CS6As. MLST results suggest 6C strains arose from independent recombination events involving only serotype 6A and 6C parental strains... - Invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults, 1989-1998James P Watt
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clin Infect Dis 38:496-501. 2004..Navajo adults have rates of IPD that are 3-5-fold higher than those of the general US population. Additional research is needed to understand the reasons for this elevated risk and to develop prevention strategies... - Outbreak of late-onset group B Streptococcus in a neonatal intensive care unitJennifer K MacFarquhar
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Am J Infect Control 38:283-8. 2010..In September 2007, the Tennessee Department of Health was notified of a cluster of late-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Outbreaks of late-onset GBS are rare... - Revisiting pneumococcal carriage by use of broth enrichment and PCR techniques for enhanced detection of carriage and serotypesMaria da Gloria Carvalho
Streptococcus Laboratory, Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
J Clin Microbiol 48:1611-8. 2010..A PCR-based approach that employed a broth enrichment step appeared to best enhance the detection of mixed serotypes and low-density pneumococcal carriage... - An in vitro model to assess pneumococcal adherence to nasopharyngeal cells under competition conditionsGowrisankar Rajam
Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Microbiol Methods 70:219-26. 2007..This model may be used to identify Pnc strains of a given serotype with competitive potentials for replacement of VS in the nasopharynx and to screen Pnc strains for animal colonization models... - Bacterial meningitis among children with cochlear implants beyond 24 months after implantationKrista R Biernath
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Pediatrics 117:284-9. 2006..Children with implants with positioners were at higher risk than children with other implant models. This higher risk of bacterial meningitis continued for up to 24 months after implantation... - Preventability of invasive pneumococcal disease and assessment of current polysaccharide vaccine recommendations for adults: United States, 2001-2003Carolyn M Greene
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clin Infect Dis 43:141-50. 2006..Our objectives were to determine the proportion of IPD cases that might have been prevented if all persons with vaccine indications had been vaccinated and to evaluate new indications... - Vaccines as tools against resistance: the example of pneumococcal conjugate vaccineCynthia G Whitney
Epidemiology Section, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 15:86-93. 2004..Surveillance is needed to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance into nonvaccine serotypes, which may lead to a resurgence of resistance... - Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current polysaccharide vaccine in the elderlyAlicia M Fry
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop C-23, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Vaccine 21:303-11. 2002..Superior effectiveness of new vaccines was dependent upon a presumed longer duration of protection than the 23V-PPV and effectiveness against noninvasive pneumonia. Our results suggest that new vaccines could improve disease prevention... - Application of TaqMan low-density arrays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory pathogensMaja Kodani
Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 49:2175-82. 2011..The TLDA card approach offers promise for rapid and simultaneous identification of multiple respiratory pathogens for outbreak investigations and disease surveillance... - An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical Streptococcus pneumoniaeMichael Martin
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
N Engl J Med 348:1112-21. 2003..CONCLUSIONS: This large outbreak of conjunctivitis on a college campus was caused by an atypical, unencapsulated strain of S. pneumoniae that was identical to strains that had caused outbreaks two decades earlier... - Immunoblot method to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae and identify multiple serotypes from nasopharyngeal secretionsMelinda A Bronsdon
Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 42:1596-600. 2004..The IB method identified multiple clones and minor populations of pneumococci in NP secretions. This method is useful for detecting specific serotypes and carriage of multiple serotypes in epidemiologic surveillance and carriage studies... - Emergence of nonvaccine serotypes following introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: cause and effect?Matthew R Moore
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:183-5. 2008 - Effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Navajo adultsAndrea L Benin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Infect Dis 188:81-9. 2003..PPV23 was not significantly effective among Navajo adults and may be inadequate to prevent serious pneumococcal disease in this population... - Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based assessmentMark D King
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
Clin Infect Dis 37:1029-36. 2003..Most (92%) persons with recurrence had a vaccine indication. The risk of recurrence among certain persons with IPD is extremely high... - Emergence of a novel penicillin-nonsusceptible, invasive serotype 35B clone of Streptococcus pneumoniae within the United StatesBernard Beall
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Infect Dis 186:118-22. 2002..The mosaic pbp2b and divergent ddl sequences were suggestive of interspecies recombination at the ddl-pbp2b chromosomal region... - Invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults residing in long-term care facilities and in the communityBenjamin A Kupronis
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J Am Geriatr Soc 51:1520-5. 2003..To examine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults hospitalized for invasive pneumococcal disease who are living in the community and in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in the United States... - The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adultsMoe H Kyaw
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Infect Dis 192:377-86. 2005..These data support recommendations to provide pneumococcal vaccine to persons in these at-risk groups and underscore the need for better prevention strategies for immunocompromised persons... - Aggregated antibiograms and monitoring of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniaeChris A Van Beneden
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 9:1089-95. 2003.... - Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes associated with rhinovirusLauri A Hicks
Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Am Geriatr Soc 54:284-9. 2006..To characterize illness and identify the etiology for two nursing home outbreaks of respiratory illness... - Specificity of the antibody response to the pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adultsDaniel R Feikin
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11:137-41. 2004..These findings confirm that absorption with a heterologous pneumococcal polysaccharide (e.g., 22F) is necessary to remove nonspecific antibodies in a standardized IgG ELISA for pneumococcal capsular antibodies in HIV-infected adults... - A systematic approach for increasing pneumococcal vaccination rates at an inner-city public hospitalJennifer D Shevlin
Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Am J Prev Med 22:92-7. 2002..In these cases, use of standing orders would have further increased vaccination rates while also promoting a more sustainable program... - Impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccinesCynthia G Whitney
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:729-30. 2005 - Seasonal patterns of invasive pneumococcal diseaseScott F Dowell
International Emerging Infections Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Building 2, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Bangkok, Thailand
Emerg Infect Dis 9:573-9. 2003.... - Risk of bacterial meningitis in children with cochlear implantsJennita Reefhuis
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
N Engl J Med 349:435-45. 2003.... - SARS surveillance during emergency public health response, United States, March-July 2003Stephanie J Schrag
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 10:185-94. 2004..Successes and limitations of this emergency surveillance can guide preparations for future outbreaks of SARS or respiratory diseases of unknown etiology... - Sentinel surveillance: a reliable way to track antibiotic resistance in communities?Stephanie J Schrag
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 8:496-502. 2002..Sentinel surveillance for resistant pneumococci can detect important trends over time but rarely detects newly emerging resistance profiles... - Cochlear implants and meningitis in childrenCynthia G Whitney
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:767-8. 2004 - Patient education strategies to improve pneumococcal vaccination rates: randomized trialDonna M Thomas
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
J Investig Med 51:141-8. 2003..We recommend that patient education initiatives to increase vaccination rates not focus solely on audiovisual media... - Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillanceLeigh Ann Hawley
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 9:1358-9. 2003 - Risk of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease in cities using monochloramine versus other water disinfectantsJames D Heffelfinger
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24:569-74. 2003..20; 95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.56) than were other hospitals. CONCLUSION: Water disinfection with monochloramine by municipal water treatment plants significantly reduces the risk of hospital-acquired LD... - Community outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: school-based cluster of neurologic disease associated with household transmission of respiratory illnessNicholas D Walter
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J Infect Dis 198:1365-74. 2008..We investigated an outbreak of severe neurologic disease and pneumonia that occurred among students at 4 schools in Rhode Island... - Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among people 50 through 64 years of age: role of comorbid conditions and raceJane E Sisk
Department of Health Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Room 2 34, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
Ann Intern Med 138:960-8. 2003.... - Geographic, demographic, and seasonal differences in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in BaltimoreBernadette A Albanese
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Clin Infect Dis 34:15-21. 2002..The incidence of PRSP is increasing in Baltimore, and the seasonality of PRSP suggests that recent antibiotic use, which is more common in winter months, may rapidly affect the prevalence of resistant pneumococcal infections... - Comparative activities of the oxazolidinone AZD2563 and linezolid against selected recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaeSue E Baum
Infectious Disease Service of Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3094-5. 2002..The AZD2563 MICs for 50 and 90% of the strains tested were 1 and 2 micro g/ml and 0.5 and 1 micro g/ml, respectively, for the two isolate groups. These MICs were within 1 log(2) dilution of those of linezolid... - Activities of cethromycin and telithromycin against recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaeJames H Jorgensen
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:605-7. 2004..25 micro g/ml, respectively. For six quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant strains, the cethromycin MICs were 0.25 to 16 micro g/ml and the telithromycin MICs were 1 to 4 micro g/ml. However, there was only 0.3% resistance to telithromycin... - Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccineCatherine A Lexau
Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis 55155 2538, USA
JAMA 294:2043-51. 2005..Early after its introduction, incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined among older adults, a group at high risk for pneumococcal disease... - Distribution of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal clones in the Baltimore metropolitan area and variables associated with drug resistanceM Catherine McEllistrem
Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
Clin Infect Dis 34:704-7. 2002.... - Pneumococcal vaccination in developing countriesOrin S Levine
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Lancet 367:1880-2. 2006 - Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of community acquired pneumonia in children and adultsJennifer C Nelson
Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, WA, United States
Vaccine 26:4947-54. 2008.... - Optimising the use of conjugate vaccines to prevent disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniaeCaroline L Trotter
Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PR, UK
Vaccine 26:4434-45. 2008..The aim of this paper is to review the state of the current evidence on conjugate vaccines and to identify important areas for further study, in order to inform the debate regarding the best use of these vaccines... - A community outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae in MinnesotaJessica M Buck
Acute Disease Investigation and Control Section, Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, MN 55164 0975, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:906-11. 2006..The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was notified of an outbreak of conjunctivitis in city A with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae... - Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study in a high-risk populationEugene V Millar
Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 43:8-15. 2006..2% vs. 29.8%; P = .01). CONCLUSION: Community-wide PnCRM7 vaccination in infancy reduces the prevalence of vaccine-type carriage and increases the prevalence of nonvaccine-type carriage through at least 3 years of age... - Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: evidence from the first 5 years of use in the United States incorporating herd effectsG Thomas Ray
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Northern California Region, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:494-501. 2006..Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been in routine use in the United States for 5 years. Prior U.S. cost-effectiveness analyses have not taken into account the effect of the vaccine on nonvaccinated persons... - Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adultsLionel A Mandell
McMaster University Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Clin Infect Dis 44:S27-72. 2007 - Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccineKatherine A Poehling
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 2504, USA
JAMA 295:1668-74. 2006..Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious infection in young infants. A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in 2000 and recommended for all children aged 2 to 23 months... - Erythromycin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in children, 1999-2001M Catherine McEllistrem
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 2582, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 11:969-72. 2005..The decline in infection rates was likely due to the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine... - Failure to control an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a long-term-care facility: emergence and ongoing transmission of a fluoroquinolone-resistant strainRosalind J Carter
Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York 10013, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:248-55. 2005..Long-term control of future MDRSP outbreaks should rely primarily on vaccination and strict infection control measures... - Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization among immunized and unimmunized children in a community-randomized trialKatherine L O'Brien
Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Infect Dis 196:1211-20. 2007..The impact of PCV on nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization is essential to understanding disease effects... - Changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Cleveland: a quarter century of experienceMichael R Jacobs
Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
J Clin Microbiol 46:982-90. 2008..This study documents the emergence of resistance over a quarter century among invasive pneumococci in the Cleveland area, as well as the reduction in disease caused by PCV7 serotypes following the introduction of PCV7 in 2000... - It's time for a change in practice: reducing antibiotic use can alter antibiotic resistanceCindy R Friedman
J Infect Dis 197:1082-3. 2008 - Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adultsJames P Watt
Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 166:1080-7. 2007..The high prevalence of renal failure, alcoholism, and unemployment among Navajo adults compared with the general US population may explain some of their increased risk of IPD...