Chong Gee Teo

..Establishing means to diagnose recent HCV infection and to engage in surveillance of drug-resistant HCV are also apposite. Successful implementation of these various measures brightens prospects for the eventual elimination of HCV...

..This review focuses on general and molecular features of the epidemiology of incident and prevalent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in England and Wales. The situation in Scotland and Northern Ireland will not be reviewed...

..Issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis E virus infection, particularly in Western countries, are reviewed and highlighted...

..These findings have implications for public health and offer a more general framework for understanding drug resistance...

..HEV infected farmed swine primarily, and the role of other animals as reservoirs of its zoonotic spread appears to be limited...

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..0001). The association of the outbreaks to two geographically restricted strains implicates two principal transmission pathways associated with injecting behavior. Identifying these routes may be conducive to preventing further outbreaks...

..Hepatitis E should be considered in the investigation of patients with hepatitis even if they have no history of travel...

..The low rate of detection in people at high risk of repeated HCV infection suggests that multitypic HCV carriage is uncommon...

..Diagnostic sensitivities and specificities as well as interassay agreement varied widely. Analytical sensitivity limits also were determined and were found to be particularly disparate...

..We investigate here the changes to specific epitopes in the a determinant (the major target of neutralizing antibody) caused by a number of drug-resistant mutations...

..Although anthroponotic transmission of HEV is primarily environmental, zoonotic transmission may proceed along both foodborne and environmental routes...

..Studies were conducted to investigate changes in the extent of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) shedding and diversity of HHV-8 strains in the mouth of a renal allograft recipient who developed cutaneous post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma...

..Such explanation may be sought from behavioral studies into the role saliva plays in sexual interactions...

..Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis...

..Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre- and post-transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma...

..These recommendations will be reviewed every 5 years and updated to include advances in the published evidence...

..This outbreak has progressed to become one of the largest hepatitis E outbreaks in the world. By June 2009, the epidemic had caused illness in >10,196 persons and 160 deaths...

..Patterns of intra- and extra-familial transmission inferred from ORF K1 sequencing data were corroborated mainly using ORF 73 IRD RFLP analysis...

..In the United States, HBV genotyping studies have been conducted for chronic but not acute hepatitis B...

..Even so, such studies allow prevalence and incidence to be estimated in individuals who have ever injected drugs and inform ongoing public health surveillance...

..In conclusion, HCV type 1 infection was more often HCV RNA negative, suggesting that spontaneous clearance may occur more commonly with this type. Among the RNA-positive infections, type 1 infection may be more aggressive than types 2/3...

..We instigated a study of cases of acute hepatitis B to trace the spread and prevalence of this variant...

..The association of GBV-C/HGV in patients at high risk of parenteral infection and those with chronic liver disease in southern India is unknown...

..The proportion of infants developing infection declined after 1998, coinciding with the publication of national recommendations and the wider use of the accelerated schedule...